Ko e ʻŪ Suka ʻo e Moʻuí

KO E SUKÁ​—ngalingali kuó ke ngāueʻaki ia ke fakamelieʻaki ha meʻa, hangē ko e keké pe ko e kofí. Ka naʻá ke ʻilo ʻe hanga nai ʻe he suká ʻo kamataʻi ha liukava ʻi he paiolosií ʻa ia ʻe lava ke fakatatau ia ki he liukava ko ia naʻe kamata ʻi hono ʻilo ʻo e DNA?

ʻI he ngaahi taimi ki mui maí kuo ako ai ʻa e kau saienisí ki he anga hono ngāueʻaki ʻe he fanga kiʻi selá ʻa e suka tefito hangē ko e kulukosé ke faʻuʻaki ha ngaahi molekula lalahi “ʻa ia ʻoku fakatatau ia ki he DNA mo e polotiní ʻi he lahí mo e fihí,” ko e lau ia ʻa e pepa New Scientist. “Ko e ʻū suká ʻoku kaunga ia ki he meimei tafaʻaki kotoa pē ʻo e paiolosií, mei hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e fanga kiʻi siemu fakatupu mahakí, ki he fatu ʻo e totó, pea ki he malava ʻa e huhuʻa fakafanau ʻo e tangatá ke hū ki he ʻōvamú.” ʻI he taimi tatau, ko e ngaahi tamele ʻi heʻenau tuifió kuo fakafekauʻaki ia mo e tupulekina ʻo e lahi ʻo e ngaahi mahaki, hangē ko e ngāvaivai ʻa e uouá mo e langa mo e fufula ʻa e hokotanga huí. “Ko e toki kamata pē eni ke ʻiloʻi ʻe he kau faipaiolosií ʻa e ngāue ʻa e ʻū suka ko ení,” ko e lau ia ʻa e līpōtí, “ka ʻi heʻenau ʻilo iá, ʻoku nau ʻiloʻi ai kuo pau ke nau toe fakakaukau ki he ngaahi fakakaukau motuʻa fekauʻaki mo e anga ʻo e ngāue ʻa e moʻuí.”

Kuo faʻu ʻe he kau saienisí ʻa e foʻi lea “kilikome” (glycome) ke lave ki he kātoa ʻo e suka ʻoku ngaohi ʻe ha kiʻi sela pe ko ha meʻamoʻui, hangē pē ko e foʻi lea “kēnome” (genome) ʻoku fakakau kotoa ai ʻa e ngaahi kenisí. Kae kehe, ko e kilikome ʻo ha kiʻi sela, “ngalingali ʻoku laulaui afe lahi ange ʻene fihí ʻana ʻi he kēnomé,” ko e lau ia ʻa Ajit Varki, ko e talēkita ʻo e Senitā Fekumi mo e Ako Kilikopaiolosī ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo Kalefōnia, Seni Tieko, U.S.A. Ko e hā ʻoku fihi pehē ai ʻa e kilikomé?

ʻI loto ʻi he fanga kiʻi selá, ko e ʻū suka tefitó​—ʻa e ngaahi suka lōtahá—ʻoku nau fehokotaki fakataha ke faʻu ʻa e ngaahi suka lōlahi. ʻOku hoko atu leva ʻa e ngaahi meʻá ni, ʻo fakatahatahaʻi ko e ngaahi molekula lalahi ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai nai ʻa e ngaahi ʻiuniti laka hake he 200 ʻo e ngaahi suka tefitó. Koeʻuhi ko e founga tafaʻaki tolu ʻa ia ʻoku faʻuʻaki ʻa e ngaahi suka ko ení, ʻa ia ko e tafaʻaki tefito ia ki heʻenau ngāué, “ko ha suka ʻoku faʻuʻaki ha ʻiuniti pē ʻe ono ʻe lava ke ne maʻu ha fōtunga lahi fakaʻulia nai ʻe 12 piliona,” ko e lau ia ʻa e New Scientist.

ʻI hono fakamatalaʻi ʻa e ngaahi palopalema fakatupu loto-siʻi ko ia ʻoku fehangahangai mo e kau fekumí ʻi he malaʻe langalanga hake ko eni ʻoku ui ko e kilikopaiolosī (glycobiology), naʻe pehē ʻe Varki: “ʻOku hangē ia haʻamau toki fuofua ʻilo ʻa e konitinēniti ʻo ʻAmelika Tokelaú. Kuo pau leva he taimí ni ke mau fekauʻi atu ha kau asiasi ke ʻilo pe ʻoku lahi fēfē eni.”

ʻOku hā mahino, ko e ngaahi faʻunga fihi ko eni ʻo e kiʻi sela moʻuí ʻokú ne tala ʻe ia ha poto ʻi he tuʻunga māʻolunga tahá. ʻI he tuʻunga ʻo e ngaahi meʻa lahi, ko e foʻi moʻoni ko ení ʻokú ne fakatupunga ha ongoʻi ʻo e fakatumutumu loto-ʻapasia. Ko e anga ia hoʻo ongoʻí?​—Fakahā 4:11.