Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 5—Dheuteronomio

Munyori: Mosesi

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Mapani aMoabhi

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: 1473 B.C.E.

Nguva Yakafukidzwa: Mwedzi 2 (1473 B.C.E.)

1. Mibvunzoi ingabvunzwa pamusoro pokupinda kwaIsraeri muNyika Yakapikirwa?

BHUKU raDheuteronomio rine shoko rine simba kwazvo ravanhu vaJehovha. Pashure pokudzungaira murenje kwamakore 40, vanakomana vaIsraeri zvino vamire pachikumbaridzo cheNyika Yechipikirwa. Chii chiri mberi kwavo? Ndezvipi zvaiva zvinetso zvechienzi zvavaizotarisana nazvo kuno rumwe rutivi rweJoridhani? Mosesi aizotaurei pakupedzisira kurudzi? Tingabvunzawo kuti, Neiko kuri kunobetsera nokuda kwedu nhasi kuziva mhinduro dzeiyi mibvunzo?

2. Bhuku raDheuteronomio rinokosha munzirai?

² Mhinduro dzinofanira kuwanwa mumashoko ayo Mosesi akataura uye ayo akanyora mubhuku rechishanu reBhaibheri, Dheuteronomio. Kunyange zvazvo richitaurazve zvakawanda zvinobva mumabhuku apakutanga, bhuku raDheuteronomio rinokosha munzira yaro rimene yakatanhamara. Kunodaro sei? Rinowedzera simbiso kushoko roumwari, rinogoverwa panguva munhau yavanhu vaJehovha apo ivo vaida chaizvoizvo utungamiriri hune simba nenhungamiro yakanaka. Vakanga vodokupinda muNyika Yakapikirwa vachitungamirirwa nomutungamiriri mutsva. Vaida kurudziro yokuenda mberi, uye panguva imwe cheteyo vaida nyevero youmwari yokuvagonesa kutora nzira inotungamirira kuchikomborero chaJehovha.

3. Mosesi anosimbisei mubhuku rose raDheuteronomio, uye neiko ikoku kuchikosha kwatiri nhasi?

³ Mukuwirirana nechinodikanwa, Mosesi akasundwa nesimba nomudzimu waJehovha kuita mukumbiro wakananga kuna Israeri wokuva vanoteerera navakatendeka. Mubhuku rose, anosimbisa kuti Jehovha ndiye Mwari Wokumusorosoro, anoda kuzvipira kwakazara uye anoshuva kuti vanhu vake va‘mude nomwoyo wavo wose nomweya wavo wose uye nesimba ravo rose.’ Iye ndiye “Mwari wavamwari naShe wamadzishe, Mwari mukuru, une simba naanotyisa, asingabati munhu norusaruro kana kuti kugamuchira fufuro.” Iye haaregereri makwikwi. Kumuteerera kunoreva upenyu, kusamuteerera, rufu. Murayiridzo waJehovha, sowakapiwa mubhuku raDheuteronomio, waingova bedzi gadziriro nezano izvo Israeri aida nokuda kwamabasa anokosha akanga ari mberi kwavo. Rudziwo rwezano ratinoda nhasi kuti tigoramba tichifamba mukutyiwa kwaJehovha, tichitsvenesa zita rake pakati penyika yakashata.—Dheut. 5:9, 10; 6:4-6; 10:12-22, NW.

4. Chii chiri revo yebhuku raDheuteronomio, uye ndechipi chiri chinangwa chebhuku racho?

⁴ Zita rokuti Dheuteronomio rinobva muzita rokuremekedza riri mushanduro yechiGiriki yeSeptuagint, Deu·te·ro·noʹmi·on, rinobatanidza deuʹte·ros, rinoreva kuti “wechipiri,” nanoʹmos, rinoreva kuti “mutemo.” Naizvozvo rinoreva kuti “Mutemo Wechipiri; Kudzokororwa kwoMutemo.” Irori rinobva mushanduro yechiGiriki yechikamu chamashoko chechiHebheru chiri mubhuku raDheuteronomio 17:18, mish·nehʹ hat·toh·rahʹ, chinoshandurwa zvakarurama kuti ‘kopi yomutemo.’ Pasinei hapo nerevo yezita rebhuku raDheuteronomio, zvisinei, iri bhuku reBhaibheri harisati riri mutemo wechipiri kana kuti kudzokororwawo zvakwo kwoMutemo. Panzvimbo pezvo, itsanangurwo yoMutemo, unorayira Israeri kuda nokuteerera Jehovha muNyika Yakapikirwa iyo nokukurumidza vaizove vachipinda.—1:5.

5. Chii chinobvumikisa kuti Mosesi akanga ari munyori webhuku raDheuteronomio?

⁵ Uyu uchiva mupumburu wamanyoro wechishanu, kana kuti vhoriyamu, yePentateuch, munyori anofanira kuve ave ari mumwe cheteyo sowamabhuku mana apakuvamba, ndiko kuti, Mosesi. Kutaura kwokutanga kunozivisa bhuku raDheuteronomio sa“mashoko ayo Mosesi akataura kuna Israeri wose,” uye kutaura kwapashure, kwakadai sokwokuti “Mosesi akanyora uyu mutemo” uye “Mosesi akanyora urwu rwiyo,” kunobvumikisa zvakajeka kuva kwake munyori. Zita rake rinowanika kanodokuva ka40 mubhuku racho, nguva dzose somuvambi wokutaura kunoitwa. Munhu wokutanga, anonongedzera kuna Mosesi, anoshandiswa zvikurukuru mose. Ndima dzokugumisa dzakawedzerwa pashure porufu rwaMosesi, sezvinobvira zvikuru naJoshua kana kuti naEreazari muprista mukuru.—1:1; 31:9, 22, 24-26.

