ʻOkú Ke Fakaʻānaua ki ha Māmani Faitotonu?
ʻOKU fakaofiofi atu ha vaka papa fefolauʻaki ʻoku fanā tolu mo fungavaka ua ki he matāfonua ʻo ia ʻoku ui he taimí ni ko Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. ʻOku ongosia ʻa e kauvaka mo e kau pāsese ʻe toko 101 ʻoku heká mei he nofo ʻi he tahí ʻo feʻunga mo e ʻaho ʻe 66. ʻI he kumi ke hao mei he fakatanga fakalotú mo e faingataʻaʻia fakaʻikonōmiká, naʻa nau fai ai ha folau faingataʻa ʻo kolosi ʻi he ʻŌseni ʻAtalanitikí.
ʻI he sio atu ki ha fonua ʻa e kau pāsese ʻo e vaka ko ʻení, ko e Mayflower, ʻi Nōvema 11, 1620, naʻe ulo honau matá ʻi he ʻamanaki ki ha kamata foʻou. ʻI he holi ke fakatoka ha makatuʻunga ki ha māmani lelei angé, ʻoku fakamoʻoni ai ʻi he Aleapau Mayflower ʻa e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau pāsese tangata lalahi ʻo e vaká. ʻI aí ʻoku nau felotoi ai ke fakapaasi ʻa e “ngaahi lao faitotonu mo taʻefilifilimānako” maʻá e “lelei fakalūkufua ʻa e koloniá.” Ko ʻenau misi ko ia ki ha māmani ʻoku totonu fakaeʻulungaanga mo tatau ki he tokotaha kotoá—ha māmani faitotonu—kuo hoko ʻo moʻoni?
Neongo ko e Aleapau ko ia naʻe fakamoʻoni ʻi he vaka ko e Mayflower ʻoku tokaʻi ia ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi maka-tuliki ʻo e tuʻunga founga-pule ʻi ʻAmeliká, ʻoku hoko lahia ʻa e fakamaau taʻetotonú ʻi ʻAmelika, ʻo hangē pē ko ia ʻoku ʻi ai takatakai ʻi he māmaní. Ko e fakatātaá, fakakaukau angé ki ha tangata ʻa ia naʻe fanaʻi ʻe he kau polisí lolotonga ʻa ʻene feinga ke hola hili ʻa ʻene kaihaʻasi mo fanaʻi ha tokotaha ʻoku ʻoʻona ha fale koloa. Naʻá ne suuʻi ʻa e kau polisí mo e kolo lahi ko Niu ʻIoké peá ne ikunaʻi ai ha tola ʻe laui miliona ʻi he malōhinga ʻo e laó.
Fakakaukau angé ki ha toe fakatātā ʻe taha. Lolotonga ʻa e sivi loea ʻa ha kau ako ʻi he akoʻanga lao ʻi Pasadena, Kalefōniá, naʻe puke ai ʻa e mahaki-moa ʻo ha taha ʻiate kinautolu peá ne tō ki lalo. Ko e ongo kaungā-ako ʻe toko ua naʻá na ofi aí naʻá na fai leva ki ai ʻo ʻikai toe tatali ʻa e pamu mānava ʻo aʻu ki he aʻu atu ki ai ʻa e kau tokoni fakafaitoʻó. Naʻá na fakamoleki ha miniti ʻe 40 ʻi hono tokoniʻi ʻo e tangatá. Ka ʻi heʻena kole ha taimi fakalahi ke fakaʻosi ai ʻa ʻena siví, naʻe ʻikai tali ia ʻe he ʻōfisa loeá.
