Chitsauko 13

Madzimambo Maviri Ari Kurwa

1, 2. Nei tichifanira kufarira uprofita hwakanyorwa muna Dhanieri chitsauko 11?

MADZIMAMBO maviri anokwikwidzana ari kurwira ukuru nesimba rose. Makore sezvaanopfuura, wokutanga, kwozouya mumwe wacho, anotonga. Pane dzimwe nguva, mumwe mambo anotonga ari mukuru mumwe wacho akati zii, uye pane nguva dzavasingarwi. Asi ipapo imwe hondo inomuka kamwe kamwe, uye kurwa kunopfuurira. Pakati pevari munyaya iyi pave pana Mambo weSiria Seleucus I Nicator, Mambo weEgipita Ptolemy Lagus, Mukadzi wemuchinda weSiria naMambokadzi weEgipita Cleopatra I, Madzimambo eRoma Augusto naTibherio, naMambokadzi wePalmyra Zenobia. Sezvo kurwa kwacho kunosvika pedyo nokuguma, Nazi Germany, nyika dzechiKomonisiti, Simba reNyika reBritain neAmerica, League of Nations, neSangano Romubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose dzabatanidzwawo. Mugumo wacho inguva isingazikanwi nevose vezvamatongerwe enyika ava. Ngirozi yaJehovha yakazivisa uprofita hunofadza uhwu kumuprofita Dhanieri anenge makore 2 500 akapfuura.—Dhanieri, chitsauko 11.

² Dhanieri anofanira kuve akafara sei kunzwa ngirozi ichimuwadzanyurira kurwisana kwemadzimambo maviri aizouya! Nyaya yacho tinoifarirawo, nokuti kurwira simba kwemadzimambo maviri acho kunosvika muzuva redu. Tichiona nzira iyo nhau dzakaitika dzakaratidza nadzo chikamu chekutanga cheuprofita hwacho kuva hwechokwadi kuchasimbisa kutenda kwedu nechivimbo chokuti chikamu chokupedzisira chenhoroondo youprofita chichazadzika pasina mubvunzo. Kufungisisa uprofita uhwu kuchatigonesa kunyatsoona kuti tave papi mukufamba kwenguva. Huchasimbisawo kutsunga kwedu kuramba tisina kwatakarerekera muhondo yacho sezvatinomirira Mwari nokushivirira kuti atirwire. (Pisarema 146:3, 5) Takaisa pfungwa dzedu dzose, zvino, ngatitererei ngirozi yaJehovha sezvainotaura naDhanieri.

ACHIRWA NOUMAMBO HWEGIRISI

3. Ndiani akatsigirwa nengirozi “negore rokutanga raDhariusi muMedhia”?

³ “Kana ndiri ini,” yakadaro ngirozi yacho, “negore rokutanga raDhariusi muMedhia [539/538 B.C.E.], ini ndakasimuka kundomutsigira nokumusimbisa.” (Dhanieri 11:1) Dhariusi akanga asisiri mupenyu, asi ngirozi yacho yakataura nezvekutonga kwake sepokutangira peshoko rouprofita. Akanga ari mambo iyeyu akanga arayira kuti Dhanieri abudiswe mugomba reshumba. Dhariusi akanga arayirawo kuti vanhu vake vose vaifanira kutya Mwari waDhanieri. (Dhanieri 6:21-27) Zvisinei, uyo ngirozi yacho yakatsigira akanga asiri Dhariusi muMedhia, asi musonganiri wengirozi Mikaeri—muchinda wevanhu vaDhanieri. (Enzanisa naDhanieri 10:12-14.) Ngirozi yaMwari yakatsigira Mikaeri achirwa nomuchinda dhimoni weMedhia nePersia.

4, 5. Madzimambo mana avaPersia akafanotaurwa ndivanaani?

⁴ Ngirozi yaMwari yakapfuurira ichiti: “Tarira paPersia pachamukazve madzimambo matatu; wechina uchava mupfumi kupfuura ivavo vose; zvino kana asimba kwazvo nepfuma yake, uchamutsa vamwe vose kuzorwa noushe hweGirisi.” (Dhanieri 11:2) Vatongi vePersia ava vaimbova vanaani?

⁵ Madzimambo matatu okutanga aiva Koreshi Mukuru, Cambyses II, naDhariusi I. Sezvo Bardiya (kana kuti pamwe ainyepedzera kunzi Gaumata) akatonga kwemwedzi minomwe bedzi, uprofita hahuna kuverenga kutonga kwake kwenguva pfupi. Muna 490 B.C.E., mambo wechitatu, Dhariusi I, akaedza kupinda muGirisi nechisimba kechipiri. Zvisinei, vaPersia vakarakashwa paMarathon ndokudzokera kuAsia Minor. Kunyange zvazvo Dhariusi akanyatsogadzirira imwe hondo yokurwa neGirisi, haana kukwanisa kuzoiita asati afa makore mana gare gare. Izvozvo zvakasiyirwa mwanakomana wake akamutevera pachigaro, mambo “wechina,” Xerxes I. Ndiye akanga ari mambo Ahasuerosi akaroora Estere.—Estere 1:1; 2:15-17.

6, 7. (a) Mambo wechina aka“mutsa vamwe vose kuzorwa noushe hweGirisi,” sei? (b) Hondo yaXerxes neGirisi yakaguma nei?