6. (a) Inhamboi yenguva inofukidzwa nebhuku raDheuteronomio? (b) Bhuku rakapedzwa chaizvoizvo rini?

⁶ Zviitiko zvebhuku raDheuteronomio zvakaitika rini? Pakutanga, iro bhuku rimene rinotaura kuti “mugore rechimakumi mana, mumwedzi wegumi nomumwe, pazuva rokutanga romwedzi, Mosesi akataura kuvanakomana vaIsraeri.” Pakupera kwechinyorwa chiri mubhuku raDheuteronomio, bhuku raJoshua rinopfuudzira nhoroondo yacho mazuva matatu pamberi pokuyambukwa kwaJoridhani, uko kwaiva “pazuva regumi romwedzi wokutanga.” (Dheut. 1:3; Josh. 1:11; 4:19) Ikoku kunosiya nhambo yemwedzi miviri nevhiki imwe nokuda kwezviitiko zvebhuku raDheuteronomio. Zvisinei, mazuva 30 eiyi nhambo yemavhiki mapfumbamwe akapedzerwa mukuchema rufu rwaMosesi. (Dheut. 34:8) Ikoku kunoreva kuti zvinodokuva zviitiko zvose zvebhuku raDheuteronomio zvinofanira kuve zvakaitikira mumwedzi wechi11 wegore rechi40. Pakazosvika pakupera kwomwedzi iwowo, kunyorwa kwebhuku kunofanirawo kuve kwakanga kwodokupera, norufu rwaMosesi runosvika mukuvamba momwedzi wechi12 wegore rechi40, kana kuti mukuvamba ma1473 B.C.E.

7. Chii chinoratidzira kuti bhuku raDheuteronomio ibhuku rechokwadi?

⁷ Zvibvumikiso zvatopiwa nokuda kwouchokwadi hwamabhuku mana ePentateuch zvinotsigirawo nokuda kwebhuku raDheuteronomio, rechishanu. Ndirimwewo ramabhuku mana ari muMagwaro echiHebheru anowanzonokorwa mashoko zvikurusa muMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu, mamwe achiva Genesi, Mapisarema, uye Isaya. Kune 83 dzouku kunokora mashoko, uye mabhuku 17 ari muMagwaro echiGiriki echiKristu anonongedzera kubhuku raDheuteronomio.a

8. Chipupuriroi chokugumisa chakaitwa naJesu chinoratidzira uchokwadi hwebhuku raDheuteronomio?

⁸ Jesu amene anopa chipupuriro chakasimba zvikurusa mukutsigirwa kwebhuku raDheuteronomio. Pakutangatanga kwoushumiri hwake, iye katatu akaedzwa naDhiyabhorosi, uye katatu iye akadzorera nemhinduro yokuti, “Kwakanyorwa.” Kwakanyorwa kupi? Chokwadika, mubhuku raDheuteronomio (8:3; 6:16, 13), iro Jesu akanokora mashoko sechiremera chake chakafuridzirwa: “Munhu anofanira kurarama, kwete nezvokudya zvoga, asi nokutaura kuri kwose kunobuda mumuromo maJehovha.” “Usaedza Jehovha Mwari wako.” “NdiJehovha Mwari wako waunofanira kunamata, uye ndokwaari bedzi kwaunofanira kuitira basa rinoyera.” (Mat. 4:1-11, NW) Gare gare, apo vaFarise vakauya vachimuedza pamusoro pemirayiro yaMwari, Jesu akanokora mashoko mukupindura “murayiro mukurusa nowokutanga” muna Dheuteronomio 6:5. (Mat. 22:37, 38; Marko 12:30; Ruka 10:27) Chipupuriro chaJesu chinosimbisa zvikurusa bhuku raDheuteronomio serechokwadi.

9. Ufakazii hwokunze hunoreverera bhuku raDheuteronomio?

⁹ Uyezve, zviitiko uye kutaura kuri mubhuku kunokodzera chaizvoizvo mugariro wenhau nemhoteredzo. Nongedzero kuEgipita, Kanani, Amereki, Amoni, Moabhi, uye Edhomi dzakatendeka kunguva, uye mazita enzvimbo anodudzwa nomutoo wakarurama.b Kuchera matongo kunopfuurira kujekesa chibvumikiso pamusoro peperero yamanyoro aMosesi. Henry H. Halley anonyora, kuti: “Kuchera matongo kwave kuchitaura nenzwi guru zvikuru pamisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi kuti kuri kuparira chinjo mumurangariro wekare [wokuti Mosesi akanyora Pentateuch]. Dzidziso yokuti kunyora kwakanga kusingazivikanwi muzuva raMosesi kunopokanidzwa chose chose. Uye gore riri rose muEgipita, Parestina neMesopotamia muri kufukunurwa, ufakazi, mose muri muviri mumanyoro nomurukoko zvapasi, hwokuti nhoroondo dza[Magwaro echiHebheru] ndedzezvinyorwa zvechokwadi zvenhau. Uye ‘uzivi’ huri kuva noruremekedzo rukuru nomutoo wokusapokana nokuda kwegamuchidzanwa rokuva munyori kwaMosesi.”c Nokudaro, kunyange ufakazi hwokunze hunotsigira bhuku raDheuteronomio, pamwe chete norumwe rutivi rwasara rwePentateuch, sechinyorwa chaicho, chechokwadi chakaitwa naMosesi muporofita waMwari.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RADHEUTERONOMIO

