Murangariro weBhaibheri
“Testamente Itsva” Inorwisana navaSemite Here?
MUEVHANGERI weAmerica akambotaura, kuti: “Chechi yesangano yakaita chivi kupfurikidza nenhau yayo yose uye ine zvakawanda zvokuzvidavirira paRutongeso, zvikurukuru nokuda kwokurwisana navaSemite kunoitwa mukurwisana navanhu vechiJudha.”
Neiko kurwisana navaSemite kwakava nenhau refu neyakashata yakadaro, ichipfuurira kunyange muzana ramakore rechi 20? Vamwe vanopomera mhaka Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, anonzi Testamente Itsva. Somuenzaniso, Krister Stendahl, mukuru mukuru wapaHarvard Divinity School, akataura, kuti: “Kuti . . . kutaura kweTestamente Itsva kwakashanda somurairo ‘woumwari’ wokuvenga vaJudha kunosanozivikanwa uye iidi rinogamuchirwa navose.” Kunyange zvazvo ikoku kungagamuchirwa navose, ndokwechokwadi zvomenemene here?
Ndiani Akapomerwa Mhaka nokuda Kworufu rwaJesu?
Chimwe chikamu chinowanzodudzwa soufakazi hwokurwisana navaSemite kwe“Testamente Itsva” ndiMateo 27:15-25. Ipapo tinoudzwa kuti boka rechiJudha rakaraira kuti gavhuna weRoma Pontio Pirato aite kuti Jesu arovererwe, kunyange kudanidzira, kuti: “Ropa rake ngarive pamusoro pedu napavana vedu.” “Testamente Itsva” ipapo yakanga ichidzidzisa here kuti vaJudha vose vomuzana rokutanga ramakore vakanga vane mutoro worufu rwaJesu uye kuti vaJudha nokusingaperi vanofanira kuzivikanwa savaurayi vaKristu?
Kutanga, vaJudha vazhinjisa vakaita sei kuna Jesu mukati moushumiri hwake? “Testamente Itsva” inozivisa kuti Jesu akanga achidiwa namapoka echiJudha, zvikurukuru muGarirea, umo akaita huzhinjisa hwoushumiri hwake. (Johane 7:31; 8:30; 10:42; 11:45) Mazuva mashanu bedzi pamberi pokusungwa kwake nokuurawa, boka rechiJudha rakamugamuchira muJerusarema saMesia.—Mateo 21:6-11.
Ndiani, ipapoka, aida kuti Jesu aurawe? “Testamente Itsva” inotaura kuti Jesu akanga asingadiwi navaprista vakuru navazhinji vavaFarise navaSadhuse nemhaka yokuti akafumura unyengeri hwavo. (Mateo 21:33-46; 23:1-36)a Muprista Mukuru Kayafasi akanga ari mumwe wavashori vakurusa vaJesu. Pasina panikiro akanga atambura kurasikirwa kwomunhu oga nemari apo Jesu akadzinga vatsinhanisi vemari mutembere. (Marko 11:15-18) Mukuwedzera, Kayafasi aitya kuti kudiwa kwaJesu namapoka echiJudha pakupedzisira kwaizotungamirira kukupindira kwavaRoma uye kukurasikirwa kwake kwomunhu oga nesimba. (Johane 11:45-53) Nokudaro, vaprista vakuru navamwe vatungamiriri vorudzidziso vakaronga rufu rwaJesu ndokumugamuchidza kudare reRoma nokuda kwokuurawa. (Mateo 27:1, 2; Marko 15:1; Ruka 22:66–23:1) Kunoshamisa sei kuti kudiwa kwaJesu namapoka echiJudha kwakatungamirira kurufu rwake!