⁶ Xerxes I zvechokwadi aka“mutsa vamwe vose kuzorwa noushe hweGirisi,” ndiko kuti, nyika dzeGirisi dzaiva dzakazvimiririra seboka. “Akurudzirwa nemachinda ane zvaaida,” rinodaro bhuku rinonzi The Medes and Persians—Conquerors and Diplomats, “Xerxes akarwisa achifamba nepasi nomugungwa.” Munyori wenhau dzakaitika wechiGiriki Herodotus, wemuzana ramakore rechishanu B.C.E., anonyora kuti “hapana kumwe kurwa kungaenzaniswa nakwo.” Zvaakanyora zvinoti hondo yomugungwa “pamwe chete yaiva nevarume 517 610. Nhamba yevarwi vetsoka yaiva 1 700 000; yevatasvi vemabhiza 80 000; pamusoro pavo panofanira kuwedzerwa vaArabhu vaiva vakatasva ngamera, uye vaRibhiya vairwa vari mungoro dzehondo, vandinofungidzira kuti vaiva 20 000. Saka nhamba yose pamwe chete, yevarwi vepasi nevomugungwa yabatanidzwa inosvika kuvarume 2 317 610.”

⁷ Sezvo akanga achironga kukunda zvachose, Xerxes I akatumira hondo yake huru kunorwa neGirisi muna 480 B.C.E. Vachikurira zano revaGiriki paThermopylae rokunonoka, vaPersia vakaparadza Atene. PaSarami, zvisinei, vakakundwa zvinonyadzisa. Pamwe pakakunda vaGiriki paPlataea, muna 479 B.C.E. Hapana kana mumwe wemadzimambo manomwe akatsiva Xerxes pachigaro choUmambo hwePersia mumakore 143 akatevera akapinda muGirisi nechisimba. Asi ipapo kwakamuka mambo aiva nesimba muGirisi.

UMAMBO HUKURU HUNOKAMURWA KUVA HUNA

8. Ndiani “mambo ane simba” akamuka, uye akasvika sei pa“kutonga nesimba guru”?

⁸ “Mambo une simba uchamuka, uchabata ushe nesimba guru, achiita sezvaanoda,” yakadaro ngirozi yacho. (Dhanieri 11:3) Alexander aiva nemakore makumi maviri ‘akamuka’ samambo weMakedhonia muna 336 B.C.E. Akava “mambo une simba”—Alexander Mukuru. Achikuchidzirwa nokuronga kwababa vake, Philip II, akakunda matunhu ePersia muMiddle East. Vachiyambuka nzizi dzinoti Yufratesi neTigirisi varume vake 47 000 vakaita kuti mauto 250 000 aDhariusi III aite rumwe rumwe paGaugamela. Zvakazoitika ndezvekuti, Dhariusi akatiza uye akaurawa, achigumisa imba yeumambo yePersia. Girisi zvino yakava simba renyika, uye Alexander ‘akatonga nesimba guru uye aiita sezvaaida.’

9, 10. Uprofita hwakaratidza sei kuva hwechokwadi kuti umambo hwaAlexander hwaisazoenda kuvazukuru vake?

⁹ Kutonga nyika yose kwaAlexander kwaizova kupfupi, nokuti ngirozi yaMwari yakawedzera kuti: “Kana amuka, ushe hwake huchaputswa, ndokuparadzirwa kumhepo ina dzokudenga, asi hahungaendi kuvazukuru vake, uye hahungaenzani nesimba raakabata naro iye, nokuti ushe hwake huchadzurwa, ndokupiwa vamwe kunze kwaivavo.” (Dhanieri 11:4) Alexander akanga asati anyatsosvitsa makore 33 paakafa nokurwara kamwe kamwe muBhabhironi muna 323 B.C.E.

¹⁰ Umambo hukuru hwaAlexander hahuna kupfuura “kuvazukuru vake.” Munin’ina wake Philip III Arrhidaeus akatonga kwemakore asingasviki manomwe uye akapondwa sechikumbiro chaOlympias, mai vaAlexander, muna 317 B.C.E. Mwanakomana waAlexander, Alexander IV akatonga kusvika muna 311 B.C.E. paakaurawa naCassander, mumwe wevatungamiriri vemauto ababa vake. Mwanakomana waAlexander wokunze Heracles akaedza kutonga muzita rababa vake asi akapondwa muna 309 B.C.E. Saka ndiko kuguma kwedzinza raAlexander, “simba raakabata naro iye” rakabva kumhuri yake.

11. Umambo hwaAlexander hwaka“paradzirwa kumhepo ina dzokudenga” sei?

¹¹ Alexander afa, umambo hwake hwaka“paradzirwa kumhepo ina dzokudenga.” Vakuru vehondo vake vazhinji vakaitirana nharo vachibvutirana nyika. Mumwe Mutungamiriri Wemauto aiva neziso rimwe Antigonus I, akaedza kutonga oga umambo hwose hwaAlexander. Asi akaurawa kuhondo paIpsus muFrigia. Pakasvika gore ra301 B.C.E., vatungamiriri vemauto vana vaAlexander vakanga vava kutonga nharaunda huru iyo mukuru wavo wemauto akanga akunda. Cassander akatonga Makedhonia neGirisi. Lysimachus akawana simba rokudzora Asia Minor neThrace. Seleucus I Nicator akatora Mesopotamia neSiria. Uye Ptolemy Lagus akatora Egipita neParestina. Sokutaura kweshoko reuprofita, umambo hukuru hwaAlexander hwakakamurwa kuva umambo hwechiHellen huna.