10. Bhuku raDheuteronomio rinoumbwa nechii?

¹⁰ Bhuku rinoumbwa zvikurukuru nenhevedzano yehurukuro idzo Mosesi akakurukura kuvanakomana vaIsraeri paMapani aMoabhi akatarisana neJeriko. Yokutanga yaidzodzi inogumira muganhuro 4, yechipiri inosvika kumugumo kweganhuro 26, yechitatu inopfuurira kusvikira kuganhuro 28, uye imwe hurukuro inotambanukira kumugumo weganhuro 30. Ipapo, pashure pokunge Mosesi aita gadziriro dzokupedzisira nemhaka yorufu rwake rwosvika, kubatanidza nokugadzwa kwaJoshua somutsivi wake, anonyora rumbo rwakanaka zvikurusa kurumbidzo yaJehovha, runoteverwa nechikomborero pandudzi dzaIsraeri.

11. Mosesi anosuma sei hurukuro yake yokutanga?

¹¹ Hurukuro yokutanga yaMosesi (1:1–4:49). Iyoyi inogovera sumo yenhau kuzvinotevera. Mosesi anohwirudzura kubata kwokutendeka kwaJehovha navanhu Vake. Mosesi ari kuvaudza kuti vapinde ndokuva varidzi venyika yakapikirwa kumadzibaba avo Abrahama, Isaka, uye Jakobho. Anorondedzera kuti Jehovha akatsinhiranisa sei mubato weiyi nzanga youbati ushe hwaMwari pakutanga kwerwendo rwomurenje kupfurikidza nokumuita kuti iye, Mosesi, asarudze varume vakachenjera, vakangwara, uye vanoruzivo rwokuzviwanira kuti vaite savakuru vezviuru, vamazana, vamakumi mashanu, uye vamakumi. Pakanga pane kurongeka kwakaisvonaka, kunorindwa naJehovha, sezvo Israeri “akafamba nomurenje rose guru nerinotyisa.”—1:19, NW.

12. Zviitikoi zvakapoteredza kusorwa kwokutanga kweKanani kwaanotevera kuyeuka?

¹² Mosesi zvino anoyeuka chivi chavo chorupanduko apo ivo vakanzwa mushumo wetsori dzinodzoka kubva Kanani ndokunyunyuta kuti Jehovha akavavenga nemhaka yokuti, ivo vakapomera, Iye akavabudisa muEgipita kungondovasiya bedzi kuvaAmori. Nokuda kwouku kushaiwa kwavo kutenda, Jehovha akaudza chizvarwa ichecho chakashata kuti hapana nomumwe wavo, kunze kwaKarebhi naJoshua, vaizoona nyika yakanaka. Pana ikoko ivo vanozvibatazve nomutoo wokupanduka, vose vachiva vanoshatirwa uye vachiita kudenha kwokuzvimirira pamuvengi, kungondoita bedzi kuti vaAmori vavadzinge sebute renyuchi nokuvaparadzira.

13. Mosesi anovimbisa Joshua nezverukundo pahwaroi?

¹³ Vakafamba murenje vakananga Gungwa Dzvuku, uye mukati mamakore 38, chizvarwa chose chavarume vehondo chakaparara. Ipapo Jehovha akavarayira kuyambuka ndokuva varidzi venyika kuchamhembe kweArnoni, achiti: “Nhasi ndichatanga kuvhundusa nokutyisa ndudzi dziri pasi pedenga rose pamusoro penyu, ivo vachanzwa guhu pamusoro penyu, vachabvunda nokutya kwazvo pamusoro penyu.” (2:25) Sihoni nenyika yake vakawira kuna Israeri, uye ipapo umambo hwaOgi hwakatorwa. Mosesi anovimbisa Joshua kuti Jehovha acharwira Israeri nenzira imwe cheteyo mukukurira umambo hwose. Mosesi ipapo akakumbira Mwari kana kungaitika kuti iye amene agoyambuka kuti apinde munyika yakanaka mhiri kwaJoridhani, asi Jehovha anopfuurira kuramba ikoku, achimuudza kugadza, kukurudzira, uye kusimbisa Joshua.

14. Mosesi anoisa simbisoi paMutemo waMwari uye pamusoro pokuzvipira kwapoga?

¹⁴ Mosesi zvino anoisa simbiso huru paMutemo waMwari, achidzivisa kuwedzera kana kuti kubvisa mirayiro Yake. Kusateerera kuchaunza ngwavaira: “Asi zvichenjererei, mushingaire kuchengeta mweya yenyu, kuti murege kukanganwa zvinhu zvamakaona nameso enyu, zvirege kuzobva pamwoyo yenyu mazuva ose oupenyu hwenyu; asi munofanira kuzvizivisa vana venyu navana vavana venyu.” (4:9) Havana kuona chitarisiko apo Jehovha akataura Mashoko Gumi kwavari mumigariro inotyisa muHorebhi. Kwaizova ruparadziko kwavari kana ivo zvino vakatendeukira kukunamata zvidhori nokunamata zvifananidzo, nokuti, sokutaura kunoita Mosesi, “Jehovha Mwari wenyu mwoto unoparadza, Mwari anoda kuzvipira kwakazara.” (4:24, NW) Akanga ari iye akanga ada madzibaba avo uye akanga avasarudza. Hakuna mumwe Mwari mumatenga kumusoro kana kuti munyasi mepasi. Muteererei, Mosesi anorayira kudaro, “kuti mugorebesa mazuva enyu paivhu iro Jehovha Mwari wenyu anokupai, nguva dzose.”—4:40.

