ʻIoká—Ko ha Fakamālohisino Pē pe ʻOku Kau ki Ai ha Meʻa Kehe?
KO HONO maʻu ha sino pahauhau mo moʻui leleí ʻoku tokanga lahi ki ai ʻa e kakaí ʻi he ʻahó ni. Kuo fakatupunga ʻe he meʻá ni ʻa e tokolahi ke nau hanga ki he ngaahi fale fakamālohisinó mo e ngaahi kalapu ki he moʻui leleí ki ha tokoni. Ki he ʻuhinga tatau, kuo hanga ai ʻa e kakai ʻe laui afe ʻi he māmani Uēsité ki he ako ʻo e ʻioka ʻa e Hahaké.
Ko e kakai ʻoku nau faingataʻaʻia ʻi he loto-taʻotaʻomiá, loto-mafasiá, mo e feifeitamakí kuo nau toe hanga ki he ʻioká ki ha fakafiemālie mo ha ngaahi fakaleleiʻanga. Tautefito talu mei he 1960 tupú, ko e hongofuluʻi taʻu ʻo e kau hipí pea mo e flower children, naʻe ʻi ai ʻa e mahuʻingaʻia ʻi he ngaahi lotu ʻi he Hahaké pea ko ʻenau ngaahi tōʻonga fakamisitelí naʻe mafola ʻi he kotoa ʻo e Hihifó. Ko e fakalaulauloto ʻi he laulau fakalotú, ko e tupu mei he ʻioká, kuo ʻai ia ke manakoa ʻe he kau sitā faivá mo e kau hiva rock. ʻI he vakai atu ki he tupulaki ʻa e mahuʻingaʻia ʻi he ʻioká, te tau ʻeke nai: ‘Ko e ʻioká ko ha founga fakamālohisino tuʻumaʻu pē ia ʻa ia ʻe ʻoange ai ki he tokotaha ʻokú ne faí ha sino moʻui lelei mo pahauhau pea mo ha ʻatamai nonga? ʻE lava ke fai ʻa e ʻioká ʻo ʻikai kau ai ha ngaahi ʻuhinga fakalotu? ʻOku feʻunga ʻa e ʻioká ki he kau Kalisitiané?’
Ko e Puipuituʻa ʻo e ʻIoká
Ko e tupuʻanga ʻo e foʻi lea “ʻioká” ʻoku felāveʻi ia mo e foʻi lea faka-Pilitānia ko e “yoke.” ʻE lava ke ʻuhinga ia ko e fakatahaʻi pe haʻamo fakataha pe ke ʻomai ki he malumalu ʻo ha ʻioke, ke fakapiti pe puleʻi. Ki ha Hinitū, ko e ʻioká ko ha founga ia pe ko ha akonekina ʻoku iku ai ki he fāitaha mo ha fuʻu mālohi lahi ʻoku mahulu hake ʻi natula pe ko ha laumālie. Kuo fakamatalaʻi ia “ko hono fakatahaʻi ʻa e mālohi kotoa ʻo e sinó, ʻatamaí mo e soulú ki he ʻOtuá.”
Ko e hā hono mamaʻo ki mui ʻi he hisitōliá ʻe lava ke fakatotoloʻi ki ai ʻa e ʻioká? ʻOku hā ʻa e kakai ʻoku nau tangutu ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga fakaʻioka kehekehe ʻi he ngaahi sila naʻe maʻu ʻi he Teleʻa ʻInitasí, ʻi Pākisitani ʻo e ʻaho ní. Ko e sivilaise ʻo e Teleʻa ʻInitasí ʻoku fakafuofua ʻa hono taimí ʻe he kau ʻāsiolokí ki he vahaʻa ʻo e ongo mileniume hono tolu mo hono ua K.M., ʻo ofi ʻaupito ki he vahaʻa taimi ʻo e sivilaise faka-Mesopotēmiá. Ko e ngaahi ngāue fakameaʻa mei he ongo feituʻú fakatouʻosi ʻoku hā ai ha tangata, ʻokú ne fakafofongaʻi ha ʻotua, ʻokú ne kalauniʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻatui ʻo e fanga monumanú pea takatakaiʻi ia ʻe ha fanga manu, ʻo fakamanatu mai ai ʻa Nimilote, ko e ‘fuʻu toʻa ʻi he tulimanú.’ (Senesi 10:8, 9) ʻOku pehē ʻe he kau Hinituú ko e faʻahinga ʻoku nau tangutu ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga fakaʻioká ko e ngaahi ʻīmisi ia ʻo e ʻotua ko Siva, ko e ʻeiki ʻo e fanga manú pea ko e ʻeiki ʻo e ʻioká, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa fai ʻa e lotu ki ai fakafou ʻi he lingam, ko ha fakaʻilonga fakaefehokotaki fakasino. Ko ia ai, ko e tohi Hindu World ʻoku ui ai ʻa e ʻioká “ko ha lao ʻo e ngaahi tōʻonga fefeka, ʻo tefito ʻi ʻIulope ki muʻá ʻa hono tupuʻangá, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fakamanatu ʻo e ngaahi tui mo e ngaahi tōʻonga motuʻa lahi.”