MADZIMAMBO MAVIRI ANORWISANA ANOBUDA

12, 13. (a) Umambo hwechiHellen huna hwakaderedzwa sei kuva huviri? (b) Seleucus akatanga imba yeumambo ipi muSiria?

¹² Makore mashomanene atanga kutonga, Cassander akafa, uye muna 285 B.C.E., Lysimachus akatora rutivi rweUmambo hweGirisi rwekuEurope. Muna 281 B.C.E., Lysimachus akaurawa muhondo naSeleucus I Nicator, zvichipa Seleucus simba rokudzora rutivi rukuru rwenyika dzeAsia. Antigonus II Gonatas, muzukuru wemumwe wevatungamiriri vemauto aAlexander, akagara pachigaro choumambo cheMakedhonia muna 276 B.C.E. Pashure penguva yakati, Makedhonia yakatanga kudzorwa neRoma ndokuguma yava ruwa rweRoma muna 146 B.C.E.

¹³ Huviri bedzi hweumambo hwechiHellen zvino hwakaramba hune mukurumbira—humwe hwacho hwaitongwa naSeleucus I Nicator uye humwe hwaitongwa naPtolemy Lagus. Seleucus akatanga imba youmambo yekwaSeleucus muSiria. Pakati pemaguta aakavaka paiva neAntiokia—guta guru idzva reSiria—uye chiteshi chengarava cheSerukia. Muapostora Pauro gare gare akadzidzisa muAntiokia, umo vateveri vaJesu vakatanga kudaidzwa kuti vaKristu. (Mabasa 11:25, 26; 13:1-4) Seleucus akaurayirwa chigaro muna 281 B.C.E., asi imba yeumambo yekwake yakatonga kusvika muna 64 B.C.E. apo Mutungamiriri Wemauto eRoma Gnaeus Pompey akaita Siria ruwa rweRoma.

14. Imba yeumambo yekwaPtolemy yakatangwa rini muEgipita?

¹⁴ Umambo hwechiHellen hwakagara kupfuura hwose pahuna hwacho hwakanga huri hwaPtolemy Lagus, kana kuti Ptolemy I, uyo akatanga kudanwa kunzi mambo muna 305 B.C.E. Imba youmambo yaPtolemy yaakavamba yakaramba ichitonga Egipita kusvikira yakundwa neRoma muna 30 B.C.E.

15. Ndeapi madzimambo maviri akasimba akabuda muumambo hwechiHellen huna uye akatanga hondo yei?

¹⁵ Saka paumambo huna hwechiHellen, pakabuda madzimambo maviri aiva nesimba—Seleucus I Nicator achitonga Siria uye Ptolemy I achitonga Egipita. Pamadzimambo maviri aya ndipo pakatangira hondo isingaperi ya“mambo wokumusoro” na“mambo wezasi,” inorondedzerwa muna Dhanieri chitsauko 11. Ngirozi yaJehovha haina kutaura mazita emadzimambo acho, nokuti kuzivikanwa uye rudzi rwemadzimambo maviri aya zvaizoramba zvichichinja mumazana emakore. Ichisiya mamwe mashoko asina basa, ngirozi yacho yakangotaura nezvevatongi chete nezviitiko zvinokosha pakurwa kwacho.

KURWA KUNOTANGA

16. (a) Madzimambo maviri acho akanga ari kumusoro nezasi kwaani? (b) Madzimambo api akatanga kuva nechinzvimbo cha“mambo wokumusoro” na“mambo wezasi”?

¹⁶ Teerera! Ichirondedzera mavambo okurwa uku ngirozi yaJehovha inoti: “Mambo wezasi uchava nesimba, nomumwe wamachinda ake [Alexander]; zvino iye [mambo wokumusoro] uchamupfuura nesimba, ndokubata ushe; ushe hwake huchava ushe hukuru.” (Dhanieri 11:5) Mazita okuti “mambo wokumusoro” na“mambo wezasi” anoreva nezvemadzimambo aiva kumusoro nezasi kwevanhu vekwaDhanieri, avo panguva iyoyo vakanga vasunungurwa muusungwa hweBhabhironi ndokudzorerwa kunyika yeJudha. “Mambo wezasi” wokutanga akanga ari Ptolemy I weEgipita. Mumwe wevatungamiriri vemauto aAlexander akakunda Ptolemy I ndokutonga “nesimba guru” ndiMambo weSiria Seleucus I Nicator. Akatora chinzvimbo cha“mambo wokumusoro.”

17. Nyika yeJudha yakanga ichidzorwa nani pakatanga kurwisana pakati pamambo wokumusoro namambo wezasi?

¹⁷ Pakutanga kwokurwa kwacho, nyika yeJudha yakanga ichitongwa namambo wezasi. Kubva munenge muna 320 B.C.E., Ptolemy I akakurudzira vaJudha kuti vauye kuEgipita sevagari vanobva kune imwe nyika. Nyika yaigarwa nevaJudha yakabudirira muAlexandria, umo Ptolemy akanga akavaka raibhurari yakakurumbira. VaJudha vaiva munyika yeJudha vakaramba vachidzorwa neEgipita yaPtolemy, mambo wezasi, kusvikira muna 198 B.C.E.

