1. (a) Neiko bhuku raRute richipfuura kungovawo zvaro nhau yorudo? (b) Kududzwai chaiko kunopiwa Rute muBhaibheri?

BHUKU raRute mutambo unofadza unobudira munhau yakaisvonaka yorudo rwaBhoazi naRute. Zvisinei, hausati uchingovawo zvawo womufaro worudo. Chinangwa chacho hachisati chiri chokuvarayidza. Bhuku rinosimbisa chinangwa chaJehovha chokubudisa mudyi wenhaka woUmambo, uye rinosimudzira mutsa worudo. (Rute 1:8; 2:20; 3:10) Vara rinokosha rorudo rwaJehovha rinoonwa mukusarudza muMoabhikadzi, aichimbova munamati wamwari wechihedheni Kemoshi, uyo akatendeukira kurudzidziso rwechokwadi, kuti ave teteguru vaJesu Kristu. Rute ndimumwe wavakadzi vana vanodudzwa nezita mumutsara wedzinza unobva kuna Abrahama kusvikira kuna Jesu. (Mat. 1:3, 5, 16) Rute, pamwe chete naEstere, ndivamwe vavakadzi vaviri vane mazita akatumidzwa mabhuku eBhaibheri.

2. Zviitiko zvebhuku raRute zvakaitika rini, bhuku rakanyorwa rini, uye nani?

² “Zvino kwakaitika kuti mumazuva apo vatongi vaitonga mururamisiro . . . ” Naaya mashoko okuzarura nawo, bhuku raRute rinopinda munhoroondo yaro inofadza. Kubva muna aya mashoko kunonzwisisika kuti bhuku rimene rakanyorwa gare gare, munguva yamadzimambo aIsraeri. Zvisinei, zviitiko zvine chokuita nebhuku zvakafukidza nhambo yamakore anenge 11 munguva yavatongi. Kunyange zvazvo zita romunyori risingataurwi, sezvinobvira zvikuru akanga ari Samueri, uyo anoonekawo kuve akanyora Vatongi uye uyo akanga ari munhu akatendeka akatanhamara pakuvamba kwenhambo yamadzimambo. Sezvo ndima dzokugumisa dzichiratidzira kuti Dhavhidhi akanga achitova akatanhamara, ikoku kungaisa kunyora panenge pana 1090 B.C.E. Samueri, akanga akasanorovedzana nechipikirwa chaJehovha che“shumba” inobva mundudzi yaJudha, uye uyo akanga ashandiswa naJehovha mukuzodza Dhavhidhi wendudzi yaizova mambo muna Israeri, aizova anofarira zvikurukuru mukuita chinyorwa chomutsara wedzinza kusvikira kuna Dhavhidhi.—Gen. 49:9, 10; 1 Sam. 16:1, 13; Rute 1:1, NW; 2:4; 4:13, 18-22.

3. Maidii anosimbisa kuva mundaza yamanyoro matsvene kwebhuku raRute?

³ Chiremera chorugwaro rwaRute hachina kutongodenhwa. Simbiso yakakwana yacho yakapiwa apo Jehovha akafuridzira kurongwa kwaRute mumutsara wedzinza waJesu pana Mateo 1:5. Bhuku raRute ranguve richizivikanwa navaJudha sorutivi rwamagwaro echiHebheru. Hakushamisi, ipapoka, kuti zvimedu zvebhuku zvakawanwa pakati pamamwe mabhuku amagwaro muMipumburu yeGungwa Rakafa zvakawanwa kutangira muna 1947. Zvakare, bhuku raRute rinotsinhirana zvakakwana nezvinangwa zvoUmambo zvaJehovha pamwe chete nezvinodikanwa zvoMutemo waMosesi. Kunyange zvazvo kuroorana navaKanani vanonamata zvidhori navaMoabhi kwakanga kuchirambidzwa kuna vaIsraeri, ikoku hakuna kubvisa vokumwe vakadai saRute akagamuchira kunamatwa kwaJehovha. Mubhuku raRute, mutemo wokutengazve uye kuchata nomuramu zvinochengetwa muudzame hwawo hwose.—Dheut. 7:1-4; 23:3, 4; 25:5-10.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RARUTE

