Hero

Bhaibheri rinotaura here kuti vakafa vanorwadziwa?

Mup. 9:5, 10: “Vapenyu vanoziva kuti vachazofa; asi vakafa havana kana chavanoziva . . . Zvose zvinowana ruoko rwako kuti ruite, zviite nesimba rako rose, nokuti muSheori,* iyo nzvimbo yauri kuenda.” (Kana vasina chavanoziva, zviri pachena kuti havarwadziwi.) (*“Sheori,” BUS, RS, NE, JB; “guva,” KJ, Kx; “hero,” Dy; “nzvimbo yevashakabvu,” BR.)

Pis. 146:4: “Simba rake roupenyu rinobuda, iye odzokera kuivhu rake; nezuva iroro pfungwa* dzake dzinoparara.” (*“Pfungwa,” KJ, 145:4 muDy; “mazano,” BR; “mano,” BUS.)

Bhaibheri rinotaura here kuti mweya unopona panofa muviri?

Ezek. 18:4: “Mweya* unotadza—ndiwo uchafa.” (*“Mweya,” KJ, Dy, RS, BUS, Kx; “munhu,” BR.)

“Pfungwa yokuti ‘mweya,’ kureva mudzimu, chinhu chisina muviri, chakaparadzana ‘nomuviri,’ . . . Haiwanikwi muBhaibheri.”—La Parole de Dieu (Paris, 1960), Georges Auzou, purofesa weSacred Scripture, Rouen Seminary, France, peji 128.

“Kunyange zvazvo shoko rechiHebheru rokuti nefesh [muMagwaro echiHebheru] richiwanzoshandurwa kuti ‘mweya,’ zvaisazova zvakarurama kuripa revo yechiGiriki. Nefesh . . . haimbonzi inorarama isina muviri. MuTestamende Itsva shoko rechiGiriki rokuti psyche rinowanzoshandurwa kuti ‘mweya’ asi zvakare harifaniri kunzwisiswa kuti rive nerevo yaraipiwa nevazivi vechiGiriki. Rinowanzoreva ‘upenyu,’ kana kuti ‘simba,’ kana kuti, dzimwe nguva, ‘munhu pachake.’”—The Encyclopedia Americana (1977), Vol. 25, peji 236.

Vanhu vorudzii vanoenda kuhero inotaurwa nezvayo muBhaibheri?

Bhaibheri rinotaura here kuti vakaipa vanoenda kuhero?

Pis. 9:17, KJ: “Vanhu vakaipa vachadzokera kuhero,* uye marudzi ose anokanganwa Mwari.” (*“Hero,” 9:18 muDy; “rufu,” TEV; “nzvimbo yevakafa,” BR; “Sheori,” BUS, RS, NE, JB, NW.)

Bhaibheri rinotiwo vakarurama vanoenda kuhero here?

Job. 14:13, Dy: “[Jobho akanyengetera kuti:] Ndiani angandiitira izvi, kuti imi mundidzivirire muhero,* uye mundivanze kusvikira kutsamwa kwenyu kwapera, uye munditemere nguva pamuchandiyeuka?” (Mwari pachake akati Jobho aiva “murume asina chaanopomerwa, akarurama, anotya Mwari uye anonzvenga zvakaipa.”—Job. 1:8.) (*“Guva,” KJ; “nzvimbo yevashakabvu,” BR; “Sheori,” BUS, RS, NE, JB, NW.)

Mab. 2:25-27, KJ: “Dhavhidhi akataura pamusoro pake [Jesu Kristu], . . . Nokuti hamungasiyi mweya wangu muhero,* hamuzoregi Mutsvene wenyu kuti aone kuora.” (Mwari zvaasina ‘kusiya’ Jesu muhero zvinoreva kuti Jesu akanga ari muhero, kana kuti Hadhesi, kwekanguva, handizvo here?) (*“Hero,” Dy; “rufu,” NE; “nzvimbo yevashakabvu,” BR; “nzvimbo yevafi,” BD; “Hadhesi,” BUS, ND, JB, NW.)