18, 19. Nokufamba kwenguva, madzimambo maviri airwisana akaita sei “sungano”?

¹⁸ Nezvemadzimambo maviri acho, ngirozi yakaprofita kuti: “Kana mamwe makore apfuura, vachaita sungano; mukunda wamambo wezasi uchaenda kuna mambo wokumusoro kuzotsvaka sungano, asi iye mukunda haangarambi ane simba roruoko rwake; kunyange naiye mambo haangamiri, nesimba roruoko rwake; asi mukunda, navakauya naye, naiye wakamubereka, naiye wakamusimbisa nenguva idzo vachaiswa kukuparadzwa.” (Dhanieri 11:6) Izvi zvakaitika sei?

¹⁹ Uprofita hwacho hahuna kubatanidza mwanakomana waSeleucus I Nicator akamutsiva, Antiochus I, nemhaka yokuti haana kuita hondo huru namambo wezasi. Asi akamutsiva, Antiochus II, akarwa hondo refu naPtolemy II mwanakomana waPtolemy I. Antiochus II naPtolemy II ndivo vaiva mambo wokumusoro namambo wezasi. Antiochus II akanga akaroora Laodice, uye vakava nemwanakomana ainzi Seleucus II, nepo Ptolemy II akanga ane mwanasikana ainzi Berenice. Muna 250 B.C.E., madzimambo maviri aya akapinda mu“sungano.” Kuti abhadhare zvaidiwa kuita mubatanidzwa uyu, Antiochus II akaramba mudzimai wake Laodice ndokuroora Berenice, “mukunda wamambo wezasi.” Akava nemwanakomana naBerenice, uyo akazogara nhaka yeumambo hweSiria panzvimbo pevana vaLaodice.

20. (a) “Ruoko” rwaBerenice haruna kumira sei? (b) Berenice, ne“vakauya naye,” na“iye wakamusimbisa” vakaiswa kukuparadzwa sei? (c) Ndiani akava mambo weSiria pashure pokunge Antiochus II arasikirwa ne“ruoko rwake,” kana kuti simba rake?

²⁰ “Ruoko” rwaBerenice kana kuti simba rokutsigira, rwaiva baba vake, Ptolemy II. Pavakafa muna 246 B.C.E., haana “[kuramba] ane simba roruoko rwake” nomurume wake. Antiochus II akamuramba, akaroorazve Laodice, ndokutumidza mwanakomana wavo kuti azomutsiva. Sokuronga kwakaita Laodice, Berenice nemwanakomana wake vakapondwa. Sezviri pachena, varindi vakanga vaunza Berenice kubva kuEgipita kuenda kuSiria— “vakauya naye”—vakaurawawo. Laodice akatoisira Antiochus II muchetura, saka “ruoko rwake,” kana kuti simba, ‘hazvina kuramba zvinaye.’ Saka, baba vaBerenice—“iye wakamubereka”—nemurume wake wechiSiria—akanga ambomu“simbisa” kwechinguva—vose vakafa. Izvi zvakasiya Seleucus II, mwanakomana waLaodice, samambo weSiria. Mambo aizotevera wekwaPtolemy aizoita sei nezvose izvi?

MAMBO ANOTSIVA KUPONDWA KWEHANZVADZI YAKE

21. (a) Ndiani akanga ari “bukira” re“midzi” yaBerenice uye aka“muka” sei? (b) Ptolemy III aka“pinda munhare yamambo wokumusoro” ndokumukunda sei?

²¹ “Asi bukira remidzi yake mumwe uchamuka panzvimbo yake,” yakadaro ngirozi yacho, “iye ucharwa nehondo, ndokupinda munhare yamambo wokumusoro, ucharwa navo nokuvakunda.” (Dhanieri 11:7) “Bukira” revabereki vaBerenice kana kuti “midzi,” rakanga riri hanzvadzi yake. Pakafa baba vake, a‘kamira’ samambo wezasi, Farao weEgipita Ptolemy III. Pakarepo akaronga kutsiva kupondwa kwehanzvadzi yake. Achienda kuti anorwa naMambo weSiria Seleucus II, uyo Laodice akanga ashandisa kuuraya Berenice nemwanakomana wake, akauya kuzorwisa “nhare yamambo wokumusoro.” Ptolemy III akatora rutivi rwakanga rwakasimbiswa rweAntiokia ndokuuraya Laodice. Achienda kumabvazuva nomunharaunda yamambo wokumusoro, akaparadza Bhabhironi ndokubva aenda kuIndia.