4. Chisarudzoi chinonangana naRute, uye chisarudzo chake chinoratidzirei pamusoro pechimiro chake chokunamata?

⁴ Chisarudzo chaRute chokunamatira kuna Naome (1:1-22). Nhau inotanga mukati momwaka wokuruma kwenzara muna Israeri. Mumwe murume weBheterehema, Erimereki, anoyambuka Joridhani nomudzimai wake, Naome, uye vanakomana vaviri, Maroni naKirioni, kuti vandogara kwenguva yakati munyika yeMoabhi. Ikoko vanakomana vanoroora vakadzi veMoabhi, Orpa naRute. Ngwavaira inoparadzanisa boka remhuri, kutanga norufu rwababa, uye gare gare norufu rwavanakomana vaviri. Vakadzi vatatu vasina vana, chirikadzi vanosara, vasina mbeu yaErimereki. Vachinzwa kuti Jehovha watendeudzirazve ngwariro yake kuna Israeri kupfurikidza nokupa vanhu vake zvokudya, Naome anosarudza kuita rwendo rwokudzokera kunyika yokwake Judha. Varoora vanotanga rwendo naye. Naome anoteterera kwavari kuti vadzoke kuMoabhi, achikumbira mutsa worudo waJehovha mukuvagovera varume vanobva muvanhu vokwavo vamene. Pakupedzisira Orpa “akadzokera kuvanhu vokwake nokuna vamwari vake,” asi Rute, wapachokwadi uye akasimba mukutendeukira kwake kukunamatwa kwechokwadi kwaJehovha, anonamatira kuna Naome. Chisarudzo chake chinoratidzirwa zvakaisvonaka muna mashoko, anoti: “Pamunoenda ini ndichaendawo, uye pamunovata ini ndichavatawo. Vanhu vokwenyu vachavawo vanhu vokwangu, uye Mwari wenyu uchava Mwari wangu. Pamunofira ini ndichafirapowo, uye ipapo ndipo apo ini ndichavigwa. Jehovha ngaaite kudaro kwandiri ndokuwedzera kwakuri kana chinhu chipi nechipi kunze kworufu chikaparadzanisa ini nemi.” (1:15-17, NW) Zvisinei, Naome chirikadzi uye asina mwana, ane zita rinoreva kuti “Mufaro Wangu,” anozvikarakadzira amene zita rokuti Mara, kureva “Zvinovava Zvikuru.”

5. Rute anoratidzira mavarai akaisvonaka, uye Bhoazi anomukurudzira sei?

⁵ Rute Anounganidza mumunda waBhoazi (2:1-23). Pakusvika muBheterehema Rute anowana bvumiro yaNaome yokuunganidza mukukohwiwa kwebhari. Bhoazi, mwene womunda, muJudha akwegura uye hama yapedyo yavatezvara vake, Erimereki, anomucherekedza. Kunyange mutemo waMwari uchimubvumira kodzero dzomuunganidzi, Rute anoratidza unyoro kupfurikidza nokukumbira bvumiro yokushanda mumunda. (Revh. 19:9, 10) Ikoku kunobvumirwa nyore nyore, uye Bhoazi anomuudza kuunganidza bedzi mumunda make nemhandara dzake. Achitaura kuti iye akanzwa nezvomufambiro wake wakavimbika kuna Naome, anomukurudzira naaya mashoko: “Jehovha ngaatuse nzira yaunoita nayo zvinhu, uye ngapave nomubayiro wakakwana nokuda kwako unobva kuna Jehovha Mwari waIsraeri, uyo wawakauya kuzotsvaka utiziro pasi pamapapiro ake.” (Rute 2:12, NW) Madekwana iwawo Rute nomutoo worupo anogoverana zvibereko zvomubato wake naNaome uye anotsanangura kuti rubudiriro rwake mukuunganidza rwuri nokuda kwenyasha dzaBhoazi. Naome anoona muna ikoku ruoko rwaJehovha, achiti: “Ngaakomborerwe naJehovha, uyo asina kusiya mutsa wake worudo kuvapenyu navakafa. . . . Tine ukama nomurume wacho. Ndiye mumwe wavadzikinuri vedu.” (2:20, NW) Hungu, Bhoazi ihama yapedyo, uyo anogona pamutemo kumutsa vana nokuda kwaNaome muzita romushakabvu Erimereki. Rute anopfuurira kuunganidza muminda yaBhoazi kutozosvikira kukohwiwa kwebhari nokukohwiwa kwegorosi kwapera.

