Shanduro yeNyika Itsva
Tsanangudzo: Shanduro yeMagwaro Matsvene yakashandurwa nedare reZvapupu zvaJehovha zvakazodzwa kubva mumutauro wechiHebheru, chiAramaiki, nechiGiriki ichiiswa muChirungu chinotaurwa mazuva ano. Vachitaura nezvebasa ravakaita vakati: “Vashanduri veBhaibheri rino, avo vanotya uye vanoda Mwari, Muridzi weMagwaro Matsvene, vanonzwa vachifanira kushandura pfungwa dzake nezvaakazivisa zvakarurama sezvingakwanisika. Vanonzwawo vaine zvavanofanira kuitira vaverengi vanoongorora uye vanoda shanduro yeShoko raMwari Wokumusorosoro rakafuridzirwa nokuda kwokupona kwavo kusingaperi.” Zvikamu zveshanduro iyi zvakatanga kubudiswa kubva muna 1950 kusvika muna 1960. Mimwe mitauro yakazoshandurwa kubva pashanduro yeChirungu.
“Shanduro yeNyika Itsva” yakashandurwa kubva pachii?
Magwaro akanyorwa naRudolf Kittel, Biblia Hebraica, omuna 1951 kusvika 1955 ndiwo akashandiswa pakushandura Magwaro echiHebheru. Payakazodzokororwa muna 1984 Shanduro yeNyika Itsva yakagadziridzwa pachishandiswa Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia ra1977. Mipumburu yakawanikwa pedyo neGungwa Rakafa uye dzimwe shanduro dzekare dzakati wandei zvakashandiswawo pakudzokorora uku. Magwaro echiGiriki akanyorwa muna 1881 naWestcott naHort ndiwo akanyanya kushandiswa pakushandura Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki, asi mamwe magwaro akashandiswawo pamwe chete nedzimwe shanduro dzakawanda dzemimwe mitauro yakatanga kushandurwa.
Ndivanaani vakashandura?
Parakabudisa shanduro yaro zviri pamutemo richiipa sechipo, Dare Reshanduro yeBhaibheri yeNyika Itsva rakakumbira kuti nhengo dzaro dzisazivikanwa nemazita adzo. Sangano reWatch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania rakabvuma chikumbiro chavo. Vashanduri vacho vakanga vasingatsvaki zvokuti ivo pachavo vazivikanwe asi vaida kukudza Mwari, Munyori Mukuru weMagwaro Matsvene.
Izvi ndizvo zvanga zvichiitwa nemamwe matare okushandura mumakore ose apfuura aya. Somuenzaniso, mashoko okutanga muNew American Standard Bible Reference Edition ya1971 anoti: “Hatina kuisa zita renyanzvi yeBhaibheri chero ipi kuti vanhu vawane wokubvunza kana kuti wokutaurira pfungwa dzavo nokuti tinofunga kuti Shoko raMwari rinofanira kuzvitaurira roga.”
Zvechokwadi rakashandurwa nevanhu vakadzidza here?
Sezvo vashanduri vacho vakasarudza kusazivikanwa nemazita, hatikwanisi kupindura mubvunzo uyu nokuongorora dzidzo yavo. Shanduro yacho inofanira kuzvitaurira yoga.
Ishanduro yakaita sei? Chokutanga yakarurama, uye zvizhinji zvacho zvakatorwa sezvazviri mumitauro yokutanga. Haina kuita zvokungonyorwa mashoko muchidimbu, vashanduri vachisiya zvimwe zvavaifunga kuti hazvikoshi vachiwedzera dzimwe pfungwa dzavaifunga kuti dzichabatsira. Zvichiitirwa kubatsira vanenge vachida kudzidza, pane dzimwe shanduro dzine mashoko omuzasi anoratidza nzira dzakarurama dzakasiyana-siyana dzokushandura, uye magwaro ekare anenge akatorwa zvakashandurwa zvacho.
Dzimwe ndima dzingasanzwika sezvinenge zvakajairwa nevanhu. Saka zvakarurama ndezvipi? Tinokumbira kuti vaverengi vaongorore magwaro akatorwa mashoko anenge ari pamashoko omuzasi eShanduro yeNyika Itsva Ref., voverenga tsanangudzo dziri mumashoko okuwedzera, uye voenzanisa zvavanenge vaona nedzimwe shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana. Kazhinji kacho vachaona kuti vamwe vashanduri vakangoshandurawo mashoko acho saizvozvo.
Nei zita rokuti Jehovha rakashandiswa muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki?
Bhaibheri reShanduro yeNyika Itsva harisi iro roga rinodaro. Zita raMwari rinowanika mushanduro dzeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki dzakashandurirwa kuchiHebheru, panenge pakatorwa mashoko muMagwaro echiHebheru. The Emphatic Diaglott ra1864 rine zita rokuti Jehovha kanokwana ka18. Dzimwe shanduro dzeMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki mumimwe mitauro 38 kana kupfuura dzinoshandisawo zita raMwari mumitauro yadzo.