Pane munhu here anozombobuda muhero inotaurwa muBhaibheri?

Zvak. 20:13, 14, KJ: “Gungwa rakabudisa vaya vakafa vakanga vari mariri; uye rufu nehero* zvakabudisa vakafa vakanga vari mazviri; uye vakatongwa mumwe nomumwe maererano nemabasa ake. Rufu nehero zvakakandwa mugungwa romoto.” (Saka vakafa vachabudiswa muhero. Onawo kuti hero yakasiyana negungwa remoto asi hero ichakandwa mugungwa remoto.) (*“Hero,” Dy, Kx; “nzvimbo yevakafa” BR, BD; “Hadhesi,” ND, BUS, RS, JB, NW.)

Nei vanhu vasingawirirani pane zvinotaurwa neBhaibheri nezvehero?

“Kuvhiringidzika uye kusanzwisisa kwakawanda kwave kuchikonzerwa nevashanduri veBhaibheri vepakutanga vairamba vachishandura shoko rechiHebheru rokuti Sheori uye rechiGiriki rokuti Hadhesi uye Gehena vachishandisa shoko rokuti hero. Kungotora mashoko acho sezvaari kunoitwa nevashanduri vemaBhaibheri akadzokororwa hakuna kuita kuti vanhu vasavhiringidzika kana kuti vasanzwisisa zvisiri izvo.”—The Encyclopedia Americana (1942), Vol. XIV, peji 81.

Vashanduri vakashandura mashoko epakutanga maererano nezvavaidavira pane kuti varambe vachishandura mashoko emitauro yokutanga zvakafanana. Somuenzaniso: (1) King James Version inoshandura shoko rokuti she’ohlʹ kuti “hero,” “guva,” uye “gomba”; haiʹdes rinoshandurwa kuti “hero” uye “guva”; geʹen·na rinoshandurwawo kuti “hero.” (2) Today’s English Version inongotora shoko rokuti haiʹdes sezvariri kuti “Hadhesi” uye inorishandurawo kuti “hero” uye “nyika yevakafa.” Asi kunze kwokushandura shoko rokuti “hero” kubva pashoko rokuti haiʹdes inoshandisa shoko rimwe chete pakushandura geʹen·na. (3) The Jerusalem Bible rinongotora shoko rokuti haiʹdes sezvariri katanhatu, asi mune dzimwe ndima rinorishandura kuti “hero” uye “nyika yepasi.” Rinoshandurawo shoko rokuti geʹen·na kuti “hero,” sezvarinoita haiʹdes kaviri. Saka zvinorehwa nemashoko acho mumutauro wepakutanga zvakavhiringidzwa.

Vakaipa vacharangwa nokusingaperi here?

Mat. 25:46, BD: “Vachaenda mukurangwa kusingaperi [“kudimburwa,” Int; chiGiriki, koʹla·sin]:, vakarurama vachapinda muupenyu husingaperi.” (The Emphatic Diaglott inoti “kugurwa” pane kuti “kurangwa.” Mashoko omuzasi anoti: “Kolasin . . . rinotorwa pane rokuti kolazoo, rinoreva kuti, 1. Kugura; sokudimbura miti, kuchekerera. 2. Kudzivisa. . . . 3. Kutsiura, kuranga. Kugura upenyu hwemunhu, kana kuti kudzivisa kunoonekwa sokuranga;—ndosaka paine kushandiswa kwechitatu kwekufananidzira kweshoko racho. Revo huru ndiyo yakagamuchirwa nokuti inoenderana nezvinotaurwa pechipiri mumutsetse wacho, nokudaro zvichichengetedza simba nounaku hwechirungamutauro chokushandisa mashoko anopesana. Vakarurama vanoenda kuupenyu, vakaipa vanoenda kunogurwa, kana kuti kunofa. Ona 2 VaTesaronika 1:9.”)