ʻOku toe ʻi ai foki mo e meʻa fekauʻaki mo e tautea ki he ngāue faihiá. ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe ha tokotaha ʻanalaiso mataotao fakaʻikonōmika ko Ed Rubenstein: “Ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi faihiá ʻoku ʻikai teitei iku ia ki ha fakahū. ʻOku ʻikai ke fakaʻilo ʻa e tokolahi ʻi he faʻahinga ko ia ʻoku fakahuú. ʻOku fakaʻatā ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e faʻahinga ʻoku tukuakiʻí. Ko e ʻamanekina ʻa e tauteá, ʻi he fakakaukau ʻa e tokotaha faihiá, ko ha meʻa fakamahamahalo ia, ʻo ʻikai papau.” ʻI hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e fakamatala ki he hae falé, ʻokú ne fakaʻosiʻaki ʻo pehē ko ha hae fale ʻoku hoko “ʻe hao ia mei he tuku pilīsoné ʻo laka hake he peseti ʻe 98 ʻo e taimí.” Ko e tuʻunga māʻulalo ʻo e tauteá ʻoku iku ia ki he faihia mo e faʻahinga ʻoku maʻunimā ʻi he faihiá ʻo lahi ange.—Koheleti 8:11.
ʻI he ngaahi fonua lahi ʻoku hokohoko atu ʻa e koloaʻia ange ʻa e tokosiʻi ʻoku koloaʻiá lolotonga ia ʻoku fehangahangai ʻa e fuʻu tokolahi ʻoku masivá mo e fakamaau taʻetotonu fakaʻikonōmiká. ʻOku mālohi ʻa e fakamaau taʻetotonu peheé ʻi he taimi ʻoku maʻu ai ʻe he kakaí ʻa e faingamālie siʻisiʻi ke fakaleleiʻiʻaki honau tuʻungá pe aʻu ki hono poupouʻi kinautolu, koeʻuhi ko e lanu ʻo honau kilí, ʻātakai fakamatakalí, leá, tangata pe fefine, pe ko e lotú. Ko e fakatātaá, fakatatau ki he The New York Times, “ko e meimei kuata piliona ia ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻi he feituʻu puleʻi faka-Hinitū ʻi ʻĒsia Tongá—ko e tokolahi taha ʻo kinautolú ʻi ʻInitia mo Nepal—ʻoku fanauʻi mai pea nau mate ʻi he tuʻunga ko e faʻahinga taʻealaʻia.” Ko hono nunuʻá, ʻoku fakaʻauha ʻe he masivá, fiekaiá, mo e mahakí ʻa e laui miliona. ʻOku fua ʻaki ʻenau moʻuí ʻa e fakamaau taʻetotonú mei honau fanauʻí ʻo aʻu pē ki he maté.
Fēfē ʻa e hā ngali fakamaau taʻetotonu ʻoku mamaʻo atu mei hono mapuleʻi ʻe he tangatá? Fakakaukau angé ki he fanga kiʻi pēpē ʻoku fanauʻi mai pē mo e melé—kui, ʻatamai tuai, pe taʻekakato? ʻIkai ʻe ongoʻi fakamaau taʻetotonu ha fefine kapau ʻe hoko mai ʻene pēpeé ʻoku heke pe mate lolotonga ia ʻoku fuofua mai ʻe he kau fefine ofi maí ia ʻa e fanga kiʻi valevale moʻui lelei?
ʻOku fakamamahí, he ʻoku hulu ʻa e fakamaau taʻetotonú, pea pehē ki hono ngaahi nunuʻá—lahi ʻo e faingataʻá mo e ʻikai ha melino, fiefia, mo e fiemālie. ʻI hono fakamamahiʻi ʻe he fakamaau taʻetotonu ʻoku nau sio tonu ai pe aʻusiá, kuo tafoki ʻa e tokolahi ia ki he fakamālohí, ʻo toe tānaki atu ai pē ia ki he faingataʻaʻia ʻa e tangatá. ʻOku fai ʻa e ngaahi tau lahi tahá koeʻuhi ko e ʻiloʻi ʻo e fakamaau taʻetotonú.
Ko e hā kuo ʻikai lava ai ʻe he tangatá ʻo ʻomai ha māmani faitotonú? Ko e māmani peheé ko ha misi pē?
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 3]
Corbis-Bettmann
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 4]
Fakamoʻoni ʻo e Aleapau Mayflower
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā]
Corbis-Bettmann