“Mumazuva Amambo Herodhi”
ACHIEDZA kuuraya Jesu achiri mucheche, Herodhi Mukuru, mambo weJudhiya akatuma vanhu vake kuti vauraye vanakomana vose vacheche vaive muBhetrehema. Pane nhoroondo dzinoverengeka dzinotaura zvakaitika “mumazuva amambo Herodhi,” zviitiko zvinojekesa chokwadi nezvoupenyu hwaJesu neushumiri hwake.—Mateu 2:1-16.
Chii chakaita kuti Herodhi ade kuuraya Jesu? Uye nei pakaberekwa Jesu vaJudha vaiva namambo, asi paakafa, Pondiyo Pirato muRoma ndiye aivatonga? Kuti tinyatsonzwisisa basa raHerodhi kareko uye kuti nei zvichikosha kuvaverengi kunzwisisa nezvake, ngatimboongororai zvakaitika kare makore akawanda Jesu asati aberekwa.
Kurwirana Simba MuJudhiya
Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechipiri Jesu asati auya, Guta reJudhiya raitongwa nemumwe mutsara wemadzimambo mana wedzinza revaSeleucids vokuSiriya wakavapo pakaparara Umambo hwaAlexander Mukuru. Zvisinei, makore 168 Jesu asati auya, mumwe mambo wedzinza revaSeleucids akaedza kuti kunamatwa kwaJehovha kutsiviwe nechitendero chenhema chaZeus patemberi yechitendero ichi yaiva muJerusarema. VaJudha vachitungamirirwa nemhuri yevaMakabhii vakapandukira. VanaMakabhii kana kuti vaHasimoneus vakatonga Judhiya kubva muna 142-63 Jesu asati auya.
Muna 66 B.C.E. machinda maviri ekwaHasmoneus, Hyrcanus II naAristobulus vaiva mukoma nomunin’ina vakarwirana chigaro chababa vavo. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nehondo, vose vakatsvaga rubatsiro kuna Pompey, mutungamiriri weuto reRoma aiva muSiriya. Pompey akabva angoshandisa mukana wokubatanidzwawo munyaya yacho.
Chaizvozvo vaRoma vaiwedzera simba ravo nechekumabvazuva, panguva iyi, vakanga vachitotonga chikamu chikuru cheAsia Minor. Zvisinei, madzimambo akawanda omuSiriya akanga asina simba rakawanda akanga aita kuti munzvimbo yacho yose muve nemvonga-mvonga, zvichiita kuti kuMabvazuva kusava nerugare sezvaidiwa nevaRoma. Saka Pompey akanga ava kuda kutora Siriya.
Kuti agadzirise dambudziko revaHasmoneus akasarudza kutsigira Hyrcanus, uye muna 63 B.C.E., vaRoma vakapinda muJerusarema kuti vagadze Hyrcanus pachigaro choumambo. Kunyange zvakadaro, Hyrcanus aisazova norusununguko rwokuita chero zvaaida. Iye zvino vaRoma vakanga vatosvika, vakanga vasiri kuzokanda mapfumo pasi. Hyrcanus akava mutongi aiva pasi pevaRoma, uye kuti arambe ari pachigaro zvaienderana nokuti vaimubatsira here kana kwete. Munyika yake aigona kuita zvaaida, asi kana zvava zvokune dzimwe nyika aitofanira kuita zvaidiwa nevaRoma.
Kuwana Simba Kwakaita Herodhi
Hyrcanus aiva mutongi asina simba. Asi aitsigirwa naAntipater wokuIdhumeya uyo aiva baba vaHerodhi Mukuru. Kutaura zvazviri, Antipater ndiye akanga akasimbisa chigaro chaHyrcanus. Akaitawo kuti vaJudha vaipikisa vasapandukira uye akapedzisira ava kutonga Judhiya. Akabatsira Julius Caesar kurwisa vavengi vake vaiva kuIjipiti, uye vaRoma vakamutenda nokumukwidziridza kuti ave mutongi achiwana murayiro zvakananga kwavari. Antipater akagadzawo vanakomana vake kuti vave magavhuna, Phasael kuJerusarema uye Herodhi kuGarireya.
