Vakai ki he Māmaní
Ko e Vakai Fakatuʻamelié ʻOkú Ne Pouaki ʻa e Moʻui Fuoloá
Ko ha fakatotolo naʻe toki fakaʻosi ki muí ni naʻe ʻilo ai ko e kakai taʻumotuʻa ange fakataha mo ha vakai fakatuʻamelie lahi ange ki he moʻuí mo e hoholo ke motuʻá “naʻa nau moʻui lōloa ange ʻaki ʻa e taʻu ʻe 7.5 ʻi he faʻahinga taʻumotuʻa ko ia ʻoku siʻi ʻenau fakakaukau fakatuʻamelie fakaekita ki he hoholo ke motuʻá,” ko e lau ia ʻa ha pepa naʻe pulusi ʻi he Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Ko e fakatotoló, ʻa ia naʻe fai ʻo laka hake ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi ko e taʻu ʻe 23 ki he faʻahinga ʻe toko 660 naʻa nau taʻu 50 pea motuʻa ange aí, naʻe maʻu ai ʻa e meʻa ʻe ua: Ko ha fakakaukau fakatuʻatamaki ki he hoholo ke motuʻá “ʻoku lava ke ne holoki ʻa e lōloa ʻo e moʻuí,” pea ko ha fakakaukau fakatuʻamelie “ʻoku lava ke fakalōloa ai ʻa e lōloa ʻo e moʻuí.” Ko e moʻoni, ko e ngaahi fakakaukau fakatuʻamelie fakaekitá ʻe tokoni lahi ange nai ki he moʻui fuoloá ʻi he ngaahi meʻa hangē ko e māʻulalo ʻa e kolesitelolo ʻi he totó mo e lelei ʻa e mālohi ʻo e tafe ʻa e totó, ko e lau ia ʻa e līpōtí. ʻOku fakaʻosi ʻaki ai ʻa hono fakalototoʻaʻi ʻa e sōsaietí fakalūkufua ke nau fai ha vakai fakatuʻamelie ange ki he kau taʻumotuʻá ʻaki hono fakakau kinautolu ʻi he ngaahi ngāué pea ke “ʻoua ʻe loko tokanga ki he ngaahi sīpinga fakakaukau ʻoku ʻikai lelei ki he hoholo ke motuʻá,” ʻa ia ʻoku hehema ʻa e kakaí ke tali—neongo kapau ʻoku ʻikai te nau ʻilo—ʻo fakatupu maumau ai kia kinautolu.
Ngaahi Tangai Faʻoʻanga Fakatau Fakatupu Mate
ʻOku fakafuofua ʻi māmani lahi ʻi he taʻu kotoa pē ʻoku mate ai ʻa e fanga manu totolo, manupuna, pea mo e ika laka hake ʻi he 100,000 ko e tupu mei heʻenau kai pe ko hono fakafulutāmakiaʻi kinautolu ʻe he ngaahi tangai milemila liʻakí. ʻI ʻAositelēlia pē taha, ʻoku ngāueʻaki fakataʻu ai ʻe he kau fakataú ʻa e milemila faʻoʻanga fakatau ʻe 6.9 piliona, ko ha ʻavalisi ia ʻo e milemila ʻe 360 ki he toko taha fakatau taki taha. ʻI he fiká ni, ʻoku fakafuofua ko e tangai milemila ai ʻe 25 miliona ʻoku hoko ia ko e veve. Ko e Sunday Telegraph ʻa Seneé naʻe līpooti ai ʻi he konga ki mui ʻo e 2002 ʻo pehē koeʻuhi ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e mate lahi ʻa e fanga manú, ko e ngaahi supamāketi ʻi ʻAositelēliá te nau fetongi ʻa e ngaahi milemila faʻoʻanga fakatau anga-mahení ʻaki ha meʻa ʻe ala ʻauʻauhá. Neongo ko e ngaahi tangai foʻoú ʻoku hā pea ʻi he ala ki aí ʻoku hangē ha pelesitikí, ʻoku ngaohi ia mei he sitaasi manioké pea ʻe ʻauʻauha ia ʻi loto ʻi he māhina ʻe tolu. “Ko e ʻuluaki meʻa ia kuo mau maʻu heni ʻi ʻAositelēlia ʻa ia ʻoku ala ʻauʻauha pea ko hono totongí ʻoku tatau pē mo e ngaahi tangai milemila anga-mahení,” ko e lau ia ʻa Paul Shenston, ko e sea ʻo e kulupu fakafofonga fakaeʻātakai ko e Palanite ʻAʻake. Ko ha savea ki muí ni naʻe ʻilo ai ko e “peseti ʻe 81 ʻo e kau fakataú ʻoku nau ‘tui mālohi’ ko e ngaahi tangai ala ʻauʻauhá ʻoku totonu ke ngāueʻakí.”