2 VaT. 1:9, BUS: “Vacharohwa nokuparadzwa kusingaperi,* kuti vabve pamberi paShe, napakubwinya kwesimba rake.” (*“Kuparadzwa kusingaperi,” NAB, NE; “kurangwa kusingaperi,” Kx, Dy.)

Jud. 7, BD: “Saizvozvo Sodhoma neGomora nemamwe maguta akanga akaapoteredza, aiita upombwe hwomurume nomurume, ava, chiratidzo chokutongwa uku nokuti anotambura nokurangwa mumoto usingaperi.” (Moto wakaparadza Sodhoma neGomora wakadzima zviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura. Asi zvakaitwa nomoto iwoyo zvinongoramba zvichioneka; maguta acho haana kuzombovakwazve. Zvisinei, Mwari haana kungotonga maguta iwayo asi vanhu vakaipa vaigara imomo. Zvakaitika kwavari zvinotinyevera. Pana Ruka 17:29, Jesu anotaura kuti ‘vakaparadzwa’; Judha 7 inoratidza kuti vakaparadzwa nokusingaperi.)

‘Kurwadziswa nokusingaperi’ kunotaurwa muna Zvakazarurwa kunorevei?

Zvak. 14:9-11; 20:10, BD: “Ani naani anongonamata chikara chiya nomufananidzo wacho, nokugamuchira chiratidzo chacho pamhanza kana paruoko rworudyi, achanwa waini yehasha dzaMwari inodirwa mumukombe wokushatirwa kwake isina kutuvidzwa. Munhu iyeye achaona ndondo ari mumoto nomusarufa unobvira pamberi pengirozi neGwayana. Zvino hakuzovi nezororo siku nesikati nokuda kwokutsva [chiGiriki, basa·ni·smouʹ] zvokuti utsi hwacho hucharamba huchikwira rini narini. Izvi zvichaitika kune uyo anenge anamata chikara chiya nechifananidzo chacho nouya anenge aine chiratidzo chezita racho.” “Zvino Satani akambovanyengedza achakandwa mugomba remoto unotyisa kwazvo unobvira nesarufa, muya makakandwa chikara pamwe chete nomuprofita wenhema. Imomu ndimo mavachaona nhamo tsvuku siku nesikati kusvikira rini narini.”

Magwaro aya anotaura ‘nezvokutambudzwa’ kupi? Zvinokosha kuona kuti Zvakazarurwa 11:10 (BD) inotaura ‘nezvevaprofita vanotambudza vaya vanogara panyika.’ Kutambudzwa kwakadaro kunokonzerwa nokufumurwa zvinonyadzisa nemashoko anotaurwa nevaprofita ava. Pana Zvakazarurwa 14:9-11 (BD) vaya vanonamata ‘chikara chokufananidzira nomufananidzo wacho’ vanonzi ‘vachaona ndondo vari mumoto nomusarufa.’ Izvi hazvirevi kutambudzwa pashure pokunge vafa nokuti “vakafa havana chavanoziva.” (Mup. 9:5, BR) Saka chii chinoita kuti vatambure zvakadaro vachiri vapenyu? Mashoko anoziviswa nevashumiri vaMwari okuti vanhu vanonamata ‘chikara nomufananidzo wacho’ vachafa parufu rwechipiri, urwo runomiririrwa ‘negungwa rinopfuta moto nesarufa.’ Utsi hune chokuita nokuparadzwa kwavo nemoto hunokwira nokusingaperi nokuti kuparadzwa kwacho hakugumi uye hakuzokanganwiki. Zvakazarurwa 20:10 painoti Dhiyabhorosi ‘achatambudzwa nokusingaperi’ “mugomba remoto unotyisa kwazvo unobvira nesarufa,” izvozvo zvinorevei? Zvakazarurwa 21:8 (BUS) inotaura zvakajeka kuti “dziva rinopfuta moto nesarufa” ndirwo “rufu rwechipiri.” Saka ‘kutambudzwa’ kunoitwa Dhiyabhorosi nokusingaperi imomo kunoreva kuti haazosunungurwi; achapfigirwa nokusingaperi, murufu rusingaperi. Kushandiswa kweshoko rokuti ‘kutambudzwa’ (kubva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti baʹsa·nos) kunotiyeuchidza nezvokumwe kushandiswa kwaro pana Mateu 18:34, panoshandiswa shoko rimwe chete iroro rechiGiriki kune ‘murindi wejeri.’—BR, ED, NW.

