“ʻOku Mau Manatu ki he . . . Kaliki”

Mei he tokotaha-tohi ʻĀ Hake! ʻi he Lepupilika Tominiká

KAPAU ʻokú ke mamaʻo mei ʻapi fakataha mo e hala ha meʻa ʻi he keté, ko e hā ʻa e meʻakai te ke saiʻia ke kaí? Te ke fakakaukau nai ki he ngaahi fuaʻiʻakau mo e vesitapolo foʻou ʻoku tupu ʻi ho fonua tupuʻangá, pe mahalo te ke fakakaukau nai ki ha sitiu huʻohuʻa mo ifo naʻe faʻa ngaohi ʻe hoʻo fineʻeikí ʻaki ʻa e kakanoʻi manú pe iká. Ka ʻe fakaʻuakai nai kia koe ʻa e kālikí?

ʻI he taʻu nai ʻe 3,500 kuohilí, ʻi he fāifononga atu ʻa e kakai ʻIsilelí ʻo fou ʻi he toafa Sainaí, naʻa nau pehē: “ʻOku mau manatu ki he ika naʻa mau kai taʻetotongi ʻi Isipite; ʻa e kukamipa, mo e meleni, mo e liki, mo e onioni, mo e kaliki.” (Nomipa 11:​4, 5) ʻIo, naʻa nau fakaʻamua ʻa e kālikí. Naʻe manako ʻaupito ʻa e kau Siú he kālikí he ʻi he fakatatau ki he tukufakaholó, naʻa nau ui kinautolu ko e kau kai kāliki.

Naʻe anga-fēfē hono fakatupulekina ʻe he kau ʻIsilelí ha saiʻia ʻi he kālikí? Lolotonga ʻa ʻenau nofo fuoloa ʻi he taʻu ʻe 215 ʻi ʻIsipité, naʻe hoko ʻa e kālikí ko ha konga ia ʻo ʻenau meʻatokoní. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he fakamoʻoni fakaʻākeolosiá ʻo pehē ki muʻa fuoloa pea toki tūʻuta ʻa Sēkope mo hono fāmilí ʻi ʻIsipité, naʻe ʻosi tō ʻe he kau ʻIsipité ia ʻa e kālikí. ʻOku līpooti mai ʻe he faihisitōlia Kalisi ko Helotōtasí naʻe fakatau ʻe he kau maʻu mafai ʻIsipité ha onioni, lētisi mo e kāliki lahi ʻaupito ke fafangaʻaki ʻenau kau pōpula langa pilamitá. Ko e meʻatokoni ko ení, ʻa ia naʻe lahi ai ʻa e kālikí, naʻe hā ngali naʻá ne fakatupulekina ʻa e mālohi mo e ivi ʻo e kau ngāué. ʻI he taimi naʻe tanu ai ʻe he kau ʻIsipité ʻa Felo Tutenikamení, naʻa nau tuku ʻi hono faʻitoká ʻa e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga lahi, ʻo kau ai ʻa e kālikí. Ko e moʻoni, naʻe ʻikai ha ʻaonga ʻa e kālikí ki he maté, ka kuo fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa ʻene ʻaonga ʻaupito ki he kau moʻuí.

