Lande na Kele Etena ka Mbɔsa Tɛdikɔ Kambokoka Na?

L’ELEKO ka 16 N.T.D., Nzambi akasɔnɔla ase Isariyɛlɛ dia vɔ ndjâla “[anto ande ndamɛ oma l’atei w’anto tshɛ, NW], . . . wodja w’ekila.” (Etumbelu 19:​5, 6) Kem’edja, vɔ wakashisha ekila kawɔ, pudipudi k’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ awɔ, lam’akawayasanya l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wa dikishi ndo la ditshelo dia mindo di’ase wedja wakasukana lawɔ. Ɔsɔku mbakawayaɛnya vɔamɛ ɔnɛ: “wudja w’ete wulu” mbewɔ. (Euhwelu k’Elembe 9:​6, 13; 10:16; 1 Koreto 10:​7-11) L’edja k’ɛnɔnyi oleki kama shato l’ɔkɔngɔ wa nyɔi ka Jashua, Jehowa akatondja embadi, ɛnɔmbɔdi wa kɔlamelo wakahombe nɔmbɔla ase Isariyɛlɛ dia vɔ kalola oya l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wa mɛtɛ. Koko, anto “wakashikikala lu ditshelu diawo ndu lu [lohokotui lawɔ, NW].”​—⁠Embadi 2:​17-19.

L’ɔkɔngɔ w’akambo asɔ, Nzambi akayotondjaka nkumi ya dikanga l’amvutshi dia vɔ tshutshuya anto woho wa vɔ kalola oya l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wa mɛtɛ. Omvutshi Azariya akakeketsha Nkumekanga Asa kâmɛ l’anyande w’ase wodja dia vɔ nyanga Jehowa, nde akawatɛ ate: “Naka nyu nyayûyanga, nyu nyayûtana; keli naka nyu nyayôseka, ndi ayunyoseka.” Asa akalɔngɔsɔla ɔtɛmwɛlɔ lo diolelo dia Juda. (2 Ekondo 15:​1-16) L’ɔkɔngɔ diko, Nzambi akahombe nyomovusola leeta lande oma lo tshimbo y’omvutshi ande Joele. (Joele 2:​12, 13) Kânga l’ɔkɔngɔ w’akambo asɔ nto, Zefaniya akayotshutshuyaka wanɛ wakadjasɛka la Juda dia vɔ ‘nyanga Jehowa.’ Josiya, nkumekanga ka dikɛnda, akasale dikambo sɔ lam’akandasale olimu a woke w’ɔlɔngɔswɛlɔ dia minya ɔtɛmwɛlɔ a dikishi ndo ditshelo dia kɔlɔ oma lo wodja.​—⁠Zefaniya 2:3; 2 Ekondo 34:​3-7.

Kânga mbakayala tena dimɔtshi dia ndjâtshumuya, eongelo k’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’anto kakatalekaka fukutana paka fukutana tsho. (Jeremiya 2:13; 44:​4, 5) Jeremiya akânya dikongɛ di’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ diakasana la ditshelo di’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ a dikishi, lam’akandadilembetshiya oko dikongɛ diahakoke nɔngɔswama, ata ate: “Undi, usi Etiyopiya mbeyaka nkadimula lowa landi, Kuyanga koi awadi ato? Okone nyu wane watekeka akambu wa kolo Mbeyaka ntsha ololo uka?” (Jeremiya 13:23) L’ɔkɔkɔ wa dikambo sɔ mbakasha Nzambi diolelo dia Juda dilanya dia woke. Jerusalɛma kâmɛ la tɛmpɛlɔ kawɔ wakalanyema l’ɔnɔnyi 607 N.T.D., ndo ehandɔ wakatɔlama oko fumbe otsha la Babilɔna, lɛnɛ akawatotshikala edja k’ɛnɔnyi 70.

Lam’akashidiyama etena kɛsɔ, Nzambi akawaoke kɛtshi. Nde akatshutshuya Nkumekanga Kuro dia nde tshungola ase Isariyɛlɛ, atshikadi w’oma l’atei awɔ wakakalola oya la Jerusalɛma dia vɔ nyomoyohika tɛmpɛlɔ. Lo dihole dia vɔ kondja wetshelo oma l’akambo asɔ tshɛ, vɔ wakangana oma l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wa mɛtɛ nto, ndo dikambo sɔ diakatshutshuya Jehowa dia nde nyomovusola leeta lande, awatɛ ate: “Nyukaluli uya le mi, ku dimi layukalula uya le nyu.”​—⁠Malaki 3:⁠7.