15. Igadziriroi yamaguta outiziro inoitwa kumabvazuva kweJoridhani?

¹⁵ Pashure pokugumisa uku kutaura kune simba, Mosesi anopfuurira kutsaura Bhezeri, Ramoti, Gorani samaguta outiziro nechokumabvazuva kwaJoridhani.

16. Hurukuro yechipiri yaMosesi inosimbisei?

¹⁶ Hurukuro yechipiri yaMosesi (5:1–26:19). Iyi idanidziro kuna Israeri kuti anzwe Jehovha, uyo akataura navo chiso nechiso paSinai. Ona kuti Mosesi anorondedzera sei Mutemo negadziridzo dzakati dziri madikanwa, nokudaro ndokuugamuchira nokuda kwoupenyu hwavo hutsva mhiri kwaJoridhani. Hakuzati kuri kungorondedzerwawo zvakwo kwemirayiro nemirau. Shoko riri rose rinoratidza kuti mwoyo waMosesi uzerwe norushingairo nokuzvipira kuna Mwari wake. Anotaura nokuda kwegarikano yorudzi. Kuteerera Mutemo kunosimbiswa mose—kuteerera kunobva pamwoyo une rudo, kwete kupfurikidza negombedzero.

17. Israeri anofanira kudzorera sei rudo urwo Jehovha akavaratidzira?

¹⁷ Kutanga, Mosesi anodzokorora Mashoko Gumi, Mirayiro Gumi, uye anoudza Israeri kuiteerera, pasina kutendeukira kurudyi kana kuti kuruboshwe, kuti vagorebesa mazuva avo munyika uye kuti ivo vagova vazhinji. “Chinzwa Israeri, Jehovha Mwari wedu ndiJehovha mumwe chete.” (6:4) Mwoyo, mweya, uye simba guru zvinofanira kupiwa kukuda Iye, uye Israeri anofanira kudzidzisa vanakomana vake ndokuvaudza nezvezviratidzo zvikuru nezvishamiso izvo Jehovha akaita muEgipita. Hapasati pachifanira kuva nemibatanidzwa yeroorano navaKanani vanonamata zvidhori. Jehovha akasarudza Israeri kuti ave pfuma yake chaiyo, kwete nemhaka yokuti ivo vakakurumbira, asi nemhaka yokuti iye anovada uye achachengeta kutaura kwakapikwa kwaakaita namadzibaba avo. Israeri anofanira kudzivisa musungo worudzidziso rwamadhemoni, kuparadza mifananidzo munyika yacho, ndokuomerera kuna Jehovha, “Mwari mukuru naanotyisa” zvirokwazvo.—7:21.

18. Ko Mosesi anorayira vaIsraeri kuti vazvidzivisirei vamene?

¹⁸ Jehovha akavaninipisa kwamakore 40 murenje, achivadzidzisa kuti munhu anorarama, kwete nemana kana kuti zvokudya, asi nokutaura kuri kose kwomuromo waJehovha. Mukati mamakore ose iwawo eruramiso, zvipfeko zvavo hazvina kubvaruka, uyewo tsoka dzavo hadzina kuzvimba. Zvino vodokupinda nyika yepfuma nezvakawanda! Zvisinei, vanofanira kudzivisa misungo yokudisa zvenyika nokuzviti vakarurama uye kuyeuka kuti Jehovha ndiye ‘mupi wesimba rokuita pfuma’ nomubvisi wamarudzi akaipa. (8:18) Mosesi ipapo anorondedzera nhambo apo Israeri akatsamwisa Mwari. Vanofanira kuyeuka kuti kutsamwa kwaJehovha kwakawira pavari sei murenje, nedenda nomwoto nokuuraya! Vanofanira kuyeuka kunamata kwavo kunoshatsa mhuru yendarama, kwakaguma nokutsamwa kukuru kwaJehovha uye kuitwazve kwamahwendefa oMutemo! (Eks. 32:1-10, 35; 17:2-7; Num. 11:1-3, 31-35; 14:2-38) Zvirokwazvo zvino ivo vanofanira kubatira uye kuomerera kuna Jehovha, uyo akavada nokuda kwamadzibaba avo uye akanga avaita “vakafanana nenyeredzi dzamatenga nokuda kwavazhinji zhinji.”—Dheut. 10:22, NW.

19. Chisarudzoi chinotaurwa zvakajeka, uye mitemoi inorondedzerwa nokuda kworudzi?

¹⁹ Israeri anofanira kuchengeta “murayiro wose,” uye anofanira pasina kundikano kuteerera Jehovha, kumuda saMwari wavo uye kumubatira nomwoyo wavo wose nomweya wavo wose. (11:8, 13) Jehovha achavatsigira uye uchavatusa kana vakamuteerera. Zvisinei, vanofanira kuzvishandisa vamene uye kudzidzisa vana vavo nomutoo wokushingaira. Chisarudzo pamberi paIsraeri chinotaurwa zvakajeka: Kuteerera kunounza chikomborero, kusateerera kunounza kutukwa. Havafaniri “kutevera vamwe vamwari.” (11:26-28, NW) Ipapo Mosesi anorondedzera mitemo chaiyo inotapura Israeri sezvaanopinda kundova muridzi weNyika Yechipikirwa. Kune (1) mitemo inotapura rudzidziso nokunamata; (2) mitemo ine chokuita nokuitwa kweruramisiro, hurumende, uye hondo; uye (3) mitemo inodzora upenyu hwavanhu nohwenzanga.

