Ko e sela ʻīsité ʻoku fihi fakaʻulia. ʻOku ʻi ai hono uho ʻoku fokotuʻutuʻu maau fakataha mo ha DNA pea mo ha fanga kiʻi mīsini iiki ʻaupito ʻa ia ʻoku nau fakafaʻahinga, fetuku, mo liliu ʻa e ngaahi molekulá—ʻa ia ʻoku mahuʻinga kotoa eni ki he moʻui ʻa e selá.
Meʻa ʻOku Tala Mai ʻe he Moʻuí
Ko e meʻamoʻui takatakai kiate kitautolú ʻoku nau tupu, ngaue, mo fakatokolahi. ʻOku nau ʻai hotau palanité ke makehe atu hono fakaʻofoʻofá. Pea ʻi he ʻahó ni, ʻoku toe lahi ange ʻa e ʻilo ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ki he ngaahi meʻamoʻuí ʻi ha toe taimi ki muʻa. Ko e hā ʻoku tala mai ʻe he moʻuí fekauʻaki mo hono tupuʻangá? Fakakaukau ki heni.
Ko e moʻuí ʻoku hā ngali naʻe tisaini. Ko e ngaahi meʻamoʻuí ʻoku faʻuʻaki ia ʻa e fanga kiʻi sela. ʻI he hangē ha fanga kiʻi fale ngāué, ʻoku nau fai ʻa e ngaahi ngāue mātuʻaki fihi ke fakatolonga mo toe fakatupu ha moʻui. Ko e ngāue ko iá ʻe lava ke maʻu ia ʻo meimei ʻi he feituʻu kotoa. Ko e fakatātaá, fakakaukau ki he ʻīsité, ʻa ia ko ha kiʻi meʻamoʻui ʻoku faʻuʻaki ha foʻi sela ʻe taha. ʻI hono fakahoa atu ki he sela ʻo e tangatá, ko e sela ʻīsité ʻe hā ngali ko ha meʻa faingofua. Ka ʻoku fihi fakaʻulia ia. Ko e sela ʻīsité ʻoku ʻi ai hono uho ʻoku fokotuʻutuʻu maau fakataha mo ha DNA. ʻOku fakanaunau ia ʻaki ha “fanga kiʻi mīsini” iiki ʻaupito ʻa ia ʻoku nau fakafaʻahinga, fetuku, mo liliu ʻa e ngaahi molekulá—ʻa e ngaahi sitepu ʻoku mahuʻinga ki he moʻui ʻa e ngaahi meʻamoʻui ko ení. ʻI he taimi ʻoku ʻosi ai ʻa e meʻakai ʻa ha sela ʻīsite, ʻokú ne kamataʻi ha ngāue fakakemikale fihi ke ne fakamāmālieʻi ʻene ngāué. Ko e ʻuhinga eni ʻoku lava ai ke tuku ʻa e ʻīsité ʻi he peitó ʻi ha taimi lōloa pea toki moʻui pē ʻi hono ngāueʻaki ki ha taʻo meʻa.
Kuo ako ʻe he kau faisaienisí ʻa e sela ʻīsité ʻi he laui hongofuluʻi taʻu ke nau lava ʻo mahinoʻi lelei ange ʻa e ngaahi sela ʻo e tangatá. Ka ʻoku kei toe lahi pē ʻa e meʻa ke nau mahinoʻí. “ʻOku ʻikai pē ke tokolahi feʻunga ʻa e kau faipaiolosií ke ʻahiʻahiʻi ʻa e meʻa kotoa pē ʻoku mau loto ke fai ke mahinoʻi naʻa mo e anga ʻo e ngāue ʻa e ʻīsité,” ko e lau ia ʻa Ross King, ko ha palōfesa ʻi he Chalmers University of Technology ʻi Suēteni.
Ko e hā hoʻo fakakaukaú? Ko e tuʻunga fihi fakaʻulia ʻo e kiʻi sela ʻīsité ʻokú ne ʻomai ʻa e fakamoʻoni ʻo ha tisaini? ʻE lava ke hoko mai ha tisaini pehē ʻo taʻeʻiai hano tokotaha-tisaini?
Ko e moʻuí ʻoku tupu pē ia mei he moʻui. Ko e DNA ʻoku faʻuʻaki ia ʻa e fanga kiʻi molekula ʻoku ui ko e nucleotide. Ko e sela taki taha ʻi he sino ʻo e tangatá ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e fanga kiʻi nucleotide ʻe 3.2 piliona. ʻOku fokotuʻutuʻu kinautolu ʻi ha sīpinga pau koeʻuhi ke lava ʻa e selá ʻo faʻu ʻa e ʻenisaimé mo e polotiní.
ʻOku pehē ʻe he kau faisaienisí ko e faingamālie ke tupukoso hake pē naʻa mo ha kiʻi tuʻoni nucleotide ʻo ne faʻu ʻa e sīpinga totonú ʻoku fakafuofua ki he 1 ʻi he 10150 (1 mo e foʻi noa ʻe 150). ʻOku ʻuhinga iá ʻe mātuʻaki taʻemalava ke hoko ha meʻa pehē.
Ko hono moʻoní kuo ʻikai lava ke fakamoʻoniʻi ʻe he kau faisaienisí ko e moʻuí ʻe lava ke ākenoa hake pē mei ha meʻa mate.
Ko e moʻui ʻa e tangatá ʻoku laulōtaha. ʻOku tau maʻu ʻa e ngaahi anga ʻokú ne ʻai ke tau lava ʻo fiefia kakato ʻi he moʻuí—pea ʻi he ngaahi founga ʻoku kehe ia mei ha toe meʻamoʻui. Ko ʻetau malava ke faʻu ha meʻá, pōtoʻi fakaefetuʻutakí, mo ʻetau ngaahi ongoʻí ʻoku mahulu atu ia. ʻOku tau houngaʻia mo fiefia ʻi he malava ke tau ʻahiʻahiʻi mo nāmuʻi ha meʻa, ko e ngaahi ongó, lanú, mo e malava ke sió. ʻOku tau palani ki he kahaʻú pea kumi ki ha moʻui mohu ʻuhinga.
Ko e hā hoʻo fakakaukaú? Ko e ngaahi anga ko iá naʻe tuputupu māmālie hake ia ʻiate kitautolu koeʻuhí naʻa tau fiemaʻu ia ki he moʻuí mo e fakafanaú? Pe ʻoku fakahaaʻi mai heni ko e moʻuí ko ha meʻaʻofa ia mei ha Tokotaha-Fakatupu ʻofa?