Ɔkɔkɔ Wakakashema Isariyɛlɛ

Ngande waki eongelo k’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’ase Isariyɛlɛ lo nshi yaki Yeso na? Ewandji w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ wa dungi pende waki “elombodi wa tutshungu” waketshaka anto “dietshelu diele uku elembe w’antu.” ‘Vɔ wakatambaka olelo l’ɛlɛmbɛ a Nzambi l’ɔtɛ wa ditshelo diawɔ di’ashidi.’ Anto wakalɛmiyaka Nzambi “l’elomo,” koko etema awɔ wakangana etale oma le nde. (Mateu 15:​3, 4, 8, 9, 14) Onde vɔ wakahombe nyomoyolongola diaaso dikina dia vɔ ndjâtshumuya l’ɔnɛ vɔ waki wodja oka? Kema, Yeso akate ate: “Wayunyokosola diulelu dia [Nzambi, NW], ku wayudisha wudja watotokaka elua adio.” Yeso akakotsha ate: “Luudu lanyu,” mbuta ate tɛmpɛlɔ ka la Jerusalɛma, ‘wambunyutshikɛlɔ anyanya.’ (Mateu 21:43; 23:​38, NW) Munga kakawasale kaki woke efula. Vɔ wakakasha Yeso, Mɛsiya, ndo wakodiake, lam’akawasɔnɔla ose Rɔmɔ, kanga hiadi lakawelɛka Kayisa dia nde ndjâla nkumekanga kawɔ.​—⁠Joani 19:15; Mateu 27:⁠25.

Ase Isariyɛlɛ konanga mana fundo ɔnɛ etena kakasalaka Yeso olimu ande kaki etena k’elombwelo. Yeso akatɛ ase Jerusalɛma waha la kɔlamelo ate: “We heyi etena [kakawaye dia ndjokokemba, NW].”​—⁠Luka 19:⁠44.

Lo Pɛntɛkɔsta ka l’ɔnɔnyi 33 T.D., Nzambi akatonge wodja ɔmɔtshi w’oyoyo, kana anto, mbuta ate ambeki w’Ɔn’ande Yeso Kristo wakakitama nyuma, wanɛ wakasɔnwama oma lo weoho w’anto wa koho tshɛ ndo oma lo wedja tshɛ. (Etsha 10:​34, 35; 15:14) Onde elongamelo kɛmɔtshi kakikɔ k’ɔnɛ dikongɛ di’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’ase Juda diokɔlɔngɔswama oka? Alembe w’ase Rɔmɔ wakasha okadimwelo lo dimbola sɔ l’ɔnɔnyi 70 T.D., lam’akawahandjola Jerusalɛma vwa. Nzambi kombetawɔ dikongɛ di’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ dia ngasɔ ndoko yema.​—⁠Luka 21:​5, 6.

Apɔstazi a Woke wa Lokristo kristo

Ndo Akristo w’akitami a nyuma mbakenga “wudja w’ekila, antu wa [Nzambi, NW] ndame.” (1 Petero 2:9; Ngalatiya 6:16) Koko, kânga etshumanelo k’Akristo wa ntondo konama pudipudi k’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ awɔ edja k’efula.

Afundelo wakate ɔnɛ apɔstazi a woke, kana wanganelo w’oma lo mbetawɔ ka mɛtɛ, wayoyala. Adiyo wa kɔlɔ wa didjidji wa lo wɛla wa Yeso, mbuta ate: Akristo wa kashi, wayohemba dia tshidia eponga wa didjidji, kana Akristo wa mɛtɛ wakakitama nyuma ka Nzambi. Wɛla akɔ mɛnyaka dia odianganelo wa Lokristo la kashi, wakahɔhɔla Diabolo, otunyi a woke waki Nzambi, waki suke la tatɛ “lam’aketama antu lu djo.” Dikambo sɔ diakasalema l’ɔkɔngɔ wa nyɔi k’apɔstɔlɔ wa kɔlamelo waki Yeso Kristo, l’edja k’etena kakatɔkɔkalaka anto lo nyuma. (Mateu 13:​24-30, 36-43; 2 Tesalonika 2:​6-8) Oko wakadite apɔstɔlɔ, Akristo efula wa kashi wakayasɔsɔmiya l’atei wa lemba l’ɛkɔkɔ la lokeso tshɛ. (Etsha 20:​29, 30; 1 Timote 4:​1-3; 2 Timote 2:​16-18; 2 Petero 2:​1-3) Joani mbaki ɔpɔstɔlɔ wakayokomɛka la mvɔ. Oya l’ɔnɔnyi 98 T.D., nde akafunde ate: “Unya a ndjihelu,” mbuta ate etenyi ka komelo k’etena k’apɔstɔlɔ, kakashile la tatɛ.​—⁠1 Joani 2:​18, 19.