20. Mapfundoi anotanhamarisa mutemo pamusoro pokunamata?

²⁰ (1) Rudzidziso nokunamata (12:1–16:17). Apo vaIsraeri vanopinda nyika, chisaririra chiri chose chorudzidziso rwenhema—nzvimbo dzayo dzakakwirira, atari, mbiru, mapango anoyera, uye mifananidzo—zvinofanira kuparadzwa chose chose. Israeri anofanira kunamata bedzi munzvimbo umo Jehovha Mwari wavo anosarudza kuisa zita rake, uye ipapo ivo vanofanira kufara maari, ivo vose. Mirau pamusoro pokudya nyama nezvibayiro inobatanidza zviyeuchidzo zvinodzokororwa zvokuti ivo havafaniri kudya ropa. “Asi chenjera kwazvo kuti urege kudya ropa, . . . Usaridya, kuti zvive zvakanaka newe, iwe, navana vako vanokutevera, kana uchiita zvakarurama pamberi paJehovha.” (12:16, 23-25, 27; 15:23) Zvino Mosesi anopinda mukushurikidzwa kwakajeka kwokunamata zvidhori. Israeri haafaniri kunyange kubvunza nzira dzorudzidziso rwenhema. Kana muporofita akabvumikiswa kuva wenhema, anofanira kuurawa, uye vawi pakutenda—kunyange hama yokunyama inodiwa yomunhu kana kuti shamwari, hungu, kunyange maguta ose—nenzira yakafanana anofanira kutsaurirwa kuruparadziko. Tevere kunouya mirau pazvokudya zvakachena nezvisina kuchena, kubhadharwa kwezvegumi, kutarisirwa kwavaRevhi. Mhindu dzavakweretesi, varombo, uye varanda vakatengeswa vanofanira kutaviridzirwa norudo. Pakupedzisira, Mosesi anohwirudzura mitambo yegore negore senguva dzokuonga Jehovha nokuda kwechikomborero chake: “Varume venyu vose vanofanira kuuya pamberi paJehovha Mwari wako katatu pagore panzvimbo yaachatsaura, pamutambo wechingwa chisina kuviriswa, napamutambo wamavhiki, napamutambo wamatumba; havafaniri kuuya pamberi paJehovha vasine chinhu.”—16:16.

21. Mitemoi inopiwa ine chokuita neruramisiro, uye Mosesi anotaura uporofitai hunokosha?

²¹ (2) Ruramisiro, hurumende, uye hondo (16:18–20:20). Kutanga, Mosesi anopa mitemo inotapura vatongi navakuru vakuru. Ruramisiro ndichinhu chinokosha, fufuro norutongeso rwakashata zvichiva zvinonyangadza kuna Jehovha. Miitiro mukusimbisa ufakazi nokutarisira mhaka dzapamutemo zvinorongwa. “Pakupupura kwezvapupu zviviri kana kuti kwezvapupu zvitatu munhu anofa anofanira kuurawa.” (17:6, NW) Mitemo inotaurwa pamusoro pamadzimambo. Gadziriro inoitwa nokuda kwavaprista navaRevhi. Kudavira midzimu kunorambidzwa so“kunonyangadza kuna Jehovha.” (18:12) Achitarira kure munguva yemberi, Mosesi anozivisa, kuti: “Jehovha Mwari wako uchakumutsira muporofita, unobva pakati pako, pahama dzako, wakafanana neni; unofanira kumuteerera iye.” (18:15-19, NW) Zvisinei, muporofita wenhema anofanira kufa. Ichi chikamu chinopfiga nemitemo inoreva nezvamaguta outiziro uye kutsiviwa kweropa, pamwe chete nezvikwaniriso zvokuhesvurwa kuhondo uye mirau yehondo.

22. Mitemo inodzora nhaui dzavanhu nedzenzanga inokurukurwa?

²² (3) Upenyu hwavanhu nohwenzanga (21:1–26:19). Mitemo inotapura upenyu hwezuva riri rose hwavaIsraeri inoratidzirwa pamusoro penhau dzakadai somunhu anowanwa akauraiwa, roorano navakadzi vakatapwa, kodzero yedangwe, mwanakomana anopanduka, kuturikwa kwetsotsi padanda, ufakazi hworucheno, mhaka dzevatano, kuchekwa, vanakomana vasiri vapamutemo, kubatwa kwavokumwe, utsanana, kubhadharwa kwemhindu nemhiko, chatanuro, kunyerudza, mingava, mibhadharo, uye matsangudzwa okukohwa. Ganhuriro yokurova munhu inofanira kuva kurova kune 40. Nzombe haifaniri kusungwa muromo ichingunopura. Muitiro weroorano yomuramu inoratidzirwa. Zviyero zvakarurama zvinofanira kushandiswa, nokuti kusaruramisira kunonyangadza kuna Jehovha.