Nemhaka yokudiwa kwaJesu, boka rechiJudha raigona sei kudanidzira nokuda kworufu rwake? Sezvo vazhinjisa vavatsigiri vaJesu vaiva vaGarirea, kunobvira kuti boka raida kuti aurawe raiva zvikurukuru ravaJudhea. VaGarirea vaikombamira kuva vanyoro, vanozvininipisa, uye vakananga nenzira yomuzvarirwo, nepo vaJudha vaikombamira kuva vane hasha, vakapfuma, uye vakadzidza zvikuru, zvikurukuru muJerusarema. Nenzira ine mufungo, Mateo anozivisa kuti boka rakanyandurwa na“vaprista vakuru navakuru.” (Mateo 27:20) Inhema dzakadini dzavangadai vakaudza boka kuti varinyandure neiyi nzira? Dzakanga dziri nhema dziya dzavakanga vambopa kare pakutongwa kwaJesu uye dziya dzakadzokororwa mukati mokuurawa kwaJesu, ndiko kuti, kuti Jesu akataura kuti aizoparadza tembere here?—Marko 14:57, 58; 15:29.b
Mutoro Wenzanga
Kana iri boka rechiJudha rakanga risiri vanhu vose vechiJudha, neiko muapostora Petro, pakutaura kuboka guru ravaJudha rakaungana mazuva 50 gare gare muJerusarema nokuda kwoMutambo Wamavhiki, achiti: “Imi makarovera [Jesu] [panda, NW] namaoko avanhu vasingateereri murairo”? (Mabasa 2:22, 23) Chokwadi Petro aiziva kuti vazhinjisa vavo vaiva nechokuita nezvinoitika zvakatungamirira kukuurawa kwaJesu. Naizvozvo, Petro akarevei?
Mukuwirirana naMagwaro, kuponda pasina mhaka kwakaunza mhaka kwete bedzi pamuurayi asiwo panzanga yakakundikana kuunza ruramisiro. (Dheuteronomio 21:1-9) Somuenzaniso, rudzi rwose rwaBhenjamini rwakanga rwambotongerwa mhaka yeropa nokuda kwokukundikana kuranga boka ravapondi vaiva pakati pavo. Kunyange zvazvo voruzhinjisa zvikuru vorudzi rwacho vakanga vasingabatanidzwi zvakananga mukuponda kwacho, kupfurikidza nokushivirira uhu utsotsi, vakanga vachihubvumira uye nokudaro vakava nomwero wakati womutoro. (Vatongi 20:8-48) Zvamazvirokwazvo, kwakacherekedzwa kuti “kunyarara kunoratidza kubvumirana.”
Nenzira yakafanana, rudzi rwechiJudha rwomuzana rokutanga ramakore rwakabatanidzwa mumhosva yavatungamiriri vavo vane mhaka yeropa. Kupfurikidza nokushivirira zviito zvokuponda zvavaprista vakuru navaFarise, rudzi rwose rwakagoverana mutoro. Pasina panikiro ichi ndicho chikonzero nei Petro akaudza vateereri vake vechiJudha kuti varatidze kuzvidemba.c
Chii chaiva muuyo wokuramba kwakadaro Jesu saMesia? Jesu akataura kuguta reJerusarema, kuti: “Masiirwa imba yenyu [tembere] yava dongo.” (Mateo 23:37, 38) Hungu, Mwari akabvisa dziviriro yake, uye mauto eRoma akatevera kuparadza Jerusarema netembere yaro. Kungofanana nemhuri yomunhu yaizonzwa miuyo kana akatorerwa pfuma yake yose, dziviriro yetendero youmwari yakanzwiwa kwete bedzi naavo vakadanidzira rufu rwaJesu asi nemhuri dzavowo. Mune iyi pfungwa ropa raJesu rakauya pavari napavana vavo.—Mateo 27:25.
Zvisinei, hapana chinhu mu“Testamente Itsva” chinotaura kuti zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi zvavaJudha zvaizova nemhaka chaiyo yorufu rwaJesu. Mukupesana, nemhaka yorudo rwake nokuda kwatateguru wavo Abrahama, Mwari akaratidza vaJudha kurangarira chaiko, achivagovera banza rokutanga rokuva maKristu. (Mabasa 3:25, 26; 13:46; VaRoma 1:16; 11:28) Apo iri banza pakupedzisira rakatambanudzirwa kuvasiri vaJudha, Mwari akarega kubata nomunhu upi noupi pahwaro hwamavambo orudzi. Sokutaura kwakaita Petro: “Zvirokwazvo, ndinoona kuti Mwari haazi mutsauri wavanhu, asi parudzi rupi norupi, munhu, unomutya, achiita zvakarurama, unogamuchirwa naye.” (Mabasa 10:34, 35) Muapostora Petro gare gare akanyora, kuti: “MuJudha nomuGiriki havasiyani.” (VaRoma 10:12) VaJudha ipapo vakanga vane chimiro chimwe chetecho pamberi paMwari savasiri vaJudha, uye ikoko kuchiri kwechokwadi nanhasi.—Enzanisa naEzekieri 18:20.