Eongelo ka lo nyuma, ka wetshelo ndo ka ditshelo dia lo Lokristo kristo kakaleke fukutana oma lo sheke yakadje ɔtɛmwɛlɔ vɔ la lowandji la pɔlitikɛ, sheke yakɔ yaketawɔma ndo yakakama lohita laki Constantin, omboledi w’ase Rɔmɔ. Efula k’ambewi w’ɛkɔndɔ mbetawɔka ɔnɛ: “otshumba wakadje ɔtɛmwɛlɔ l’eleko ka nɛi,” waki “mpokoso ka woke” lo ndjela kanyi y’Akristo. ‘Lokristo kristo lakashisha lɔkɛwɔ lalɔ l’ɔlɔlɔ efula’ ndo laketawɔ ditshelo la filɔzɔfi y’oma le apanganu, oko “ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wa Mariya” la ɔtɛmwɛlɔ “w’asanto,” kâmɛ ndo wetshelo wa Losato l’Osanto.

L’ɔkɔngɔ w’otshumba ande wa kashi, eongelo ka Lokristo kristo kakalana. Tɛdikɔ ndo elembetshiyelo a wetshelo wakasalema oma le papa ya l’Ɔrɔma la lo sanganya ya weke yakawɔtɔka, aha la mbidja ndo Ɔhɛnyɔhɛnyɛlɔ la Odiakelo w’anto wakatonaka mbɔtɔ laka Mupɛ, Ta diakalɔ aseka Mupɛ vɔ la wa Musuluma lo dikambo dia kɛtɛ ya daka, ndo ata “w’ekila” wa l’asa aseka Mupɛ l’ase Asɔnyi, akambo asɔ tshɛ wakatondja dikongɛ di’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ diahalɔngɔswamaki.

Lo dibuku diande dia A World Lit Only by Fire, William Manchester akafunde ate: “Papa ya l’Ɔrɔma ya l’eleko ka dikumi l’atanu la ka dikumi l’asamalo wakasɛnaka oko emboledi w’ase Rɔmɔ. Vɔ mbakaleke ɛngɔnyi l’andja w’otondo, ndo vɔ la wa kardinalɛ yawɔ wakaleke ndjangɔnya lam’akawasondjaka elimu w’ekila.” L’edja kakasalemaka apɔstazi ɔsɔ a woke, elui wa totshitshɛ kana anto wakayakakitola wakayange dia mbishola Lokristo la mɛtɛ, lam’akawakɛnɛmɔlaka waonga w’eponga wa didjidji. Mbala efula, vɔ wakahɛnyahɛnyamaka ɔtɛkɔya. Dibuku diakɔ diamɛ mbutaka ɔnɛ: “L’etena kɛsɔ, akɛnamaka di’oko ekilami wa mɛtɛ wa lo Lokristo, oyadi laka Asɔnyi kana laka Mupɛ, wakayala amvwedi wa dietawɔ wakawahindja edima tshududu lo mbatshumba lo dja.” Akina, wanɛ wakayasɛmaka ɔnɛ Anɔngɔsɔdi w’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ mbewɔ, oko Martin Luther nde la Jean Calvin, wakɔshi tɛdikɔ dia tonga akongɛ w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ wa pondjo wakakakitwana l’Ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’aseka Mupɛ, koko vɔ wakatetemala la nama atshina a wetshelo wa l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ akɔ. Akongɛ akɔ asɔ, ndo vɔ lawɔ, wakayatambiya tshavu l’akambo wa pɔlitikɛ.

L’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’Asɔnyi, weolo wakadjama dia sala dikambo diasɛmawɔ ɔnɛ: osalanganyelo w’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ. Ɛnyɛlɔ, l’eleko ka 18 la ka 19, weolo ɛsɔ wakɛnama l’olimu a wolo wakakambe wa misiyɔnɛrɛ lo wedja w’angɛndangɛnda. Koko, lo ndjela akambo waketawɔka elami w’ɛkɔkɔ w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ vɔamɛ dia salema, ɛlɔ kɛnɛ, eongelo ka lemba l’ɛkɔkɔ w’ase Asɔnyi hayokeketsha anto kânga yema. Oscar Cullmann, ombewi w’akambo w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ w’ose Asɔnyi, atayala edja kakandetawɔ ate: “mbetawɔ kema l’atei w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ vɔamɛmɛ.”