22. Ptolemy III akadzoka nei kuEgipita, uye nei aka“rega mambo wokumusoro mamwe makore”?

²² Chii chakazoitika? Ngirozi yaMwari inotiudza kuti: “Uchatapawo vamwari vavo, pamwe chete nemifananidzo yavo yakaumbwa, nemidziyo yavo yakanaka yesirivha nendarama, achindozviisa Egipita; ipapo ucharega mambo wokumusoro mamwe makore.” (Dhanieri 11:8) Kare anopfuura makore 200, Mambo wePersia Cambyses II akanga akunda Egipita ndokuenda kumusha kwake ne“mifananidzo yavo yakaumbwa.” Achiparadza raichimbova guta romuzinda wamambo wePersia Susa, Ptolemy III akatorazve vamwari ava ndokuenda navo kuEgipita vari ‘nhapwa.’ Akadzokawo nezvakapambwa muhondo “midziyo yavo yakanaka yesirivha nendarama” yakawanda. Amanikidzwa kudzokera kumusha kunomisa kumukira ikoko, Ptolemy ‘akabva pana mambo wokumusoro,’ asingachamukuvadzizve.

MAMBO WESIRIA ANOTSIVA

23. Nei mambo wokumusoro aka“dzokera kunyika yake” pashure pokupinda muumambo hwamambo wezasi?

²³ Mambo wokumusoro akaita sei? Dhanieri akaudzwa kuti: “Uchapindawo muushe hwamambo wezasi, asi uchazodzokera kunyika yake.” (Dhanieri 11:9) Mambo wokumusoro—Mambo weSiria Seleucus II—akadzorera. Akapinda mu“ushe,” kana kuti nharaunda, yamambo weEgipita wezasi asi akakundwa. Nevakanga vasara vashomanene veuto rake, Seleucus II ‘akadzokera kunyika yake,’ achidzokera mumuzinda weSiria Antiokia munenge muna 242 B.C.E. Paakafa, mwanakomana wake Seleucus III akamutsiva.

24. (a) Chii chakaitika kuna Seleucus III? (b) Mambo weSiria Antiochus III aka“uya, nokupararira, ndokupfuura neseri” kwoumambo hwamambo wezasi sei?

²⁴ Chii chakafanotaurwa pamusoro pemwana waMambo weSiria Seleucus II? Ngirozi yakaudza Dhanieri kuti: “Vanakomana vake vachandorwa, vachaunganidza boka guru ravarwi, richauya, nokupararira, ndokupfuura neseri; ipapo richadzoka ndokuzorwa kusvikira panhare yake.” (Dhanieri 11:10) Kuurayirwa chigaro kwakagumisa kutonga kwaSeleucus III makore matatu asati apera. Mukoma wake, Antiochus III, akamutsiva pachigaro choumambo hweSiria. Mwanakomana waSeleucus II uyu akaunganidza mauto akawanda kuti anouraya mambo wezasi, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga ari Ptolemy IV. Mambo wokumusoro mutsva weSiria akarwa neEgipita zvinobudirira ndokuwanazve chiteshi chengarava cheSerukia, ruwa rweCoele-Siria, maguta eTire nePtolemaïs, nemataundi aiva pedyo. Akarakasha uto raMambo Ptolemy IV ndokutora maguta akawanda enyika yeJudha. Muchirimo cha217 B.C.E., Antiochus III akabuda muPtolemaïs ndokuenda kumusoro, “kusvikira panhare yake” muSiria. Asi kuchinja kwakanga kwava pedyo.

ZVINHU ZVINOSHANDUKA

25. Ptolemy IV akasangana kupi naAntiochus III muhondo, uye chii chaka“iswa mumaoko” amambo weEgipita wezasi?

²⁵ Kufanana naDhanieri, tinoteereresa tichida kunzwa sezvo ngirozi yaJehovha inotevera kufanotaura kuti: “Zvino mambo wezasi uchatsamwa, uchandorwa naye, naiye mambo wokumusoro; asi iye uchakokera boka guru, boka iro richaiswa mumaoko ake.” (Dhanieri 11:11) Ane uto revarwi 75 000, mambo wezasi Ptolemy IV, akakwidza kumusoro achivinga muvengi. Mambo weSiria wokumusoro, Antiochus III, akanga amutsa “boka guru” re68 000 rokumurwisa. Asi “boka iro” raka“iswa mumaoko” amambo wezasi muhondo yepaguta repamhenderekedzo reRaphia kusiri kure nemuganhu weEgipita.

26. (a) I“boka” ripi rakatapwa ndokuurawa namambo wezasi muhondo yepaRaphia, uye ndezvipi zvakatsidziranwa pachibvumirano chakaitwa ipapo? (b) Ptolemy IV ‘haana kukunda’ sei? (c) Ndiani akatevera kuva mambo wezasi?

²⁶ Uprofita hwacho hunopfuurira huchiti: “Boka iro richatapwa, zvino mwoyo wake uchazvikudza; uchaparadza vanamakumi ezviuru, asi haangakundi.” (Dhanieri 11:12) Ptolemy IV, mambo wezasi, aka‘tapa’ mauto etsoka 10 000 eSiria neemabhiza 300 akanoauraya ndokutora 4 000 sevasungwa. Madzimambo acho ipapo akaita chibvumirano apo Antiochus III akachengeta chiteshi chake chengarava cheSerukia asi ndokurasikirwa neFenikia neCoele-Siria. Pakukunda uku, mwoyo wamambo weEgipita wezasi ‘wakazvikudza,’ kunyanya kuna Jehovha. Nyika yeJudha yakaramba ichidzorwa naPtolemy IV. Zvisinei, haana ku“kunda” kuti awedzere pakukunda kwaakanga aita mambo weSiria wokumusoro. Panzvimbo pezvo, Ptolemy IV akatanga kuita upenyu hweunzenza, uye mwanakomana wake akanga ane makore mashanu, Ptolemy V, akava mambo wezasi akatevera makore mazhinji Antiochus III asati afa.