Kusimbisa kwakaita Jesu Kristu zita raBaba vake kunoratidza kuti iye pachake akarishandisa akasununguka. (Mat. 6:9; Joh. 17:6, 26) Jerome, akararama muzana remakore rechina C.E. akanyora kuti muapostora Mateu akatanga kunyora Evhangeri yake muchiHebheru, uye Evhangeri iyoyo inotora ndima dzakawanda dzine zita raMwari muMagwaro echiHebheru. Vamwe vanyori veMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki vakatora ndima dzavo muSeptuagint yechiGiriki (imwe shanduro yeMagwaro echiHebheru akashandurirwa kuchiGiriki yakatanga kushandiswa munenge muna 280 B.C.E.), iyo ine zvimedu zvakachengetedzwa yakaonekwa kuti ine zita raMwari rakanyorwa mumabhii echiHebheru.
Purofesa George Howard wepaUniversity of Georgia akanyora kuti: “Sezvo Tetragram [mabhii mana echiHebheru anoumba zita raMwari] yakanga ichiri kunyorwa mumaBhaibheri echiGiriki anova ndiwo aishandiswa seMagwaro nechechi yokutanga, zviri pachena kuti vanyori veTestamende Itsva, pavaitora ndima dziri muMagwaro, vakaita kuti Tetragram irambe iri muBhaibheri.”—Journal of Biblical Literature, March 1977, peji 77.
Nei Bhaibheri racho richiita serisina dzimwe ndima?
Ndima idzodzo dziri mune dzimwe shanduro asi hadziwaniki muMagwaro okutanga-tanga aripo. Tikaenzanisa nedzimwe shanduro dzemazuva ano dzakadai seThe New English Bible neJerusalem Bible yechechi yeRoma tinoona kuti vamwe vashanduri vakaonawo kuti ndima idzi hadzisi dzomuBhaibheri. Pamwe pacho dzakatorwa pane dzimwe nzvimbo muBhaibheri ndokuwedzerwa nevanyori pavainyora dzimwe ndima.
Kana Mumwe Munhu Akati—
‘Mune Bhaibheri renyu moga’
Ungapindura kuti: ‘Mune shanduro ipi yeBhaibheri? Mune . . (ibva wataura shanduro dzinowanikwa mumutauro wenyu) here? Munozivaka, kune shanduro dzakawanda.’ Ungawedzerawo kuti: ‘Ndinogona kushandisa chero shanduro yamunoda. Asi pamwe mungada kuziva kuti nei ndichinyanya kufarira Shanduro yeNyika Itsva. Ine mutauro wemazuva ano uri nyore kunzwisisa, uye vashanduri vacho vakaedza kunyatsobudisa zvaive mumitauro yakanyorwa nayo Bhaibheri pakutanga.’
Kana kuti ungati: ‘Matauriro enyu anoita kuti ndifunge kuti mune Bhaibheri mumba menyu. Mune shanduro ipi yeBhaibheri? . . . Mungaitora?’ Ungawedzerawo kuti: ‘Jesu akataura chinhu chatinofanira kuyeuka tose zvedu pasinei nokuti tinoshandisa shanduro ipi sezvamuri kuona muBhaibheri renyu pana Johani 17:3. . . . ’
Zvimwe zvaungataura ndezvokuti: ‘Kune shanduro dzakawanda dzeBhaibheri. Sangano redu rinotikurudzira kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana tichienzanisa kuti tibatsire vatinodzidzisa kunzwisisa zviri kutaurwa neMagwaro. Sezvamungaziva, pakutanga Bhaibheri rakanyorwa muchiHebheru, chiAramaiki, uye chiGiriki. Saka tinotenda chaizvo kuti vashanduri vakariisa mumutauro wedu. Imi munoshandisa shanduro ipi yeBhaibheri?’
Rimwezve zano nderokuti: ‘Zvinoratidza kuti muri munhu anoda Shoko raMwari. Saka ndine chokwadi kuti mungada kuziva chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinosiyanisa Shanduro yeNyika Itsva nedzimwe shanduro. Mune zita romumwe munhu anokosha kupfuura vamwe vose vanotaurwa nezvavo muMagwaro. Munoziva here kuti munhu iyeye ndiani?’ Ungawedzerawo kuti: (1) ‘Munoziva here kuti zita rake rinowanika muBhaibheri muchiHebheru chekare ka7- 000 uye kuti ndiro rinotaurwa kakawanda kupfuura rimwe zita ripi zvaro?’ (2) ‘Zvine basa here kuti tishandise kana kuti tirege kushandisa zita raMwari? Hameno kuti imi mune shamwari yenyu yepedyo here yamusingazivi nezita? . . . Kana tichida kuti Mwari ave shamwari yedu yepamwoyo zvinokosha kuti titange nokumuziva nezita. Inzwai zvakataurwa naJesu pana Johani 17:3, 6. (Pis. 83:18)’