23. Mosesi anoratidzei chichava muuyo apo vanhu vaMwari vanoteerera mirayiro Yake?

²³ Asati agumisa iyi hurukuro yorushingairo, Mosesi anoyeuka kuti Amereki akauraya sei vaIsraeri vasine simba kubvira mushure sezvavakatiza Egipita, uye Mosesi anorayira Israeri ku“bvisa kududzwa kwaAmareki pasi pamatenga.” (25:19, NW) Apo ivo vanopinda munyika, vanofanira kupa zvibereko zvokutanga zvevhu nokufara, uye vanofanirawo kupa zvegumi nomunyengetero wokuonga kuna Jehovha: “Dotarirai muri pahugaro hwenyu hutsvene, pakudenga, muropafadze vanhu venyu Israeri, nenyika yamakatipa, sezvamakapikira madzibaba edu, nyika inoyerera mukaka nouchi.” (26:15) Kana vakaita iyi mirayiro nomwoyo wavo wose nomweya, Jehovha, iye amene, acha‘vaisa pamusoro pamamwe marudzi ose aakaita, kuchiguma nerumbidzo nomukurumbira norunako, apo ivo vanenge vachizvibvumikisa kuva rudzi rutsvene kuna Jehovha Mwari wavo, kungofanana nezvaakapikira.’—26:19.

24. Hurukuro yechitatu inogadza pamberi paIsraeri zvikomboreroi uye shurikidzo?

²⁴ Hurukuro yechitatu yaMosesi (27:1–28:68). Muna ikoku varume vakuru vaIsraeri navaprista vanobatanidzwa naMosesi sezvaanorondedzera kwenguva refu shurikidzo dzaJehovha nokuda kwokusateerera uye zvikomborero nokuda kwokutendeka. Nyevero dzakakomba dzinopiwa pamusoro pemigumisiro inotyisa yokusateerera. Kana Israeri sorudzi rwake rutsvene akaramba achiteerera inzwi raJehovha Mwari wavo, vachafarikanya zvikomborero zvinoshamisa, uye marudzi ose apasi achaona kuti zita raJehovha rinodanwa pavari. Zvisinei, kana vakakundikana muna ikoku, Jehovha achatuma pamusoro pavo “kutukwa, nyongano nokutsiurwa.” (28:20, NW) Vachaurawa nehosha inosemesa, nokusanaya kwemvura, uye nokurumwa nenzara; vavengi vavo vachavaronda ndokuvaisa muuranda, uye vachaparadzirwa ndokuparadzanywa munyika. Uku kutukwa, uye zvimwe, zvichawira pavari kana u“singachenjereri kuita mashoko ose omurayiro uyu, akanyorwa mubhuku iyi, kuti utye zita iri rinobwinya nerinotyisa, rinoti: Jehovha Mwari Wako.”—28:58.

25. (a) Jehovha zvino anoita sunganoi naIsraeri? (b) Mosesi anoisa pamberi pavanhu chisarudzoi?

²⁵ Hurukuro yechina yaMosesi (29:1–30:20). Jehovha zvino anoita sungano naIsraeri paMoabhi. Iyoyi inoumba Mutemo, sowakataurwazve uye wakatsanangurwa naMosesi, uchatungamirira Israeri sezvaanopinda muNyika Yechipikirwa. Mhiko yakakomba inova pamwe chete nesungano inojekesa mitoro yorudzi. Pakupedzisira, Mosesi anodana matenga napasi kupupurira sezvaanoisa pamberi porudzi upenyu norufu, chikomborero nokutukwa, uye anorayira, kuti: “Tsaura upenyu, kuti urarame, iwe navana vako; kuti ude Jehovha Mwari wako, nokuteerera inzwi rake, nokumunamatira; nokuti ndihwo upenyu hwako, nokuwanzwa kwamazuva ako; kuti ugare munyika yakapikira Jehovha madzibaba ako, Abrahama naIsaka naJakobho, kuti uchavapa iyo.”—30:19, 20.

26. Mosesi anoita gadziriroi dzokupedzisira asati afa?

²⁶ Kugadzwa kwaJoshua, uye rwiyo rwaMosesi (31:1–32:47). Ganhuro 31 rinorondedzera kuti, pashure pokunyora Mutemo nokupa mirayiridzo pamusoro pokuraviwa pamhene kwayo nguva dzose, Mosesi anogadza sei Joshua, achimuudza kuva akashinga naakasimba, uye ipapo kuti Mosesi anogadzirira sei rwiyo rwechirangaridzo ndokupedza kunyorwa kwamashoko oMutemo uye achiugadzirira kuti uiswe parutivi peareka yesungano yaJehovha. Pashure paikoko, Mosesi anotaura mashoko orwiyo kuungano yose sokurayira kwokupedzisira.

27. Ishokoi rine simba riri murwiyo rwaMosesi?

²⁷ Rwiyo rwaMosesi rwunotanga nomutoo wokuonga sei, ruchizivisa Manyuko anozorodza omurayiridzo wake! “Kudzidzisa kwangu kuchadonha semvura, kutaura kwangu kuchayerera sedova, seguti pabumhudza nyoro, sokupfunha kwemvura pauswa; nokuti ndichaparidza zita raJehovha.” Hungu, ipai ukuru kuna “Mwari wedu,” “Dombo.” (32:2-4) Zivisai mubato wake wakakwana, nzira dzake dzakarurama, uye kutendeka kwake, kururama, uye ururami. Kwakanga kuchinyadzisa kuti Israeri akaita nomutoo wakashata, kunyange zvazvo Jehovha akavakomberedza mugwenga risine chinhu, rinotyisa, achivataviridzira semboni yeziso rake uye achiyengerera pamusoro pavo segondo pamusoro pavana varo. Akaita kuti vanhu vake vakore, achivaidza kuti Jeshuruni, “Wakarurama,” vakamugodoresa navamwari vechienzi uye vakava “vana vasina kutendeka chose.” (32:20) Matsive namatsividzo ndezvaJehovha. Anouraya uye anoponesa. Apo anorodza munondo wake unon’animira uye ruoko rwake rwuchibatisisa parutongeso, zvirokwazvo achaita matsive kuvavengi vake. Ikoku kunofanira kukuchidzira chivimbo chakadini muvanhu vake! Sokureva kunoita rwiyo mumagumo, inguva yokuti “farai, imi marudzi, navanhu vake.” (32:43, NW) Inhetembwa yenyika yakadini ingambosvika runako rwakakwirira, simba uye udzame hwerevo yourwu rwiyo kuna Jehovha?