Ko e ngaahi founga ʻo e ʻioká naʻe muʻaki fakahoko tala ngutu mai ia. Naʻe toki ʻai fakaikiiki leva ia ki ha faʻunga fakaetohi ko e Yoga Sutra, ʻe he tokotaha ʻInitia poto he ʻioká ko Patañjali, ʻa ia ʻoku kei hoko ko e tohi fakahinohino tefito ia ʻo e ʻioká. Fakatatau kia Patañjali, ko e ʻioká ko “ha feinga fai fakafounga ia ke maʻu ʻa e haohaoá, fakafou ʻi hono puleʻi ʻa e ngaahi ʻelemēniti kehekehe ʻo e natula fakaetangatá, fakaesino mo e fakaeʻatamai.” Mei hono kamataʻangá ʻo aʻu mai ki he lolotongá ni, kuo hoko ʻa e ʻioká ko ha konga pau ia ʻo e ngaahi lotu ʻi he Hahaké, tautefito he taimí ni ki he lotu Hinituú, faka-Sāiní, mo e lotu Putá. Ko e faʻahinga ʻe niʻihi ʻoku nau fai ʻa e ʻioká ʻoku nau tui ʻe taki ai kinautolu ke nau maʻu ʻa e moksha, pe fakatauʻatāina, fakafou ʻi ha fāitaha mo ha laumālie ʻoku hūhū ʻi he meʻa kotoa pē.
Ko ia ai, ʻoku tau toe ʻeke: ‘ʻE lava ke fai pē ʻa e ʻioká ko ha fakamālohisino fakaesino ke fakatupu ha sino moʻui lelei mo ha ʻatamai nonga, ʻo taʻekau ki ai ha meʻa fakalotu?’ ʻI he vakai atu ki hono puipuituʻá, ko e talí kuo pau ke ʻikai.
Ko Fē ʻe Lava ke Tataki Koe ki Ai ʻe he ʻIoká?
Ko e taumuʻa akonekina ʻa e ʻioká ke tataki ha taha ki he hokosia fakalaumālie ʻo e “haʻi fakataha” pe fāitaha mo ha laumālie mahulu hake ʻi he tangatá. Ka ko e laumālie fē ia?
ʻI he Hindu World, ʻoku pehē ai ʻe he faʻu-tohi ko Benjamin Walker fekauʻaki mo e ʻioká: “Kuo pau pē nai ko ha founga ki muʻa ia ʻo e ouau fakamēsikí, pea ʻoku kei nofo maʻu ʻa e ʻioká ʻi hono ʻuhingá ko ha tuʻunga ʻo e tui fakamēsiki mo e fakalouʻakau.” Ko e kau filōsefa Hinituú ʻoku nau fakahaaʻi ko e fai ʻo e ʻioká ʻe lava ke ne ʻomai ha ngaahi mālohi mahulu hake ʻi natula, neongo ʻoku nau faʻa taukaveʻi ʻoku ʻikai ko e taumuʻa taupotu ia ʻo e ʻioká. Ko e fakatātaá, ʻi he tohi ko e Indian Philosophy, ko e palesiteni ki muʻa ʻo ʻInitia ko Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, ʻokú ne lea fekauʻaki mo e ʻioká ʻo pehē ko hono “puleʻi ʻo e sinó fakafou ʻi he ngaahi tuʻu ʻa e sinó ʻoku iku ai ki ha ʻikai toe ongoʻi ʻa e kehe ʻo e aʻu ki he tuʻunga taupotu ʻo e velá mo e momokó. . . . Ko e tokotaha ʻioká ʻoku lava ke ne sio mo fanongo ʻi ha tuʻunga mamaʻo . . . Ko hono ʻave ʻa e fakakaukaú mei he tokotaha ki he tokotaha ʻo taʻekau ai ʻa e ngaahi founga fetuʻutaki anga-mahení ʻoku mātuʻaki malava ia. . . . ʻOku lava ʻe he tokotaha ʻioká ke ʻai hono sinó ke taʻehāmai.”