Ko e Mahuʻinga ʻo e Lautohí
“Ko e vēkeveke ʻa e fānaú ki he lautohi ʻi honau taimi ʻataá ʻoku ʻi ai ʻene ola lelei lahi ange ki heʻenau lavameʻa fakaeakó ʻi he koloa mo e tuʻunga ʻo honau ngaahi fāmilí,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e Independent ʻo Lonitoní. Ko ha fakatotolo fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻo e ngaahi tōʻonga lautohi ʻa e kau taʻu 15 naʻe ʻilo ai ko e “hoko ʻo vēkeveke ange ki he lautohí” pea mo e hoko “ko ha toko taha faʻa lautohí” naʻe hoko ʻo ʻaonga lahi ange ia ʻi hono maʻu ha ngaahi mātuʻa ako lelei ʻi he ngaahi ngāue totongi leleí. Naʻe ʻiloʻi he fakatotoló ko e “kau taʻu 15 mei he ngaahi ʻātakai masiva taha ʻa ia ko e kau vēkeveke lautohi lahí naʻa nau maaka māʻolunga ange ʻi he ngaahi sivi lautohí (ko ha ʻavalisi ko e 540) ʻi he fānau ʻa e kau tuʻunga fakapalōfesinale māʻolunga taha ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai te nau mahuʻingaʻia ʻi he lautohí (491),” ko e lau ia ʻa e pepá. Ko ha savea ʻo e kau taʻu hongofulu tupu laka hake he toko 1,000 naʻe ʻiloʻi ai ko e “tamaiki fefiné ʻoku ngalingali lahi ange ke nau lautohi ki heʻenau fiefiá ʻi he tamaiki tangatá.” Ko e peseti ʻe 75 ʻo e tamaiki fefiné ʻi he fakahoa ki he peseti ʻe 55 ʻo e tamaiki tangatá naʻa nau pehē ne nau lau ha tohi ʻi he māhina kuo maliu atú.
Maluʻi mei he Namú
“ʻI he laka hake he kalasi ʻe 2,500, ko e namú ʻoku ʻi ai ia ʻi he palanité fakakātoa,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e makasini México Desconocido. Lolotonga ʻoku kai ʻa e namu tangatá mo e fefiné fakatouʻosi mei he huhuʻa melie ʻo e matalaʻiʻakaú, ko e fanga namu fefiné pē ʻoku uʻú. Ko hono olá, ʻoku nau fetuku holo ai ʻa e malēliá, tengí, mo e vailasi West Nile ki he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. ʻE lava fēfē ke ke maluʻi koe mei he namú? ʻOku fokotuʻu mai ʻe he līpōtí ʻa eni: (1) Fakaʻehiʻehi mei he hū ki tuʻa ʻi he malu efiafí pea ʻi he poʻulí, ʻa e taimi ʻoku longomoʻui taha ai ʻa e fanga namú. (2) Ngāueʻaki ʻa e tainamú, sai ange ke ʻai ki ai ha meʻa seʻe ʻinisēkite. (3) Tui ha vala ngakōkō nima lōloa mo e talausese lōloa, pea kapau ʻe fiemaʻu, ko ha tatā ʻoku tainamu ke ʻufiʻufi ai ʻa e foʻi ʻulú kotoa. (4) Ngāueʻaki ha meʻa seʻe ʻinisēkite ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻo e kilí ʻoku ʻasi ki tuʻá. (5) Folo fakaʻaho ha milikalami ʻe 300 ʻo e vaitamini B1. ʻOku ʻai ʻe he meʻá ni ʻa e pupuha ʻo e kakai ʻe niʻihi ke fehiʻa ai ʻa e namú. (6) ʻI he ngaahi feituʻu anoanó, valiʻaki ʻa e pelepelá ho kilí ko ha meʻa maluʻi fakavavevave. Kapau ʻoku uʻu koe, fakaʻehiʻehi mei hono vakú koeʻuhí he ko e ʻalu ki tuʻa ʻa e totó ʻe lava ke iku ai ki ha mahaki. ʻI hono kehé ngāueʻaki ha kilimi calamine.