MUPAMBEPFUMI ANODZOKA

27. Mambo wokumusoro akadzoka sei “pakupera kwenguva dziya” kuti azotora nyika yavo kuEgipita?

²⁷ Nemhaka yezvaakapamba zvose, Antiochus III akasvika pakunzi Antiochus Mukuru. Nezvake, ngirozi yakati: “Zvino mambo wokumusoro uchadzoka, ndokukokera boka guru kune rokutanga; uchauya pakupera kwenguva dziya, dziya dzamakore, ane hondo huru nenhumbi zhinji.” (Dhanieri 11:13) “Nguva” idzi dzakanga dziri makore 16 kana kuti kupfuura vaEgipita vakunda vaSiria paRaphia. Apo Ptolemy V muduku akava mambo wezasi, Antiochus III akaronga ne“boka guru kune rokutanga” kuti atore nharaunda dzaakanga atorerwa namambo wezasi weEgipita. Kuti adaro, akabatanidza mauto naMambo weMakedhonia Philip V.

28. Mambo muduku wezasi ainetseka nei?

²⁸ Mambo wezasi akanga ane zvainetsawo muumambo hwake. “Nenguva idzo vazhinji vachamukira mambo wezasi,” ngirozi yakadaro. (Dhanieri 11:14a) Vazhinji vaka“mukira mambo wezasi.” Kunze kwekumirisana nemauto aAntiochus III nemutsigiri wake weMakedhonia, mambo muduku wezasi akasangana nezvimwe zvainetsa kumusha kwake muEgipita. Nemhaka yokuti murindi wake Agathocles, aitonga muzita rake, akabata vaEgipita nokuzvikudza, vakawanda vakamukira. Ngirozi yakawedzera kuti: “uye vana [vemakororo] pakati pavanhu vako vachazvikudza, kuti vasimbise zvawakaratidzwa; asi vachaparadzwa.” (Dhanieri 11:14b) Kunyange vamwe vevanhu vaDhanieri vakava ‘vanakomana vemakororo,’ kana kuti vamukiri. Asi zva“karatidzwa” zvipi nezvipi izvo varume vechiJudha vakadaro vakaona zvokuguma kwekutonga kwemamwe Marudzi nyika yokumusha kwavo zvaiva zvenhema, uye zvaizokundikana, kana kuti ku“paradzwa.”

29, 30. (a) “Hondo dzezasi” dzakatera sei mukurwisa kwokumusoro? (b) Mambo wokumusoro akasvika sei paku“mira panyika yakaisvonaka”?

²⁹ Ngirozi yaJehovha yakafanotaurazve kuti: “Zvino mambo wokumusoro uchasvika, ndokuvatutira murwi wokurwa, ndokukunda guta rakavakirwa kwazvo; hondo dzezasi hadzingagoni kumira, kunyange navanhu vake vakatsaurwa, uye vachashayiwa simba rokumira naro. Asi uyo unouya kuzorwa naye uchaita sezvaanoda, hakuna ungamira pamberi pake; zvino iye uchamira panyika yakaisvonaka, akabata kuparadza muruoko rwake.”—Dhanieri 11:15, 16.

³⁰ Mauto ehondo aitungamirirwa naPtolemy V, kana kuti “hondo dzezasi,” akatera pakurwiswa kwakabva kumusoro. PaPaneas (Kesaria Firipi), Antiochus III akadzingira Mutungamiriri Weuto reEgipita Scopas nevarume vakasarudzwa 10 000, kana kuti “vakatsaurwa,” muSidhoni, “guta rakavakirwa kwazvo.” Ikoko Antiochus III ‘akatanga kukomba kukuru,’ achitora chiteshi chengarava cheFenikia muna 198 B.C.E. Akaita “sezvaanoda” nemhaka yokuti mauto amambo weEgipita wezasi akanga asingagoni kumirisana naye. Antiochus III akabva aenda kundorwa neJerusarema, guta guru re“nyika yakaisvonaka,” yeJudha. Muna 198 B.C.E., Jerusarema nenyika yeJudha zvakabva pakudzorwa namambo weEgipita wezasi zvichienda pakudzorwa namambo weSiria wokumusoro. Uye Antiochus III, mambo wokumusoro, akatanga ku“mira panyika Yakaisvonaka.” Kwakanga kune ku“paradza muruoko rwake” kuvaJudha nevaEgipita vose vaimurwisa. Mambo wokumusoro uyu aizokwanisa kuita sezvaaida kwenguva yakareba sei?

ROMA INODZIVISA MUPAMBEPFUMI

31, 32. Nei mambo wokumusoro akaguma ava kuita “sungano” yerugare namambo wezasi?

³¹ Ngirozi yaJehovha inotipa mhinduro iyi: “Ipapo [mambo wokumusoro] uchashingaira kuuya nesimba roushe hwake hwose, ane sungano yake; uchaita izvozvo, uchamupa mwanasikana wavakadzi, kuti amuparadze; asi zvichakona, haana chaachawana.”—Dhanieri 11:17.