Ko e fakatātā ʻo ha tokotaha ʻioka ʻoku mohe ʻi ha mohenga faʻoʻia pe luelue ʻi ha ngaahi malala velá ʻe hā nai ko ha meʻa loi ia ki he niʻihi pea ko ha meʻa fakaoli ia ki he niʻihi kehé. Ka ko e ngaahi meʻa maheni eni ʻoku hoko ʻi ʻInitia, ʻo hangē ko e tōʻonga ʻo e tuʻu veʻe taha lolotonga ia ʻa e sio fakamamaʻu hangatonu ki he laʻaá ʻi he laui houa pea mo hono mapuleʻi ʻa e mānavá ʻa ia ʻoku fakaʻatā ai ha tokotaha ke tanu ʻi he ʻoneʻoné ʻi ha ngaahi vahaʻa taimi lōloa. ʻI Sune 1995, naʻe līpooti ai ʻe he Times of India naʻe tokoto ha kiʻi taʻahine taʻu tolu mo e konga ʻi haʻane mohe ʻi hono tuku ke lele ha kā ko hono mamafá naʻe laka hake ʻi he kilokalami ʻe 750 ʻi hono keté. ʻI he ofoofo ʻa e fuʻu kakaí, ʻi heʻene ʻā haké naʻe ʻikai ʻaupito ha lavea ʻe hoko kiate ia. Naʻe tānaki mai ʻe he līpōtí: “Ko e mālohi fakaʻioka ʻataʻatā pē ia.”
ʻOku ʻikai ha veiveiua, ʻoku ʻikai ha tangata anga-maheni ʻe malava ke ne fakahoko ha taha pē ʻo e ngaahi ngāué ni. Ko ia ai, kuo pau ke ʻeke ʻe ha Kalisitiane: Ko e hā ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻi he ngaahi ngāue ko ení? ʻOku nau meia Sihova ko e ʻOtuá, “koe Fugani Maoluga i mamani kotoabe,” pe ʻoku nau mei ha matavai kehe? (Sāme 83:18, PM) ʻOku mahino ʻa e Tohitapú ʻi he tuʻunga ko ení. ʻI he taimi naʻe fangafanga hū ai ʻa e kau ʻIsilelí ki he Fonua ʻo e Talaʻofá, ʻa ia naʻe nofoʻi ʻe he kau Kēnaní, naʻe folofola ʻa Sihova ki he fānau ʻa ʻIsilelí fakafou ʻia Mōsese: “ʻE ʻikai te ke ako ke fai hange ko e ngaahi meʻa fakalielia ʻa e ngaahi kakai ko ena.” Ko e hā ʻa e “ngaahi meʻa fakalielia”? Naʻe fakatokanga ʻa Mōsese ki “ha taha ʻoku fai meʻa tongafisi, ha taha ʻoku fai ʻa e talotalo kovi, pe ha fai tuki, pe fiemana.” (Teutalonome 18:9, 10) Ko e ngaahi meʻá ni ʻoku fakalielia ia ki he ʻOtuá koeʻuhi ko e ngaahi ngāue kinautolu ʻa e kau tēmenioó pea mo e kakano kuo hingá.—Kaletia 5:19-21.
ʻIkai ko ha Fili ki he Kau Kalisitiané
Ko e hā pē ʻe leaʻaki nai ʻo kehe ʻe he kau fakahinohino ki he moʻui leleí, ko e ʻioká ʻoku ʻikai ko ha ngaahi fakamālohisino fakaesino pē ia. Ko e tohi Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies ʻoku fakamatala ai ki he ngaahi meʻa naʻe hoko ki he toko ua naʻá na kamata ʻi he ʻioká ʻa ia naʻá na ʻi he malumalu ʻo e fakahinohino ʻa ha kulu. ʻOku pehē ʻe ha tokotaha ai: “Naʻá ku fai ai ha ngaahi feinga mahulu hake ʻi he tangatá ke u fakamānavaloloa ai ʻi he lōloa taha ʻe ala lavá, pea toki mānava pē ʻi he taimi naʻá ku ʻi he tuʻunga ai ke pongiá. . . . ʻI he ʻaho ʻe taha, ʻi heʻene hoʻatā mālié, naʻá ku fakakaukau ai kuó u sio ki ha māhina ʻahoʻaho, ʻa ia naʻe hā ngali ngaʻunu mo fākalue mei he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá ki he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá. ʻI he taimi ʻe taha naʻá ku sioloto ai ʻoku ʻufiʻufi au ʻe he fakapoʻuli matolu ʻi he hoʻatā mālié. Ko ʻeku faiakó . . . naʻe fiefia lahi ʻi heʻeku tala ange kiate ia ʻa e ngaahi vīsone ko ení. . . . Kuo vavé ni ʻa e taimi, ko ʻene fakapapauʻi mai ia kiate aú, te u hokosia ai ʻa e ngaahi ola fakaʻohovale lahi ange mei hoku ʻahiʻahí.” ʻOku fakamatala ʻa e tangata hono uá: “Naʻá ne fekau ke u sio fakamamaʻu ki he langí ʻi he ʻaho kotoa pē ʻo ʻikai pete ʻa hoku matá pe liliu ʻa hoku tuʻuʻangá. . . . ʻI he taimi ʻe niʻihi naʻá ku fakakaukau ai naʻá ku sio ki he ngaahi mofisiʻi afi ʻi he ʻeá; ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ne hā ngali naʻá ku sio ai ki he ngaahi foʻi kolope uloulo mo e ngaahi mitioa kehe. Naʻe fiefia lahi ʻa ʻeku faiakó ʻi he lavameʻa ʻa ʻeku ngaahi feingá.”