6. Rute anokumbira sei roorano inoitwa kupfurikidza nokudzikinura, uye idavidzoi inoita Bhoazi?

⁶ Bhoazi, somudzikinuri, anoroora Rute (3:1–4:22). Iye amene zvaakanga anyanyokura zvokusagona kubereka vana, Naome zvino anorayiridza Rute kumutsiva muroorano kupfurikidza nomudzikinuri. Pamwaka wakadaro unokosha, wakanga uri muitiro kuti muzvinamunda iye pachake atarisire kuurutswa kwezviyo, uko kwaiitwa mumadekwana nokuda kwokubata mhepo inofefedza yaivhuvhuta pashure pezuva rinopisa. Bhoazi aizove avete paburiro, uye ndipo apo Rute anomuwana. Anouya chinyararire kwaari, anomufukura tsoka dzake, ndokuvata pasi. Pakumuka kwake pakati pousiku, anozvizivisa amene uye, muwirirano nomuitiro wetsika unoteverwa navakadzi pakutaura kodzero yokuroorwa nomuramu, anokumbira kuti iye amufukidze nenguo yake.a Bhoazi anozivisa kuti, “Komborerwa naJehovha, mwanasikana wangu,” uye anomurumbidza nokuda kwokusatevera majaya nokuda kworuchiva kana kuti makaro. Mukusiyana zvikuru nokuva uyo aizoita chikarakadziro choukama husina kuchena, Rute anoita mukurumbira so“mukadzi akaisvonaka.” (3:10, 11, NW) Zvisinei, sezvo zvino iye anomuudza, panomumwe mudzikinuri ano ukama hwapedyo zvikuru kupfuura iye amene; achakurukura naiyeyu mangwanani. Rute anoramba avete kutsoka dzake kusvikira mangwanani-ngwanani kwoedza. Ipapo anomupa chipo chezviyo, uye iye anodzokera kuna Naome, uyo anobvunza nomwoyo wose pamusoro pomugumisiro.

7. Bhoazi anokurukura sei roorano, uye chikomboreroi chinovapo somugumisiro?

⁷ Bhoazi anofumokwira kusuo reguta kundotsvaka mudzikinuri. Achitora varume vane gumi vavarume vakuru veguta sezvapupu, anopa iyi hama yapedyo mukana wokutanga wokudzikinura zvose zvakanga zviri zvaErimereki. Achaita ikoku here? Mhinduro yake yapakarepo ndihungu apo kunoratidzika kuti anogona kuwedzera pfuma yake. Zvisinei, apo iye anoziva nezvechinodikanwa chokuti iye anofanira kuroorana nomuramu Rute, anova anotyira nhaka yake amene uye ipapo anoratidzira pamutemo kuramba kwake kupfurikidza nokubvisa shangu yake. Muchinyorwa cheBhaibheri anoramba asina zita, achiwana bedzi kududzwa kusingakudzi kwakadai sokuti “Nyakuti nanyakuti.” Pamberi pezvapupu zvimwe chetezvo, Bhoazi ipapo anodzikinura Rute somudzimai wake. Kuri nokuda kwechikonzero choudyire hupi nohupi here? Aiwa, asi kuti “zita romunhu akafa rigorega kurova.” (4:1, 10, NW) Vacherekedzi vose vanokumbira chikomborero chaJehovha pane iyi gadziriro yorudo, uye zvamazvirokwazvo chikomborero ichecho chinobvumikisa sei kuva chinoshamisa! Rute anoberekera Bhoazi mwanakomana muukweguru hwake, uye Naome anova mureri womwana. Iye anonzi “mwanakomana . . . waNaome” uye anotumidzwa kuti Obhedhi.—4:17, NW.