Fanga Kiʻi Lauʻiʻakau Faitoʻo Fakatuʻutāmaki
“Ko e tui manakoa ko ia ʻo pehē koeʻuhi ʻoku fakanatula ʻa e ʻakaú ʻoku ʻikai te nau maumauʻi ʻi ha founga ʻa e sinó ʻoku hala ia,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa e nusipepa El Financiero ʻo e Kolo Mekisikoú. Fakatatau kia Abigail Aguilar Contreras ʻo e Kautaha Maluʻi Fakasōsiale Mekisikoú, ko e faitoʻo fakaekita ʻaki ʻa e fanga kiʻi lauʻiʻakau faitoʻó ʻoku lava ke hoko ia ʻo fakatuʻutāmaki. “Ko e ngāueʻaki taʻetotonu ʻo e ngaahi ʻakau faitoʻó ʻe lava ke ne maumauʻi ʻa e sinó pea aʻu ʻo fakatupu mate, he ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ngāue pe faitoʻo kona tapu ʻi loto ai,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e pepá. Ko ha fakatātā ko e lolie engeengá, ʻa ia ʻoku ngāueʻaki ki he fakaholó. Ko e lauʻiʻakau ko ení ʻoku lava ke ne fakatupunga ʻa e fakalele mo e lua pea ʻoku lava ke ne maumauʻi ʻa e mafú. Ko ia ai, ʻe fakaʻamu nai ha taha ke kumi faleʻi ki ha toko taha taukei ʻi he faitoʻo lauʻiʻakaú ki muʻa ke ne fili ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e fanga kiʻi lauʻiʻakaú ki he ngaahi taumuʻa fakafaitoʻó.
Ngaahi Faʻē Taʻu Hongofulu Tupu
ʻI Mekisikou ko e peseti ʻo e kakai fefine ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e taʻu 10 ki he 19 ʻoku nau feitamá “kuo tupu ia ʻaki ʻa e peseti ʻe 50 ʻi he hongofuluʻi taʻu ʻe tolu fakamuimuí,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e makasini ko e Cambio ʻo e Kolo Mekisikoú. Ko e tupu ko ení kuo hoko ia neongo ʻa e ngaahi polokalama fakavahavahafanaú mo e ngaahi koosi fakaako ki he fehokotaki fakasinó ʻi he ngaahi ako ʻa e puleʻangá. Ko e ngaahi fakatotolo naʻe fai ʻe he kau maʻu mafai ki he moʻui leleí ʻoku fakaeʻa ai ko e “kau talavou ʻoku ifí, inu ʻa e ngaahi inu ʻolokaholó, pe ngāueʻaki ha faʻahinga faitoʻo kona tapu taʻefakalaó ʻoku liunga fā ʻenau hehema lahi ange ke fakahoko ha ngaahi felāveʻi fakaefehokotaki fakasino ʻi ha taʻu siʻí.” Tānaki atu ki ai, ko e peseti ʻe 30 ʻo e ngaahi faʻē finemuí ʻoku nau maʻu ha kiʻi tama taʻepalani ko hono uá ia ʻi he teʻeki ke ʻosi ha taʻu mei hono fāʻeleʻi ʻenau ʻuluaki tamá, pea ko e peseti ʻe 50 ʻoku nau fanauʻi ha tama hono ua ʻi loto ʻi he taʻu ʻe uá. Tānaki atu ki he ngaahi palopalema fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi feitama ʻi he taʻu hongofulu tupú mo e ki muʻa ʻi he taʻu hongofulu tupú, ko e peseti ʻe 60 ʻo e ngaahi faʻē kei siʻi ko ení kuo pau ke nau tauhi hake ʻenau fānaú ʻo taʻekau ai ʻa e poupou ʻa e tamai ʻa e kiʻi tamá.
ʻOua ʻAupito ʻe Lulu ha Kiʻi Pēpē!