L’atei w’Ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’aseka Mupɛ, ɛlɔngɔswɛlɔ wakasalema ndo ɛlɔshanelo w’ɛlɔngɔswɛlɔ wakikɔ. Oma l’eleko ka 11 polo 13, lo menda odianganelo wa ditshelo dia kɔlɔ ndo w’ɔngɔnyi w’efula w’ewandji w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ, elui ɛmɔtshi w’andjashi Nzambi wakalamaka dɔkɔlɔkɔ dia tshikala wola lo nna ndo lo nna wakasalema. Koko, elui akɔ ɛsɔ wakalamemaka la sso dia wolo ndo lo ndjela wa nomb’ewo, elui akɔ wakahandjɔma oma le ewandji wa lâdiko wa l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’aseka Mupɛ. L’ɔkɔngɔ diko, l’eleko ka 16, Ɔlɔshanelo w’Ɔlɔngɔswɛlɔ wakahɔhɔlama oma lo Losanganya la woke lakasalema l’osomba wa Trente wakatatɛ ndo vɔ wakalɔshanaka l’Ɔlɔngɔswɛlɔ w’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’Asɔnyi.

Lo etenyi ka l’ahende ka ntondo ka l’eleko ka 19, lam’akasalemaka ɔlɔngɔswɛlɔ w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ, Ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’aseka Mupɛ wakayasha dihole dia lowandji ndo wakalame ditshelo diawɔ di’ashidi. Kânga mbakidiɔ ɔsɔku, dikambo sɔ hadiokoke mbutama ɔnɛ ɔlɔngɔswɛlɔ wa mɛtɛ wakasalema dia mbolola Lokristo la mɛtɛ. Koko, akambo asɔ waki paka weolo wakadjama dia keketsha lowandji laki ewandji w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ la ntondo k’etshikitanelo w’akambo wa l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ, wa pɔlitikɛ ndo wa l’atshunda w’anto.

Atayala edja, l’ɛnɔnyi 1960, akɛnamaka di’oko Ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’aseka Mupɛ wakalange sala otshikitanelo a woke oma lo losanganya la woke l’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ efula lakawɔtɔ lelɛwɔ Vatikano II. Koko, papa l’Ɔrɔma ka lo nshi yakɔ akemadja etshikitanelo ɛsɔ wa l’onyɔ w’oma lo losanganya la woke la shashimoya dia minya yimba ya tosamb’ɛnɔngɔ (progressistes) ta l’atei w’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ. Etena kɛsɔ kelamɛ oma le anto amɔtshi ɔnɛ ɔlɔngɔswɛlɔ waki Wojtyła, kakalembetshiyama oma le olui ɔmɔtshi w’andjashi w’aseka Mupɛ wa lo wodja w’Italie oko “woho w’oyoyo wa ditshelo diaki Constantin.” Oko wɔtɛkɛtamidiɔ lo yoho ya lânde lo jurunalɛ ya wa Jésuite, La Civiltà Cattolica, Ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’aseka Mupɛ, oko ɛtɛmwɛlɔ ekina, wekɔ la ntondo “k’okakatanu oma ko tshina di’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ akɔ ndo kokanɛ l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’otondo: oma ko tshina nɛ dia vɔ mendanaka l’edo wa mbetawɔ ndo la lɔsɛnɔ l’Okristo; wokokane l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’otondo awɔ tshɛ nɛ dia vɔ mendanaka l’elimu tshɛ wa Lokristo.”

Mɛtɛ, etshikitanelo w’ɔlɔlɔ kosalema l’atei a Lokristo kristo, ndo lɔ kokoka sala dikambo sɔ, nɛ dia Lokristo la mɛtɛ lakahombe mbolwama paka l’etena ka “dinela,” lam’ayotshumanyema eponga wa didjidji oya l’atei w’ɔtɔi akɔ w’etshumanelo ka pudipudi. (Mateu 13:​30, 39) Lokema l’ediakanelo ndo l’akambo wa ngala wakasalema lo lokombo l’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ, kânga mbayasɛmawɔ ɔnɛ Akristo mbewɔ kana kema, mbetolaka dimbola dimɔtshi, dimbola diakɔ diɔ nɛ: Onde sunganaka dia nongamɛ ɔnɛ Lokristo kristo layosala etshikitanelo w’ɛlɔlɔ oka?

Onde Etshikitanelo w’Ɛlɔlɔ Hawokoke Salema?