8. Chiizve chinoratidzira kuti kubudiswa kweMbeu yechipikirwa kunoitwa negadziriro yaJehovha?

⁸ Ndima dzokupfiga dzebhuku raRute dzinopa mutsara wedzinza unovambira pana Perezi, kupfurikidza naBhoazi, kuna Dhavhidhi. Vamwe vatsoropodzi vakaita nharo kuti hazvisati zviri zvizvarwa zvose zvakarongwa, sezvo nhambo yenguva yakanyanyokura nokuda kwavanhu vashomanene kudaro. Ikoku ichokwadi here? Kana kuti mumwe nomumwe akakomborerwa nenduramo huru uye nomwanakomana muukweguru hwake here? Mhedziso yapashure inogona kuva yakarurama, inosimbisa kuti kubudiswa kweMbeu yakapikirwa kwakaitika kupfurikidza negadziriro nomutsa usakafanira zvaJehovha, uye kwete kupfurikidza nesimba romuzvarirwo romunhu. Padzimwe nhambo Jehovha akashandisa simba rake nenzira yakafanana, sokukuberekwa kwaIsaka, Samueri, uye Johane Mubhapatidzi.—Gen. 21:1-5; 1 Sam. 1:1-20; Ruka 1:5-24;, 57-66.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

9. Vanhu vanokosha vari mumutambo webhuku raRute mienzaniso yakaisvonaka munzirai nokuda kwedu?

⁹ Ichi chinyorwa chinofadza chinobetsera zvirokwazvo, chinobetsera vadi vokururama kuvaka kutenda kwakasimba. Vanhu vanokosha vose vari mune uyu mutambo unofadza vakaratidza kutenda kwakatanhamara muna Jehovha, uye ivo “vakapupurirwa nokutenda.” (VaH. 11:39, NW) Vakava mienzaniso yakaisvonaka nokuda kwedu nhasi. Naome akaratidzira chivimbo chikuru mutsitsi dzorudo dzaJehovha. (Rute 1:8; 2:20) Rute nokudisa akasiya nyika yokwake kuti aronde kunamatwa kwaJehovha; akazvibvumikisa amene kuva akavimbika naanozviisa pasi, pamwe chete nomushandi anodisa. Kwakanga kuri kunzwisisa kukurusa kwaBhoazi mutemo waJehovha nebvumiro yake yokuzvininipisa mukuita kuda kwaJehovha, pamwe chete norudo rwake nokuda kwaNaome akatendeka uye Rute anobishaira, kwakamuita kuti aite ropafadzo yake yeroorano kupfurikidza nokudzikinura.

10. Neiko chinyorwa chiri mubhuku raRute chichifanira kusimbisa chivimbo chedu muzvipikirwa zvoUmambo?

¹⁰ Gadziriro yaJehovha yeroorano, uye mune ichi chiitiko roorano kupfurikidza nokudzikinura, yakashandiswa mukukudzwa kwake. Jehovha akanga ari Murongedzeri weroorano yaBhoazi naRute, uye akaikomborera mukuwirirana nomutsa wake worudo; akaushandisa somutoo wokuchengeta mutsara waJudha usingaputsiki unotungamirira kuna Dhavhidhi uye pakupedzisira kuna Dhavhidhi Mukuru Zvikuru, Jesu Kristu. Ngwariro yokurinda yaJehovha mukubudisa Mudyi weNhaka woUmambo mukuwirirana negadziriro yake yapamutemo inofanira kusimbisa vimbiso yedu ndokuita kuti titarire nechivimbo kuzadziko yezvipikirwa zvose zvoUmambo. Inofanira kutinyandura kuva vakabatikana mubasa rokukohwa romuzuva razvino uno, tine chivimbo chomubayiro wakakwana unobva kuna Jehovha, Mwari waIsraeri womudzimu, ane ‘mapapiro atakauya kuzotsvaka utiziro’ pasi pawo uye ane zvinangwa zvoUmambo zviri kuenderera mberi nomutoo une mbiri zvikuru kuzadziko yazvo yakakwana. (2:12) Bhuku raRute ndichimwe chibatanidzo chinokosha chiri muchinyorwa chinotungamirira kuUmambo ihwohwo!

Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 9—1 Samueri

Vanyori: Samueri, Gadhi, Natani

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Israeri

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: Munenge muna 1078 B.C.E.

Nguva Yakafukidzwa: Munenge muna 1180–1078 B.C.E.

1. Ichinjoi huru mukurongwa kworudzi rwaIsraeri yakasvika muna 1117 B.C.E., uye mamiriroi ezvinhu aizotevera pashure pacho?