28. Jehovha anokudzwa sei muchikomborero chokupedzisira chaMosesi?

²⁸ Chikomborero chokupedzisira chaMosesi (32:48–34:12). Mosesi zvino anopiwa mirayiridzo yokupedzisira yorufu rwake, asi achigere kupedza basa rake routongi hwaMwari. Kutanga, anofanira kukomborera Israeri, uye mukuita ikoku, iye anokudzawo Jehovha, Mambo weJeshuruni, seanobuda nezviuru zvamazana matsvene ake. Kupfurikidza nezita ndudzi dzinogamuchira zvikomborero zveimwe neimwe, uye ipapo Mosesi anorumbidza Jehovha soMumwe akatanhamara: “Mwari usingaperi ndihwo hugaro hwako, pasi pako kuna maoko asingaperi.” (33:27) Kubva mumwoyo uzerwe nokuonga, ipapo iye anotaura mashoko ake okupedzisira kurudzi, achiti: “Israeri, iwe wakaropafadzwa; ndiani wakatodzana newe, rudzi rwakachengetwa naJehovha?”—33:29.

29. Mosesi akanga akatanhamara munzirai?

²⁹ Pashure pokuona Nyika Yechipikirwa ari paGomo reNebho, Mosesi anofa, uye Jehovha anomuviga muMoabhi, hwiro hwake husingazivikanwi uye husina kukudzwa kusvikira kuzuva rino. Akararama kusvikira pakuva namakore 120 ezera, asi “meso ake akanga achigere kuonera madzerere, nesimba rake rakanga richigere kuderera.” Jehovha akanga amushandisa kuita zviratidzo nezvishamiso zvikuru, uye sokushuma kunoita ganhuro rokupedzisira, pakanga pagere kumbo“muka muporofita muna Israeri akafanana naMosesi, uyo Jehovha aiziva chiso nechiso.”—34:7, 10, NW.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

30. Bhuku raDheuteronomio rinogovera sei mhedziso yakakodzera kuPentateuch?

³⁰ Sebhuku rinogumisa rePentateuch, bhuku raDheuteronomio rinobatanidza zvose zvapfuura kare mukuzivisa nokutsvenesa zita guru raJehovha Mwari. Iye oga ndiye Mwari, anoda kuzvipira kwapoga uye asingaregereri makwikwi anoitwa navamwari vamadhemoni okunamata kworudzidziso rwenhema. Muzuva rino, maKristu ose anofanira kupa ngwariro yokushingaira kunheyo huru dzinotsigira mutemo waMwari uye kumuteerera kuti vagova vakasununguka pashurikidzo yake sezvaanorodza munondo wake unon’animira nokuda kwokuitwa kwamatsive pavavengi vake. Murayiro wake mukurusa nowokutanga unofanira kuva nhungamiro inotungamirira muupenyu hwavo: “Ude Jehovha Mwari wako nomwoyo wako wose, nomweya wako wose, nesimba rako rose.”—6:5.

31. Mamwe magwaro akafuridzirwa anonokora sei mashoko mubhuku raDheuteronomio mukukudza kuonga nokuda kwezvinangwa zvaMwari?

³¹ Mamwe asara aMagwaro kazhinji kazhinji anonongedzera kubhuku raDheuteronomio kukudziridza kuonga nokuda kwechinangwa choumwari. Mukuwedzera kukunokora mashoko kwake mukupindura Muedzi, Jesu akaita dzimwe nongedzero zhinji. (Dheut. 5:16—Mat. 15:4; Dheut. 17:6—Mat. 18:16 uye Joh. 8:17) Idzodzi dzinopfuurira kusvikira muna Zvakazarurwa, umo Jesu akapiwa mbiri pakupedzisira anonyevera pamusoro pokuwedzera kana kuti kubvisa mumupumburu wamanyoro ouporofita hwaJehovha. (Dheut. 4:2—Zvak. 22:18) Petro anonokora mashoko mubhuku raDheuteronomio mukusimbisa chibvumikiso chake chine simba chokuti Jesu ndiKristu uye Muporofita mukuru zvikuru kupinda Mosesi uyo Jehovha akapikira kumutsa muna Israeri. (Dheut. 18:15-19—Mabasa 3:22, 23) Pauro anonokora mashoko maari nenongedzero kutuso nokuda kwamabasa, kupfurikidza nokufeya-feya pakupupurira kwezvapupu, uye nemirayiro yavana.—Dheut. 25:4—1 VaK. 9:8-10 uye 1 Tim. 5:17, 18; Dheut. 13:14 uye 19:15—1 Tim. 5:19 uye 2 VaK. 13:1; Dheut. 5:16—Eph. 6:2, 3.