Dibuku di’Enyelo, tɛkɛtaka dikambo dia omoto kanga monanyi efula lele la ehekesa ka lokombo l’ɔnɛ: “Babilona ka Wuki.” (Enyelo 17:​1, 5) L’edja ka deko la deko, ambadi efula wa Bible wakayange dia nembetshiya ehekesa ka didjidji sɔ. Efula kawɔ waki la lonyangu l’efula oma l’ɔngɔnyi la ditshelo dia kɔlɔ di’ewandji w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ. Amɔtshi wakakanaka vɔate: Babilɔna ka Woke ekɔ didjidji di’ewandji wa lâdiko w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ. L’atei w’anto akɔ, aki Jan Hus, osasɛrdɔsɛ w’oseka Mupɛ w’ose Bohême lakatshumbama asɛna l’ɔnɔnyi 1415, ndo Aonio Paleario, ombewi a waoho w’anto w’ose Italie, ɔnɛ lakawadiake lo kiɔdi ko mbotshumba l’ɔnɔnyi 1570. Vɔ akɔ ahende wakayatshutshuya dia nɔngɔsɔla Ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’aseka Mupɛ la kanyi y’ɔnɛ vɔ wayokalola lo “nɛmɔ diawɔ di’oma l’etatelo,” koko ndoko etombelo w’ɛlɔlɔ wakayala.

Koko, tshapita 17 la 18 ya lo Enyelo mɛnyaka ɔnɛ: Babilɔna ka Woke” ekɔ didjidji di’etshumanelo k’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ tshɛ wa kashi wa l’andja w’otondo.a “Umuntu kanga munanyi efula” ɔsɔ lokengami la tenyi efula halɔngɔswamaki pondjo nɛ dia “kolo yato yambukuma pulu ndu l’ulungu.” Mɛtɛ, l’eleko kɛnɛ ka 20, suke l’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ tshɛ, aha paka wa lo Lokristo kristo eto, wakahɔhɔla ata watatetemala la tshulola dikila efula ndo ohandjwelo wa ditshelo di’ɔlɔlɔ wahɛnyahɛnya anto. Omalɔkɔ, Nzambi akadjanga dia “Babilona” nanyema.​—⁠Enyelo 18:​5, 8.

“Nyutumbi Uma l’Atei Ato” Kakianɛ

Ekotshamelo ka pɔlɔfɛsi ya l’atei a Bible mɛnyaka dia nshi yaso nyɛ mbele “ekomelo ka dikongɛ di’akambo nɛ” dia kɔlɔ. (Mateu 24:​3, NW) Onto lele la saki k’oma k’ɛse otema ka tɛmɔla Nzambi hakoke ndjela tokanyi tande hita la kɛnɛ kalekande nanga. Nde pombaka ‘nyanga Jehowa etena kakokande tanema,’ eelo, oma kakianɛ, nɛ dia “fɔnu ka woke” kakatatshi Yeso kaya suke. (Isaya 55:6; Mateu 24:​21, NW) Oko wakɛnama dikambo diakɔ le ase Isariyɛlɛ, Nzambi hatendjola ditshelo dia kɔlɔ di’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ ɔmɔtshi paka l’ɔtɛ wasɛmawɔ edja kambowotshikala. Lo dihole dia vɔ ndjâtshutshuya dia nɔngɔsɔla masuwa wahomba ndjita l’ashi, wanɛ tshɛ walanga mbetawɔma le Nzambi ndo kondja panda pombaka, aha la tshimbatshimba, kitanyiya didjango diakasambiyama oma le Nzambi diele l’Enyelo 18:4: “Antu ami, nyutumbi uma l’atei [a Babilɔna ka Woke], Nyutukuyoto lu kolo yato, Ndu nyutukulungula asui ato.”

Ko ‘tomba oma l’atei atɔ’ ko ntshɔ lende na? Naa dihole dikina diahomba tanema panda na? Onde wâle kema dia mbɔlama lo dihole dia kɔlɔ oka? Woho akɔna wakokaso mbeya ɔtɔi akɔ w’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wetawɔma lo washo a Nzambi na? Okadimwelo wâmɛ wa mɛtɛ ndo wasungana kokaka tanema paka l’atei a Dui dia Nzambi. (2 Timote 3:​16, 17) Ɛmɛnyi wa Jehowa wekɔ lo kelɛ dia wɛ nyomoleka sɛdingola Bible l’ɔlɔlɔ tshɛ. Wɛ ayokoka shihodia wanɛ wakasɔnwama oma le Nzambi oko “antu amotshi . . . dia lukumbu landi,” wanɛ wayondokokɛ lo lushi lambusukana la kɛlɛ kande.​—⁠Etsha 15:14; Zefaniya 2:3; Enyelo 16:​14-16.

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Naka ɔtɛmwɛlɔ ayɛ wekɔ lo tadinde, yaka oya lo Lokristo la mɛtɛ, lɛnɛ ayokondja eko