MUGORE ra1117 B.C.E., makava nechinjo huru mukurongwa kworudzi rwaIsraeri. Mambo womunhu akagadzwa! Ikoku kwakaitika apo Samueri akanga achibatira somuporofita waJehovha muna Israeri. Kunyange zvazvo Jehovha akanga afanokuziva ndokufanokutaura, zvisinei chinjo kuna mambo, sezvakadikanwa navanhu vaIsraeri, yakasvika sechiito chinokatyamadza kuna Samueri. Kunyange zvazvo iye akanga ave akazvipira kubasa raJehovha kubvira pakuberekwa, uye kunyange zvazvo iye akanga akazadzwa nokubvuma kwokuremekedza kuva mambo kwaJehovha, Samueri akafanoona migumisiro ine ngwavaira nokuda kwemitezo biyake yorudzi rutsvene rwaMwari. Samueri akatera kuzvikumbiro zvavo bedzi panhungamiro yaJehovha. “Zvino Samueri akaudza vanhu tsika dzoushe, akadzinyora mubhuku, akazvichengeta pamberi paJehovha.” (1 Sam. 10:25) Nokudaro nhambo yavatongi yakasvika mugumo, uye nhambo yamadzimambo avanhu yakavamba iyo yaizoona Israeri achimukira kusimba risingaenzaniswi nomukurumbira, kuzongondowira bedzi pakupedzisira mukunyadziswa nokubviswa munyasha dzaJehovha.

2. Ndivanaani vakanyora bhuku raSamueri Rokutanga, uye zvii zvakanga zviri zvikwaniriso zvavo?

² Ndianiko aizokwanirisa kuti aite chinyorwa choumwari cheiyi nhambo huru? Nomutoo wakakodzera, Jehovha akasarudza Samueri akatendeka kuti atange kunyora. Samueri rinoreva kuti “Zita raMwari,” uye iye akanga ari zvirokwazvo akatanhamara somutsigiri wezita raJehovha mumazuva iwawo. Kunoratidzika kuti Samueri akanyora maganhuro 24 okutanga ebhuku racho. Ipapo, parufu rwake, Gadhi naNatani vakatanga kunyora, vachipedzisa makore okupedzisira mashomanene echinyorwa chacho kusvikira kurufu rwaSauro. Ikoku kunoratidzirwa na1 Makoronike 29:29 (NW), iyo inorava, kuti: “Kana ari mabasa aDhavhidhi mambo, okutanga neokupedzisira, akanyorwa pakati pamashoko aSamueri muoni uye pakati pamashoko aNatani muporofita uye pakati pamashoko aGadhi muoni wezviono.” Kusafanana naMadzimambo naMakoronike, mabhuku aSamueri anodokusatongoita nongedzero kuzvinyorwa zvapakuvamba zvikuru, uye nokudaro venhambo imweyo vaDhavhidhi Samueri, Gadhi, uye Natani vanosimbiswa savanyori. Vatatu vose vavarume ivava vaiva nenzvimbo dzokuvimbwa savaporofita vaJehovha uye vaishora kunamata zvidhori kwakanga kwasveta simba rorudzi.

3. (a) Bhuku raSamueri Rokutanga rakava sei bhuku reBhaibheri rakaparadzana? (b) Rakapedzwa rini, uye rinofukidza nhamboi?

³ Mabhuku maviri aSamueri pakuvamba akanga ari mupumburu mumwe, kana kuti vhoriyamu. Samueri akakamurwa kuva mabhuku maviri apo urwu rutivi rweSeptuagint yechiGiriki rwakabudiswa. MuSeptuagint, bhuku raSamueri Rokutanga rainzi Umambo Hwokutanga. Uku kukamurwa nezita rokuti bhuku raMadzimambo Rokutanga zvakagamuchirwa neVulgate yechiRatini uye zvinopfuurira mumaBhaibheri eKaturike kusvikira kuzuva rino. Kuti bhuku raSamueri Rokutanga neRechipiri pakuvamba aiumba bhuku rimwe kunoratidzwa mumanyoro eMasoretic anonongedzera kuna 1 Samueri 28:24, ayo anotaura kuti iyi ndima iri pakati pebhuku raSamueri. Bhuku racho rinoratidzika kuve rakapedzwa munenge muna 1078 B.C.E. Nokudaro bhuku raSamueri Rokutanga sezvinobvira rinofukidza nhambo yaanoti pfuurei zvishoma makore ane zana, kubvira munenge muna 1180 kusvikira ku1078 B.C.E.