³² Mambo wokumusoro Antiochus III, aka“shingaira” kudzora Egipita “nesimba roushe hwake hwose.” Asi akaguma ava kuita “sungano” yerugare naPtolemy V, mambo wezasi. Zvido zveRoma zvakanga zvaparira Antiochus III kuchinja chirongwa chake. Apo iye naMambo Philip V weMakedhonia vakabatana kuti varwise mambo weEgipita muduku, kuti vatore nyika yake, varindi vaPtolemy V vakaenda kuRoma kuti vadzivirirwe. Ichiti yazviwanirapo kuti iwedzere nyika yayo, Roma yakaratidza simba rayo.

33. (a) Ndezvipi zvakatenderanwa pasungano yorugare pakati paAntiochus III naPtolemy V? (b) Chii chaiva chinangwa chokuroorana kwaCleopatra I naPtolemy V, uye nei zano racho rakakundikana?

³³ Achimanikidzwa neRoma, Antiochus III akaita sungano yorugare namambo wezasi. Panzvimbo pokudzorera nyika dzaakanga atora, sezvakanga zvarayirwa neRoma, Antiochus III akaronga kudziendesa zvezita chete nokuita kuti mwanasikana wake Cleopatra I—“mwanasikana wavakadzi”—aroorwe naPtolemy V. Aizomupa maruwa aibatanidza nyika yeJudha, “nyika Yakaisvonaka” sechipo. Zvisinei pakuroorana kwacho muna 193 B.C.E., mambo weSiria haana kuita kuti maruwa aya aende kuna Ptolemy V. Uku kwakanga kuri kuroorana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kwakaitirwa kuti Egipita ive pasi peSiria. Asi zano racho rakakundikana nemhaka yokuti pana Cleopatra I haana “chaa[ka]wana,” nemhaka yokuti gare gare Cleopatra akazotsigira murume wake. Pakamuka hondo pakati paAntiochus III nevaRoma, Egipita yakatsigira Roma.

34, 35. (a) Mambo wokumusoro akarinzira chiso chake ku“zviwi” zvipi? (b) Roma yakagumisa sei “kushora” kwakabva kuna mambo wokumusoro? (c) Antiochus III akafa sei, uye ndiani akatevera kuva mambo wokumusoro?

³⁴ Ichitaura nezvokukundwa kwamambo wokumusoro, ngirozi yakawedzera kuti: “Shure kwaizvozvo [Antiochus III] ucharinzira chiso chake kuzviwi, ndokukunda zvizhinji; asi mumwe mukuru wemauto [Roma] uchagumisa kushora kwake [Roma]; uchadzosera kushora kwake [kunobva kuna Antiochus III] kuna iye amene [Roma]. Ipapo [Antiochus III] ucharinzira chiso chake kunhare dzenyika yake; asi uchagumburwa nokuwa, ndokushayikwa.”—Dhanieri 11:18, 19.

³⁵ “Zviwi” zvakanga zviri zveMakedhonia, Girisi, neAsia Minor. Hondo yakamuka muGirisi muna 192 B.C.E., uye Antiochus III akanyengedzwa kuti auye kuGirisi. Yagumburwa nokuedza kwamambo weSiria kutora imwe nyika ikoko, Roma yakatanga hondo naye. PaThermopylae akakundwa neRoma. Pashure perinenge gore akundwa pahondo yepaMagnesia muna 190 B.C.E., aitofanira kusiya zvose zvaiva muGirisi, Asia Minor, uye munzvimbo dziri kumadokero kweMakomo eTaurus. Roma yakarayira mutero unorema ndokusimbisa kudzora kwayo mambo weSiria wekumusoro. Adzingwa muGirisi neAsia Minor uye arasikirwa nedzinenge ngarava dzake dzose, Antiochus III ‘akarinzira chiso chake kunhare yake zvakare yekunyika yake,’ Siria. VaRoma vakanga va‘mudzorera kushora kwake paari.’ Antiochus III akafa achiedza kutora nechisimba temberi yaiva paElymaïs, Persia, muna 187 B.C.E. Naizvozvo aka‘wa’ ndokufa akatsiviwa nemwanakomana wake Seleucus IV, mambo wokumusoro akatevera.

KURWA KUNOPFUURIRA

36. (a) Mambo wezasi akaedza sei kupfuudzira hondo, asi chii chakaitika kwaari? (b) Seleucus IV akawa sei, uye ndiani akamutsiva?

³⁶ Samambo wezasi, Ptolemy V akaedza kutora maruwa aifanira kudai akauya kwaari sechipo chaCleopatra, asi muchetura wakagumisa kuedza kwake. Akatsiviwa naPtolemy VI. Zvakadini naSeleucus IV? Achida mari yokubhadhara chikwereti chomutero wairema kuRoma, akatuma mubati wake wehomwe Heliodorus kunotora nechisimba upfumi hwainzi hwaiva hwakachengetwa mutemberi yeJerusarema. Achida chigaro, Heliodorus akauraya Seleucus IV. Zvisinei, Mambo Eumenes wePergamo nomunin’ina wake Attalus vakaita kuti munin’ina wamambo akanga aurawa Antiochus IV agadzwe pachigaro.

37. (a) Antiochus IV akaedza sei kuzviratidza kuti aiva nesimba kupfuura Jehovha Mwari? (b) Kumhurwa kwetemberi muJerusarema naAntiochus IV kwakatungamirira kuchii?