Ko e ngaahi sio ngalikehe ko iá ʻa e meʻa ʻoku hā mahino naʻe fakakaukau ʻa e kau kulú ko e ngaahi ola totonu ia ʻa ia ʻe taki atu ai ki he taumuʻa moʻoni ʻo e ngaahi fakamālohisino fakaʻioká. ʻIo, ko e taumuʻa taupotu ʻa e ʻioká ko e moksha, ʻa ia ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ko e fāitaha mo ha laumālie lahi taʻefakaetangata. ʻOku fakamatalaʻi ia “ko e taʻofi (ʻosi fakataumuʻa) ʻa e ngāue fakanatula ʻa e ʻatamaí.” ʻOku hā mahino ʻa e kehe ʻa e meʻá ni mo e taumuʻa ʻoku fokotuʻu mai ki he kau Kalisitiané, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻomai ki ai ʻa e naʻinaʻi: “Ke mou ʻatu ʻa e ngaahi sino ʻomoutolu ko e feilaulau, ke moʻui, ke tapu ki he ʻOtua, ke fakahōifua kiate ia—ko e fakaloto e ʻo hoʻomou fai e lotu. Pea ke ʻoua naʻa mou tuku ke fakaangatatau kimoutolu ki he maama ko eni: kae tuku ke fai ai pe homou liliu, he fakafoʻou ʻo homou ʻatamai, ke mou sivi ʻo ʻilo pe ko e ha ʻa e finangalo ʻo e ʻOtua, ʻa e meʻa ʻoku lelei, ʻa e meʻa te ne hōifua ai, ʻa e meʻa ʻoku haohaoa.”—Loma 12:1, 2.
Ko e fili ʻo e fakamālohisino fakaesino ke tuli ki aí ko ha meʻa fakafoʻituitui ia. Kae kehe, ko e kau Kalisitiané ʻe ʻikai te nau fakaʻatā ha meʻa—pe ko e akoʻi fakaesino, kai, inu, vala, fakafiefia, pe ko ha meʻa kehe pē—ke ne maumauʻi ʻa honau vahaʻangatae mo Sihova ko e ʻOtuá. (1 Kolinito 10:31) Ki he faʻahinga ʻoku nau fakamālohisino pē koeʻuhi ko honau tuʻunga moʻui leleí, ʻoku lahi ʻa e ngaahi founga ʻoku ala maʻu ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai kau ki ai ʻa e fakaeʻa atu ki he ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e fakahaʻele faʻahikehé mo e tui fakamēsikí. ʻI he fakaʻehiʻehi mei he ngaahi tōʻonga mo e tui ʻoku faiaka ʻi he lotu loí, te tau hanga atu nai ai ki he tāpuaki ʻa e ʻOtuá fekauʻaki mo ha fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou māʻoniʻoni ʻo e ngaahi meʻá ʻa ia ʻe lava ke tau maʻu ai ʻa e moʻui lelei haohaoa ʻi he sino mo e ʻatamai ʻi he kotoa ʻo ʻitānití.—2 Pita 3:13; Fakahā 21:3, 4.
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 22]
ʻOku fiefia ʻa e tokolahi ʻi he ngaahi ngāue fakatupu moʻui lelei ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai kau ai ʻa e fakaeʻa atu ki he fakahaʻele faʻahikehé