‘Gehena romoto’ rakataurwa naJesu chii?

Gehena rinotaurwa ka12 muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki. Kashanu kane chokuita nemoto. Vashanduri vakashandura shoko rechiGiriki rokuti geʹen·nan tou py·rosʹ kuti “moto wehero” (KJ, Dy), “moto yehero” (NE), “gomba remoto” (AT), uye “moto yeGehena” (NAB).

Zvaiitika mariri: Mupata waHinomi (Gehena) waiva kunze kwemasvingo eJerusarema. Maiitwa zvokunamata zvidhori uye kubayira vana. Muzana remakore rokutanga, Gehena raishandiswa kupisira marara omuJerusarema. Zvitunha zvemhuka zvaikandwa mumupata wacho kuti zvitsve nemoto, waiiswa sarufa kuitira kuti zvinyatsotsva. Uyewo zvitunha zvevanhu vaipara mhosva vainge vaurayiwa vainzi vakanga vasina kukodzera kuvigwa muguva, zvaikandwa muGehena. Saka, pana Mateu 5:29, 30, Jesu akataura ‘nezvokukandwa kwemuviri’ womunhu muGehena. Kana mutumbi wacho waidonhera mumoto wairamba uchibvira waitsva, asi kana waidonhera padivi pegomba racho rakadzika, nyama yaiora yaizodyiwa nemahwemisi kana kuti nemakonye. (Mako 9:47, 48) Vanhu vapenyu vakanga vasingakandwi muGehena; saka yakanga isiri nzvimbo yokutambudzira vanhu vachiziva.

Pana Mateu 10:28, Jesu akanyevera vanhu vaimuteerera kuti “ityai iye anogona kuparadza mweya nomuviri muGehena.” Izvi zvinorevei? Ona kuti pano hapataurwi nezvokutambudzwa mumoto weGehena; asi, anotaura kuti “ityai iye anogona kuparadza mweya nomuviri muGehena.” Nokutaura nezve“mweya” uri woga, pano Jesu anotaura kuti Mwari anogona kuparadza zvose zvinotarisirwa nomunhu muupenyu; nokudaro hapana tariro yokuti achamutswa. Saka, magwaro anotaura ‘nezveGehena remoto’ anoreva zvakafanana ‘negungwa remoto’ romuna Zvakazarurwa 21:8, kureva kuparadzwa, “rufu rwechipiri.”

Bhaibheri rinoti mubayiro wechivi chii?

VaR. 6:23: “Mubayiro wechivi ndirwo rufu.”

Pashure pokunge munhu afa, anenge achiri kufanira kurangirwa zvivi zvake here?

VaR. 6:7: “Uya anenge afa asunungurwa pachivi chake.”

Kutambudzwa nokusingaperi kwevanhu vakaipa kunoenderana here nounhu hwaMwari?

Jer. 7:31: “[VaJudha vakatsauka pakutenda] vakavaka nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeTofeti, iri mumupata womwanakomana waHinomu, kuti vapise vanakomana vavo nevanasikana vavo mumoto, chinhu chandakanga ndisina kuvarayira uye chakanga chisina kuuya mumwoyo mangu.” (Kana chinhu chakadaro chisina kumbouya mumwoyo maMwari, zvechokwadi haana chinhu chakadaro uye haachishandisi pamwero mukuru.)