Ko hono lulu lahi ha kiʻi pēpeé ʻoku fakatupunga ai ha mafihungatāmaki e kiá mo e ʻulú ʻa ia ʻoku “lava ke ne fakatupunga ʻa e fānoa e totó ʻi loto he ʻulú pea fakalahi ai ʻa e teke ʻi he foʻi ʻutó, ʻo fakatupunga ia ke movete,” ko e lau ia ʻa e nusipepa Toronto Star. Koeʻuhi ko e ngaahi uoua ʻo ha kiʻi pēpē ʻoku ʻikai ke tupu kakato ia pea ʻoku fuʻu vaivai anga kehe ʻa e tisiū he ʻutó, “ko hono lulu ha kiʻi pēpē ʻi ha ngaahi sekoni siʻi peé ʻe lava ke fakatupu maumau ia ʻi he kotoa ʻo e moʻuí. Ko e ngaahi maumaú ʻoku lava ke kau ki ai ʻa e pupula mo e maumau ʻa e ʻutó, ʻikai ngāue lelei ʻa e ʻatamaí, ʻatamai tuai, tuai ʻa e tupú, kui, mole ʻa e fanongó, mamatea pea mo e mate.” Ko Dr. James King, ko ha toketā ki he fānaú ʻi he Falemahaki ki he Fānaú ʻo e Fakahahake ʻo Ontario, kuó ne fai ha fakatotolo ki he ngaahi nunuʻa ʻo hono lulu ʻo e fanga kiʻi pēpeé. ʻOkú ne pehē ʻoku fiemaʻu ke akoʻi ʻa e kakaí, he ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga lahi ko e ngaahi laveá ʻoku ʻikai hā ngofua ia pea ko e pēpeé ʻe ʻasi nai ai ʻa e fakaʻilonga ʻo hangē ʻokú ne maʻu ha fulū pe ko ha mahaki vailasi. “Ko e pōpoaki ki he ʻikai ʻaupito totonu ke ke lulu ha kiʻi pēpeé kuo pau ke fakahaaʻi ia pea ke leʻo-lahi mo mahino,” ko e lau ia ʻa Dr. King. “Ko e ngaahi mātuʻa foʻoú kuo pau ke nau ʻiloʻi ʻa e meʻá ni.”
Ko ha Fakamole Paʻanga ʻa e Fakamole ki he Fakaholó?
“Ko e kakai ʻe toko 231 miliona nai ʻi he ʻIunioni ʻIulopé naʻa nau feinga fakaholo kai ʻi he 2002,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e International Herald Tribune ʻo Pālesí. Fakatatau ki ha līpooti ʻa e Datamonitor, ko ha kulupu ʻoku nau muimuiʻi ʻa e fakalakalaka ʻi he ngāueʻangá, ko e kau fakaholo ʻi ʻIulopé naʻa nau fakamoleki ʻa e tola ʻe 100 piliona ʻi he ngaahi koloa fakaholó ʻi he taʻu kuo ʻosí—“ko e tatau fakaʻekonōmika ia ʻo e koloa fakakātoa kuo ngaohi ʻe Molokó.” Kae kehe, “ʻoku tokosiʻi ange ʻi he 4 milioná te nau lavameʻa ʻi hono tauhi maʻu ʻa e holo ʻo e mamafá ʻo laka hake ʻi ha taʻu,” pea “siʻi ange ʻi he toko taha fakaholo ʻe taha ʻi he toko 50 ʻi ʻIulope ʻokú ne lavaʻi ʻa e holo tuʻumaʻu ʻo e mamafá,” ko e lau ia ʻa e pepá. ʻOku māʻolunga taha ʻa Siamane ʻi he fakamole ki he ngaahi meʻa fakaholó, ʻoku totongi ai ʻe he kau fakaholó ʻa e meimei tola ʻe 21 piliona ki he ngaahi koloa fakaholó, lolotonga ia ʻoku fakamoleki ʻi Pilitānia ʻa e meimei tola ʻe 16 piliona. Ko e kau konisiuma ʻi ʻĪtalí ʻoku nau fakamoleki ʻa e tola nai ʻe 15 piliona pea 14 piliona ʻa Falanisē. Fakatatau ki he Datamonitor, ko e lau ia ʻa e Tribune, “ko e pōpoaki ʻoku fiemaʻu ke maʻu ʻe he kau fakaholó ko e kaí ʻataʻatā pē ʻoku ʻikai ko ha fakaleleiʻanga tuʻuloa ia ki he fuʻu mamafa tōtuʻá.”