Antipater akadzidzisa vanakomana vake kuti vaisakwanisa kubudirira kana vasingatsigirwi nevaRoma. Herodhi akaramba achizviyeuka. Nguva yose yaaiva pachigaro akaedza kuita zvaidiwa nevaRoma uye zvaidiwa nevanhu vake vechiJudha. Akabatsirwa nounyanzvi hwake somukuru wemauto uye kugona kuronga. Herodhi paakagadzwa kuti ave gavhuna aine makore 25, akaita kuti akurumidze kufarirwa nevaJudha nevaRoma nokubvisa mapoka evanhu vaityora mutemo munzvimbo yake yaaitonga.
Antipater paakaurayiwa nomuchetura nevavengi vake muna 43 B.C.E., Herodhi ndiye akava munhu aiva nesimba zvikuru muJudhiya. Asi akanga ane vavengi. Dare revakuru-vakuru vomuJerusarema rakamuona seakakambira chigaro asina kodzero uye rakaedza kukurudzira vaRoma kuti abviswe pachigaro. Zano racho rakakona. VaRoma vakanga vakavimbika kuna Antipater nokuti vakanga vachiri kumuyeuka uye vaikoshesa unyanzvi hwemwanakomana wake.
Akaitwa Mambo weJudhiya
Makore anenge 20 gare gare, zano raPompey rekugadzirisa dambudziko reaizogara pachigaro chevaHasimoneus rakagumbura vakawanda. Boka revakanga vatsigira Aristobulus asi risina kubudirira rakaramba richiedza kubvuta masimba, uye muna 40 B.C.E rakazobudirira richibatsirwa nevavengi veRoma vainzi vaPatiya. Vachishandisa mukana wainge wamuka pamusana pebongozozo raikonzerwa nehondo yevagari vomuRoma, vakakunda Siriya, vakabvisa Hyrcanus pachigaro ndokugadza mumwe wedzinza revaHasimoneus aipikisana nevaRoma.
Herodhi akatizira kuRoma kwaakagamuchirwa zvakanaka. VaRoma vaida kuti vaPatiya vadzingwe muJudhiya uye kuti ivo vatange kutonga nzvimbo yacho nemutongi wavaida. Vaida munhu anovatsigira wavanovimba naye, uye vakaona kuti Herodhi ndiye ainge akakodzera. Saka Dare revaRoma rakagadza Herodhi kuti ave mambo weJudhiya. Herodhi achiratidzira kuti aizoita zvakawanda chaizvo kuti arambe ari pachigaro, akatungamirira boka revanhu kubva kuDare revaRoma achienda kutemberi yaJupita kwaakanobayira vanamwari vechihedheni.
Achibatsirwa nemauto evaRoma, Herodhi akakunda vavengi vake vaiva muJudhiya ndokutora chigaro chake. Akatsiva noutsinye vaya vainge vamupikisa. Akaparadza vaHasimoneus nevatungamiriri vechiJudha vainge vavatsigira, uye nevose vainge varatidza kurwadziwa nokutongwa nemunhu aiva shamwari yevaRoma.
Herodhi Anobatanidza Simba Rake
Octavius paakava mutongi wevaRoma muna 31 B.C.E. zvisina aipokana mushure mokukunda Mark Antony kuActium, Herodhi akaziva kuti ushamwari hwake hwemakore naMark Antony hwaizoita kuti afungirwe zvisizvo. Saka Herodhi akamhanya-mhanya kuti aratidze Octavius kuti aiva akavimbika kwaari. Mutongi mutsva wevaRoma, akasimbisa kuti Herodhi ndiye aiva mambo weJudhiya uye akakudza nzvimbo dzaaitonga.