Faitoʻo Mālohi

Naʻe fuoloa pē hono ngāueʻaki ʻe he kau toketaá ʻa e kālikí ʻi hono faitoʻo ʻa ʻenau kau mahakí. ʻI he laui senituli lahi he kuohilí naʻe fakaongoongoleleiʻi ai ʻe he ongo toketā ko Hipokeletisi mo Taiosikolitesí ʻa hono ngāueʻaki ia ki hono faitoʻo ʻa e ngaahi palopalema fakamolū-meʻakaí, kiliá, kanisaá, kafó, mahaki pipihí mo e palopalema ʻa e mafú. ʻI he senituli hono 19, naʻe ako ai ʻa e kēmisi Falanisē ko Louis Pasteur ʻo kau ki he kālikí peá ne fakamatalaʻi ʻa hono natula tāmate siemú. ʻI ʻAfilika lolotonga ʻa e senituli hono 20, naʻe ngāueʻaki ai ʻe Albert Schweitzer, ko ha misinale mo ha toketā ongoongoa, ʻa e kālikí ke faitoʻoʻaki ʻa e ngaahi mahaki fakalelé mo e ngaahi mahaki kehé. ʻI he taimi naʻe siʻisiʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo fakaeonopooni ʻa e kau toketā fakakautau Lūsiá lolotonga ʻa e Tau II ʻa Māmaní, naʻa nau ngāueʻaki ʻa e kālikí ke faitoʻoʻaki ʻa e kau sōtia naʻe kafó. Ko ia naʻe hoko ai ʻa e kālikí ʻo ʻiloa ko e penisilini Lūsiá. Ki muí ni mai, kuo ako ʻa e kau saienisí ki he founga ʻoku ʻaonga ai ʻa e kālikí ki he halanga totó.

Ko ia ʻoku hoko ʻa e kālikí ʻo tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻi hono ivi fakameʻatokoní pea mo fakafaitoʻó, pea ko hono nanamú mo e ifó ʻoku makehe moʻoni. Ko fē naʻe fuofua tō ai ʻa e kālikí? ʻOku tui ʻa e kau saienisi ʻakau ʻe niʻihi naʻe tupu ia ʻi ʻĒsia lotoloto, pea naʻe mafola mai mei ai ki he kotoa ʻo e foʻi kolopé. Tau sio angé ki ha feituʻu fakaʻofoʻofa ʻi he Hemisefia Uēsité ʻa ia ʻoku ʻiloa ai ʻa e kālikí.

Ko Hono Tō e Kālikí ʻi Constanza

Ko e Teleʻa Constanza, ʻi he Lepupilika Tominiká, ʻoku māfana lelei ai ʻa e ʻeá. ʻI hono takatakaiʻi ʻe he ngaahi moʻungá, ʻoku mahu ai ʻa e teleʻá ʻi he kelekele moʻuí mo e toutou tō ʻa e ʻuhá. Ko Constanza ko ha feituʻu lelei ia ki hono tō ai ʻa e kālikí.

ʻI Sepitema pe ʻOkatopa, ʻoku fakaʻataʻatā pea palau ai ʻe he kau ngoue ʻo Constanza ʻa ʻenau ngoueʻangá, ʻo ʻai ha ngaahi foʻi luo lōloa loloto ʻoku fakamavahevaheʻi ʻe he ngaahi fokotuʻunga kelekele ʻoku mita ʻe taha nai honau fālahí. ʻI he ngaahi fokotuʻunga taki taha ko ení, ʻoku nau tofi ai ʻa e ngaahi foʻi luo lōloa ʻikai loko loloto ʻe tolu pe fā ʻa ia te nau tō ai ʻa e kālikí. ʻI he taimi tatau, ʻoku fakamavaheʻi ʻe he kau ngāué ʻa e ngaahi fohaʻi kāliki kakató ki he ngaahi foʻi kāliki tāutaha. Hili hono fakavai ʻa e ngaahi foʻi kālikí ʻi he vaí he miniti ʻe 30, ʻoku tuku kinautolu ʻe he kau ngāué ʻi he ngaahi foʻi luo ʻikai loko loloto naʻe teuteuʻi ke tō aí. Lolotonga ʻa e faʻahitaʻu momoko feʻunga ʻo Tominiká, ʻoku tupu ai ʻa e kālikí.

ʻI Maʻasi pe ʻEpeleli, ʻoku kamata ai ʻa e utu-taʻú. ʻOku taʻaki hake ʻe he kau ngāué ʻa e kāliki kuo motuʻá pea tuku kinautolu ʻi he ngoueʻangá ʻi he ʻaho ʻe nima pe ono. ʻOku nau toki tānaki leva ʻa e kālikí, ʻo tuʻusi ʻa e aká mo e konga ki ʻolungá, pea tuku ʻa e ngaahi fohaʻi kāliki maʻá ʻi he ngaahi tānakiʻanga ʻoku ui ko e cribas. ʻOku nau tuku ʻa e cribas kuo fonú ʻi he laʻaá ʻi ha ʻaho ʻe taha ke fakatolonga ʻi hono fakamōmoá ʻa e kāliki kuo taʻakí. Hili iá, ʻoku maau leva ia ki hono fakatau atu.