³⁷ Mambo mutsva wokumusoro, Antiochus IV, akafunga kuzviratidza seane simba kupfuura Mwari nokuedza kuparadza gadziriro yaJehovha yokunamata. Achizvidza Jehovha, akatsaurira temberi yeJerusarema kuna Zeusi kana kuti Jupiteri. Muna December 167 B.C.E., atari yechihedheni yakamiswa pamusoro peatari huru yaiva muchivanze chetemberi umo zvibayiro zvaipiswa mazuva ose zvakanga zvapisirwa Jehovha. Mazuva gumi gare gare, chibayiro kuna Zeusi chakapirwa paatari yechihedheni. Kumhura uku kwakaparira kumukira kwevaJudha vachitungamirirwa navanaMakabhii. Antiochus IV akavarwisa kwemakore matatu. Muna 164 B.C.E., pamusi mumwe iwoyo wegore wokumhura, Judhasi Makabhii akatsaurirazve temberi kuna Jehovha uye mutambo wokutsaurira—Hanuka—wakatangwa.—Johane 10:22.

38. Kutonga kwavanaMakabhii kwakaguma sei?

³⁸ Pamwe vanaMakabhii vakaita sungano neRoma muna 161 B.C.E. ndokuumba umambo muna 104 B.C.E. Asi kusawirirana kwaiva pakati pavo namambo weSiria wokumusoro kwakapfuurira. Pakupedzisira, Roma yakadanwa kuti ipindire. Mutungamiriri Wemauto weRoma Gnaeus Pompey akatora Jerusarema muna 63 B.C.E. pashure pokukomba kwemwedzi mitatu. Muna 39 B.C.E., Kanzuru yehurumende yeRoma yakagadza Herodhi—muEdhomi—kuti ave mambo weJudhea. Achigumisa kutonga kwevanaMakabhii, akatora Jerusarema muna 37 B.C.E.

39. Wabetserwa sei nokufunda Dhanieri 11:1-19?

³⁹ Zvinofadza sei kuona chikamu chokutanga chouprofita hwemadzimambo maviri ari kurwisa chichizadzika zvakakwana! Zvechokwadi, zvinofadza sei kuona nhau dzakaitika makore anenge 500 shoko rouprofita ratopiwa Dhanieri kare nokuziva vatongi vaiva munzvimbo dzamambo wokumusoro namambo wezasi! Zvisinei, kuti madzimambo maviri aya ndivanaani mune zvematongerwo enyika kunoramba kuchichinja sezvo hondo yacho inopfuurira nomunguva apo Jesu Kristu aiva pasi pano uye kusvikira kuzuva redu. Nokufananidza nhau dzakaitika nemashoko anoshamisa akadonongodzwa muuprofita uhwu, tichakwanisa kuziva madzimambo maviri anorwisana aya.

WANZWISISEI?

• Madzinza api maviri emadzimambo ane simba akabuda paumambo hwavaHellen, uye madzimambo acho akatanga kurwira chii?

• Sezvakafanotaurwa pana Dhanieri 11:6, aya madzimambo maviri aka“tsvaka sungano” sei?

• Kurwisana kwakapfuurira sei pakati

paSeleucus II naPtolemy III (Dhanieri 11:7-9)?

paAntiochus III naPtolemy IV (Dhanieri 11:10-12)?

paAntiochus III naPtolemy V (Dhanieri 11:13-16)?

• Chii chaiva chinangwa chokuroorana kwaCleopatra I naPtolemy V, uye nei zano racho rakakundikana (Dhanieri 11:17-19)?

• Kufungisisa Dhanieri 11:1-19 kwakubatsira sei?

[Chati/Mifananidzo iri papeji 228]

MADZIMAMBO ARI MUNA DHANIERI 11:5-19

Dhanieri 11:5 Seleucus I Nicator Ptolemy I

Dhanieri 11:7-9 Seleucus II Ptolemy III

Dhanieri 11:10-12 Antiochus III Ptolemy IV

[Mufananidzo]

Mari yesimbi inoratidza Ptolemy II nomudzimai wake

[Mufananidzo]

Seleucus I Nicator

[Mufananidzo]

Antiochus III

[Mufananidzo]

Ptolemy VI

[Mufananidzo]

Ptolemy III nevakamutsiva vakavaka temberi iyi yaHorus paIdfu, Upper Egypt

[Mepu/Mifananidzo iri papeji 216, 217]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Mazita okuti “mambo wokumusoro” na“mambo wezasi” anoreva madzimambo aive kumusoro nezasi kwenyika yevanhu vaDhanieri

MAKEDHONIA

GIRISI

ASIA MINOR

ISRAERI

RIBHIYA

EGIPITA

ETIOPIA

SIRIA

Bhabhironi

ARABHIA

[Mufananidzo]

Ptolemy II

[Mufananidzo]

Antiochus Mukuru

[Mufananidzo]

Hwendefa redombo rine mirayiro yemutemo yakabudiswa naAntiochus Mukuru

[Mufananidzo]

Mari yesimbi inoratidza Ptolemy V

[Mufananidzo]

Suo raPtolemy III, paKarnak, Egipita

[Mufananidzo unozadza peji yose uri papeji 210]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 215]

Seleucus I Nicator

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 218]

Ptolemy I