Makore akatevera Herodhi akatsigisa uye akaita kuti umambo hwake hubudirire, ndokuchinja Jerusarema kuti rive muzinda wetsika dzechiGiriki. Akatanga mabasa makuru okuvaka—achivaka mizinda youmambo, guta rechiteshi chengarava reKesariya, uye zvivako zvitsva zvikuru zvetemberi yomuJerusarema. Panguva yose iyi, zvirongwa zvake zvose uye simba rake zvaibva pakushamwaridzana kwake nevaRoma.
Herodhi ndiye aitonga Judhiya yose; uye ndiye aiva mukuru mukuru pane zvose. Herodhi aipindira pakugadzwa kwevapristi vakuru, achigadza chero waaida.
Kuponda Kunokonzerwa Negodo
Ukuwo upenyu hwaHerodhi hwainge husina kumira zvakanaka. Vazhinji, pavakadzi vake gumi vose vaida kuti vana vavo vazogara pachigaro chababa vavo. Nyaya dzaiitika pamuzinda wake woumambo dzakaita kuti Herodhi atange kunyumwa, uye dzakaita kuti ave noutsinye. Zvichikonzerwa negodo, akauraya nyachide wake, uye pava paya akazoita kuti vanakomana vake vaviri vadzipwe nokuti vakanga vapomerwa mhosva dzokumupandukira. Saka nhoroondo yaMateu yekupondwa kwakaitwa muBheterehema inopindirana nezvinozivikanwa nezveunhu hwaHerodhi uye kutsunga kwake kuparadza vaya vangadaro vaida kumupandukira.
Vamwe vanoti achiziva kuti vanhu vaisamufarira, Herodhi aiva akatsunga kuti parufu rwake munyika yose vanhu vasuruvare pane kuti vafare. Kuti abudirire pakuronga kwake, akasunga vaJudha vaitungamirira ndokurayira kuti vose vaurayiwe paizoziviswa nezverufu rwake. Izvozvo hazvina kuzoitwa.
Nhaka yaHerodhi Mukuru
Parufu rwaHerodhi, vaRoma vakaita kuti Archelaus agare pachigaro chababa vake ari mutongi weJudhiya uye kuti vanakomana vake vaviri vave machinda akazvimirira—Andipasi achitonga Garireya nePereya, Firipi achitongawo Itureya neTrakonitisi. Archelaus haana kufarirwa nevanhu vake uye nevakuru vake. Pashure pemakore gumi achitonga asi asingabudirire, vaRoma vakazomubvisa ndokugadza gavhuna wavaida, akazotsiviwa naPondiyo Pirato. Asi panguva iyoyo Andipasi—anodaidzwa naRuka kuti Herodhi—naFiripi vakaramba vachitonga nzvimbo dzavo. Izvi ndizvo zvainge zvakaita zvematongerwo enyika pakatanga ushumiri hwaJesu.—Ruka 3:1.
Herodhi mukuru aiva akangwara mune zvematongerwo enyika, aida kushandisa vamwe uye aiva mhondi ine utsinye, zvichida paakanyanyisa ndepaya paakaedza kuuraya Jesu ari mucheche. Vaverengi veBhaibheri vanobatsirwa nokuongorora nhoroondo inoratidza zvaiitwa naHerodhi vobva vajekerwa nezviitiko zvinokosha zvepanguva yacho uye pavanoongorora nhoroondo yacho vanozivawo kuti vaRoma vakazosvika sei pakutonga vaJudha vobva vaziva zvakaitika muupenyu hwaJesu achangoberekwa pasi pano noushumiri hwake.
[Mepu iri papeji 15]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
Parestina nenzvimbo dzaive dzakaipoteredza munguva yaHerodhi
SIRIYA
ITUREYA
GARIREYA
TRAKONITISI
Gungwa reGarireya
Rwizi rwaJodhani
Kesariya
SAMARIYA
PEREYA
Jerusarema
Bhetrehema
JUDHIYA
Gungwa reMunyu
IDHUMEYA
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 13]
Herodhi aingovawo mumwe wevatongi vakatevedzana vakatonga Judhiya mazana maviri emakore Jesu asati atanga ushumiri hwake