32. Joshua, Gidheoni, uye vaporofita mienzaniso yakaisvonaka nokuda kwedu munzirai?

³² Handi vanyori bedzi vaMagwaro echiKristu asiwo vabatiri vaMwari vomunguva dzapamberi pechiKristu vakawana murayiridzo norukurudziro mubhuku raDheuteronomio. Tinoita zvakanaka kutevera muenzaniso wavo. Rangarira kuteerera kwakakwana kwomutsivi waMosesi, Joshua, mukupira maguta kuruparadziko mukati mokuvhozhokerwa kweKanani, asingatori zvakapambwa sezvakaita Akani. (Dheut. 20:15-18 uye 21:23—Josh. 8:24-27, 29) Kubvisa kwaGidheoni avo “vanotya uye vanodedera” muuto rake kwakanga kuri mukuteerera Mutemo. (Dheut. 20:1-9—Vat. 7:1-11) Kwakanga kuri nokuda kwokutendeka kumutemo waJehovha kuti vaporofita muna Israeri naJudha vakataura noutsungarari noushingi mukushurikidzwa kwokuwa pakutenda kwamarudzi. Amosi anogovera muenzaniso wakaisvonaka waikoku. (Dheut. 24:12-15—Amosi 2:6-8) Zvirokwazvo, kune mazana chaiwoiwo emienzaniso inobatanidza bhuku raDheuteronomio nerimwe rasara reShoko raMwari, nokudaro ndokuratidza kuti rutivi rwakakwana norwunobetsera rwetsinhirano yose.

33. (a) Bhuku raDheuteronomio rinokuchidzira sei rumbidzo kuna Jehovha? (b) Ndaza inova pamwe chete inoratidzirei pamusoro pokubvuma kwamarudzi nheyo dzomutemo waMwari?

³³ Revo imene yebhuku raDheuteronomio inopa rumbidzo kuna Changamire Mwari, Jehovha. Inosimbisa mose: ‘Namata Jehovha; mupe kuzvipira kwapoga.’ Kunyange zvazvo Mutemo usati uchasungazve pavaKristu, nheyo dzawo dzehwaro hadzina kugumiswa. (VaG. 3:19) VaKristu vechokwadi vanogona kudzidza sei mubhuku iri rine simba romutemo waMwari, rine dzidziso inofambira mberi, yapachokwadi, uye rupfave rwokupa! Chokwadi, kunyange marudzi enyika akabvuma kuisvonaka kwomutemo mukuru waJehovha, achinyora mizhinji yemirayiro yebhuku raDheuteronomio mumabhuku avo vamene omutemo. Ndaza inobatanidzwa inopa mienzaniso inofadza yemitemo yavakanga vatora kwairi kana kuti vashandisa senheyo.

34. Ibatanoi iripo pakati pouku “Kudzokororwa kwoMutemo” uye Umambo hwaMwari?

³⁴ Zvakare, uku kutsanangurwa kwoMutemo kunonongedzera uye kunosimudzira kunzwisiswa kwoUmambo hwaMwari. Kunodaro sei? Achingunoveri pasi pano Mambo Akasarudzwa, Jesu Kristu, akanga akarovedzana kwazvo nebhuku racho uye akarishandisa, sezvo nongedzero dzake dzounyanzvi kwariri dzichiratidza. Mukuparadzira utongi hwake hwoUmambo pamusoro papasi rose, iye achadzora mukuwirirana nenheyo dzakarurama dzouyu “mutemo” wakafanana, uye avo vose vanouya kuzozvikomborera vamene maari se“mbeu” yoUmambo vachatofanira kuteerera idzi nheyo. (Gen. 22:18; Dheut. 7:12-14) Kunobetsera uye kunoyamura kutanga kudziteerera zvino. Mukusiyana nokuva wechinyakare, uyu “mutemo” wava namakore 3 500 okuvapo unotaura kwatiri mumashoko ane simba, uye uchapfuurira kutaura kusvikira munyika itsva chaimo muUmambo hwaMwari. Zita raJehovha ngaripfuurire kuva rinotsveneswa pakati pavanhu vake mukushandiswa kwomurayiridzo unobetsera wePentateuch, iyo inosvika mugumo wayo une mbiri zvikuru mubhuku raDheuteronomio—zvirokwazvo rutivi rwakafuridzirwa uye runokuchidzira rwo“Rugwaro rwose”!

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Chati iri papeji 41]

MIMWE MIENZANISO YAPAMUTEMO IRI MUBHUKU RADHEUTERONOMIOd

I. Mitemo yomunhu oga neyemhuri Maganhuro neNdima

A. Ukama hwomunhu oga

1. Vabereki navana 5:16

2. Ukama hweroorano 22:30; 27:20, 22, 23

3. Mitemo yechatanuro 22:13-19, 28, 29

B. Maruramiro epfuma 22:1-4

II. Mitemo yehurumende

B. Mitemo yehondo

2. Vakuru vakuru vaduku 20:9

III. Vatongi

A. Misengwa yavatongi 16:18, 20

B. Dare rapamusoro nokukwirira mhaka 17:8-11

IV. Mitemo yemhaka

A. Mhaka dzokumukira hurumende

1. Fufuro, kushatsa ruramisiro 16:19, 20

2. Mhaka yokupikira nhema 5:20

B. Mhaka dzokuputsa tsika

1. Upombwe 5:18; 22:22-24

2. Roorano isiri yapamutemo 22:30; 27:20, 22, 23

C. Mhaka dzokurwisana nomunhu

1. Kuponda nokudenha 5:17; 27:24

2. Kubata chibharo nenyengedzo 22:25-29

V. Mitemo yomutsa

A. Tsitsi kumhuka 25:4; 22:6, 7

[Mashoko Omuzasi]