Kuenzanisira: Waizotii nezvomubereki anoisa ruoko rwemwana wake pamoto achirangira mwana wacho zvaanenge akanganisa? “Mwari rudo.” (1 Joh. 4:8) Aizoita zvisingaitwi nomubereki ane pfungwa dzinoshanda zvakanaka here? Kwete!

Paakataura nezvomupfumi naRazaro, Jesu akadzidzisa nezvokutambudzwa kwevakaipa here pashure pokunge vafa?

Nhoroondo iri pana Ruka 16:19-31 ndeyechokwadi here kana kuti kunongova kufananidzira chimwe chinhu? Mashoko omuzasi muThe Jerusalem Bible anoti uyu “mufananidzo wakaita senyaya asi pasingataurwi nezvomunhu chero upi zvake akamborarama.” Kana ikatorwa sezvairi, nhoroondo yacho ingareva kuti vaya vanofarirwa naMwari vanokwana vose pachipfuva chomunhu mumwe chete, Abrahamu; mvura iri panoperera munwe haizoomeswi nemoto weHadhesi; donhwe remvura rinogona kutonhodza munhu ari kutambura kuHadhesi ikoko. Izvozvo zvine musoro here kwauri? Dai zvakanga zviri izvozvo chaizvo, zvaizopesana nezvimwe zvinotaurwa muBhaibheri. Kana Bhaibheri richizvipokanidza iro pacharo, munhu anoda chokwadi aizorishandisa pakunamata kwake here? Asi Bhaibheri harizvipokanidzi.

Mufananidzo wacho unorevei? “Mupfumi” wacho anomiririra vaFarisi. (Ona ndima 14.) Mupemhi ainzi Razaro aimiririra vaJudhawo zvavo vaitarisirwa pasi nevaFarisi asi vaipfidza vachiva vateveri vaJesu. (Ona Ruka 18:11; Johani 7:49; Mateu 21:31, 32.) Kufa kwavo kwaivawo kwokufananidzira, kuchireva kuchinja kwemamiriro ezvinhu. Nokudaro, vaya vakanga vambozvidzwa vakatanga kufarirwa naMwari, uye vaya vaimboita sevaifarirwa naMwari vakarambwa, uku vachitambudzwa nemashoko okutonga aipiwa nevaya vavakanga vazvidza.—Mab. 5:33; 7:54.

Dzidziso yemoto wehero yakabva kupi?

Mudzidziso dzekare dzeBhabhironi neAsiriya “nyika yepasi . . . Inoratidzwa senzvimbo izere zvinotyisa uye inotongwa navanamwari nemadhimoni ane simba guru uye anotyisa kwazvo.” (The Religion of Babylonia and Assyria, Boston, 1898, Morris Jastrow, Jr., peji 581) Uchapupu hwepakutanga hwemoto muhero yechiKristudhomu hunowanikwa muchitendero cheIjipiti yekare. (The Book of the Dead, New Hyde Park, N.Y., 1960, rine sumo yakanyorwa naE. A. Wallis Budge, mapeji 144, 149, 151, 153, 161) ChiBhudha icho chakatanga muzana remakore rechitanhatu B.C.E., chakazosvika pakudzidzisa nezvehero inopisa neinotonhora. (The Encyclopedia Americana, 1977, Vol. 14, peji 68) Mifananidzo yehero inoratidzwa mumachechi eRoma Katurike kuItaly yakanzi yakatangira kuvaEtruria.—La civiltà etrusca (Milan, 1979), Werner Keller, peji 389.

Asi dzidziso iyi inozvidza Mwari yakatanga kare kare. Pfungwa youtsinye ine chokuita nehero yokutambudzira vanhu inochera Mwari uye yakatanga nomucheri mukuru waMwari (Dhiyabhorosi, zita rinoreva “Mucheri”), uyo akanzi naJesu Kristu “baba venhema.”—Joh. 8:44.