Neiko Pane Kurwisana navaSemite muchiKristudhomu?
Naizvozvo kunogona kuonwa kuti “Testamente Itsva” haisati ichirwisana navaSemite. Panzvimbo pezvo, “Testamente Itsva” ine chinyorwa chedzidziso dzomunhu akararama ndokufa somuJudha uye akadzidzisa vateveri vake vechiJudha kuremekedza zvinodikanwa zvoMutemo waMosesi. (Mateo 5:17-19) Asi kana “Testamente Itsva” isati ichipomerwa mhaka, neiko pave pane kupfuurira kwakadaro kwokurwisana navaSemite muchiKristudhomu?
ChiKristu icho chimene hachisati chichipomerwa mhaka. Nenzira yakafanana neiyo yamaKristu enhema munguva yaJudha vakanga vachi“shandura mutsa usakafanira waMwari kuva pembedzo yomufambiro wakashata,” maKristu okunyepedzera munhau yose akazvuzvurudza zita raKristu mutsvina yoruvengo nokufungira mano kwakaipa. (Judhasi 4, NW) Nokudaro, kurwisana navaSemite muchiKristudhomu kwave kuri nemhaka yokufungira mano akaipa kwoudyire kwavanhu vave vari maKristu nezita bedzi.
Nenzira inofadza, Jesu iye amene akadeya kutaura kuti vamwe vaizotaura kuva vakaita marudzi ose amabasa esimba muzita rake asi vaizova zvomenemene “vashandi vokusateerera mutemo”—kwete shamwari dzake! (Mateo 7:21-23, NW) Vazhinji vaivava vakaedza kushandisa “Testamente Itsva” seruramiso yoruvengo rwavo nokufungira mano akaipa, asi vanhu vanofunga vanogona kuona kuedzesera ikoko kusina maturo.
MaKristu enhema achafanira kuzvidavirira kuna Mwari nokuda kwokurwisana kwavo navaSemite. Asi sezvo kuvapo kwemari yokunyepedzera kusati kuchipanikirisa kuvapo kwemari chaiyoiyo, kuvapo kwamaKristu anotevedzera hakutongorerutsi idi rokuti, zvamazvirokwazvo, kune maKristu echokwadi, vanhu vanozivikanwa nokuda kworudo rwavo, kwete kufungira mano akaipa kwavo. Kuregereiko kurovedzana navanhu vakadaro paHoro yoUmambo yeZvapupu zvaJehovha iri pedyo newe?
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Wezvenhau wechiJudha womuzana rokutanga ramakore Joseph ben Matthias (Flavius Josephus) anonyora kuti kusvikira pazera rino, vaprista vakuru vaIsraeri vaigadzwa ndokubviswa navamiriri veRoma kazhinji kazhinji sekamwe chete pagore. Mune uyu mugariro, uprista hukuru hwakaderera kukuva basa rokutsvaka mari iro rakakwezva vanhu vakaipisisa vechaunga. The Babylonian Talmud rinonyora kunyanyisa kwetsika kwavamwe vaava vaprista vakuru. (Pesaḥim 57a) Talmud nenzira yakafanana inotaura nezvekombamiro yavaFarise younyengeri. (Soṭah 22b)
b Jesu zvomenemene akataura kuvashori vake, kuti: “Putsai tembere iyi, ini ndichaimutsa.” (Johane 2:19-22) Asi sokududza kunoita Johane, Jesu akanga achinongedzera, kwete kutembere yaiva muJerusarema, asi ku“tembere yomuviri wake.” Jesu nokudaro akanga achienzanisa rufu rwake runokarirwa norumuko nokuparadzwa nokuvakwazve kwechivako.—Enzanisa naMateo 16:21.
c Mutoro wakafanana wakacherekedzwawo munguva dzazvino uno. Havasati vari vagari vemo vose vechiNazi muGermany vakabatanidzwa zvakananga muutsinye. Kunyanguvezvo, Germany yakaziva mutoro wenzanga uye nokuzvidira yakasarudza kudzivirira vanyajambwa vechitambudzo chechiNazi.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 13]
KurwisananavaSemitemuchiKristudhomu kunoitwa navanhu vari maKristu nezita bedzi
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]
Jesu kana kuti vadzidzi vake havana kusimudzira kurwisana navaSemite