Ko ha Kiʻi Meʻi Kāliki, ko ha Nanamu Mālohi

ʻI hoʻo tangutu hifo ke kai ha sitiu pe sālati ifó, ʻoku vave hono tala ʻe ho ihú pe ʻoku ʻi he meʻakaí ha kāliki. Kae kehe, ko e hā ʻoku ʻikai ke ʻi ai ai ha nanamu ʻo e kālikí ʻi heʻene kei ʻi loto ʻi hono foʻi fohá? ʻOku ʻi he kālikí ʻa e ngaahi kemikale mālohi ʻa ia ʻoku nau femavahevaheʻaki kae ʻoua kuo volu, hifi pe laiki ha foʻi kāliki. ʻI hoʻo momosi ha foʻi kālikí, ʻoku hoko ai ʻo fio ha ʻenisaime ʻoku ui ko e alliinase mo ha meʻa ʻoku ui ko e alliin. ʻOku hoko ai ha foʻi fefiohi fakakemikale he taimi pē ko iá, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻu ai ʻa e allicin, ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo e nanamu mo e ifo ʻo e kālikí.

ʻI hoʻo uʻu ha konga kāliki foʻoú, ʻoku hangē ia ha pahū ʻa e allicin ʻi ho ngutú. Pe ʻoku ʻai koe ʻe he meʻá ni ke ke ifoʻia pe ʻikai, ʻe vave hono kapu koe ʻe he nanamu ʻo e kālikí. ʻE lava ke ke fai ha meʻa ke fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e nanamu ʻo e kālikí ʻi hoʻo mānavá? Te ke ʻahiʻahi nai ke lamu ha meʻi vaʻa pasilī pe ko ha meʻi kolove (sipaisi) ke fakasiʻisiʻiʻaki ʻa e nanamu ʻo e kālikí.

Kae manatuʻi ko e kāliki ʻi hoʻo mānavá ʻoku tautefito ʻene haʻú ʻaʻana mei ho maʻamaʻá. ʻI hoʻo kai ʻa e kālikí, ʻoku fakahoko leva ia ʻe ho sisitemi fakamolū-meʻakaí ki ho tafeʻanga-totó, ʻa ia ʻokú ne ʻave ia ki ho maʻamaʻá. ʻI hoʻo tukuange hoʻo mānavá, ʻoku haʻu ai ki tuʻa ʻa hono nanamu mālohí. Ko ia ko e meʻa fufulu ngutú mo e pasilií ʻoku ʻikai te na fakangata ʻosi ʻa e mānava ʻoku namu kālikí. ʻOku ʻi ai ha fakaleleiʻanga tuʻuloa ki he palopalema ko ení? ʻOku ʻikai. Ka ʻo kapau ʻoku kai kāliki ʻa e tokotaha kotoa ʻoku nau takatakaiʻi koé, tā heʻikai nai ha taha te ne fakatokangaʻi!

ʻI he ngaahi fonua lahi ʻoku taʻealafakaʻuta atu ke kai ha meʻakai ʻo taʻekau ai ʻa e kālikí. Pea naʻa mo e feituʻu ʻoku anga-maheni pē ai hono ngāueʻaki tokanga ʻa e kālikí, ʻoku tui ʻa e kau kai kāliki tokolahi ko hono ngaahi ʻaongá ʻoku lahi mamaʻo ange ia ʻi hono ngaahi maumaú.

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 31]

Ko hono fakamōmoa ʻa e kāliki kuo taʻakí

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 31]

Ko e Teleʻa Constanza

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 31]

Ko e hā ʻoku toki nanamu pē ai ʻa e kālikí ʻi he hili hono laikí?