Paʻangá mo e ʻUlungāangá—Ko ha Lēsoni mei he Hisitōliá

ʻI ʻEPELELI 7, 1630, naʻe tukufolau atu ai ha kakai fakafuofua ki he toko fāngeaú ʻi ha ngaahi vaka ʻe fā mei ʻIngilani ki ʻAmelika. Ko e tokolahi ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo kinautolú naʻa nau ako lelei. Ko e niʻihi kehé ko e kau tangata pisinisi lavameʻa. Naʻe toe ʻi ai foki mo e niʻihi ko e ngaahi mēmipa kinautolu ʻo e fale aleá. Ko e tuʻunga fakaʻekonōmika ʻi ʻapí naʻe tōlalo, ʻo ʻai ia ʻo toe kovi ange ʻe he Tau Taʻu ʻe Tolunoa naʻe hoko ʻi ʻIulope ʻi he taimi ko iá (1618-​48). Ko ia ʻi he fehangahangai mo e tuʻunga taʻepaú, naʻa nau mavahe ai mei honau ngaahi ʻapí, pisinisí mo e ngaahi kāingá ʻo nau folau ki muli ʻi he fekumi ki ha ngaahi faingamālie lelei ange.

Kae kehe, ko e kulupu mohu ʻamanaki ko iá naʻe ʻikai ko ha kulupu pē ia ʻo ha kau fefakatauʻaki fakasio-faingamālie. Ko e kau Pulitani faivelenga kinautolu, ʻa ia ne nau hola mei he fakatanga fakalotú.a Ko ʻenau taumuʻa moʻoní ia ke fokotuʻu ha komiunitī anga-fakaʻotua ʻa ia ʻe lava ke nau tuʻumālie fakamatelie ai mo honau hakó ʻo ʻikai ke fakangaloku ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻa e Tohi Tapú. ʻI ha taimi siʻi pē hili ʻa e fakatūʻuta ʻi Salem, Massachusetts, ne nau maʻu leva ai ʻenau totonu ki ha kiʻi konga fonua ʻi he matāfangá. Ne nau ui honau ʻapi foʻoú ko Boston.

Ko ha Ngāue Fakamafamafatatau Faingataʻa

Ko John Winthrop, ʻa honau takí mo e kōvaná, naʻá ne fai hono tūkuingatá ke pouaki ʻa e koloaʻia fakatāutahá mo e tuʻunga lelei maʻá e kakaí ʻi he kolonia foʻoú. Naʻá ne fiemaʻu ʻa e kakaí ke nau maʻu fakatouʻosi ʻa e paʻangá mo e ʻulungāangá. Ka naʻe fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa e meʻá ni ko ha ngāue fakamafamafatatau faingataʻa. ʻI hono tomuʻa ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi polé, naʻá ne lea mahino ki hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá ʻo kau ki he fatongia ʻo e koloaʻiá ʻi ha sōsaieti anga-fakaʻotua.

ʻI he hangē ko e kau taki Pulitani kehé, naʻe tui ʻa Winthrop ko e tuli ki he koloaʻiá naʻe ʻikai ke hala ia ʻiate ia pē. Naʻá ne fakakikihiʻi, ko e taumuʻa tefito ʻo e koloá ke tokoniʻiʻaki ʻa e niʻihi kehé. Ko ia ai, ko e koloaʻia ange ha tokotahá, ko e lahi ange ia ʻa e lelei ʻe lava ke ne faí. “Naʻe ʻi ai e ngaahi kaveinga naʻe hohaʻa lahi ange ki ai ʻa e kau Pulitaní ia ʻi he koloaʻiá,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e faihisitōlia ko Patricia O’Toole. “Ko ha fakaʻilonga fakatouʻosi ia ʻo e tāpuaki ʻa e ʻOtuá mo ha ʻahiʻahi mālohi ki he angahala ko e pōlepolé . . . pea ki he ngaahi angahala ʻo e kakanó.”

Ke kalofi ʻa e ngaahi angahala ʻe lava ke fakatupunga ʻe he koloaʻiá mo e moʻui tuʻumālié, naʻe fakaʻaiʻai ai ʻe Winthrop ʻa e ʻai fakafeʻungá mo e mataʻofi-kitá. Kae kehe, ʻi he tuʻunga vave ʻaupito, ko e laumālie fakapisinisi ʻo hono ngaahi kaungā tangataʻifonuá naʻe iku ʻo fepaki ia mo ʻene ngaahi feinga ke fakamālohiʻi kinautolu ke nau fai ʻa e anga-fakaʻotuá pea ke nau feʻofaʻakí. Naʻe kamata ke poleʻi ʻe he kau taʻelototataú ʻa e meʻa naʻa nau fakakaukau ki ai ko ha kaunoa fakamafasia ia ʻa Winthrop ʻi heʻenau ngaahi meʻa fakatāutahá. Naʻe kamata ke ngāngāʻehu ʻi he niʻihi ʻo e kakaí ha ongoʻi ke ʻi ai ha fakatahaʻanga kuo fokotuʻu ʻa ia ʻe kau ʻi hono fai ʻa e ngaahi filí. Naʻe fili pē ʻa e niʻihi kehé ia ʻaki ʻenau hiki ki Connecticut naʻe ofi maí ke tuli ki heʻenau ngaahi meʻa ʻanautolú pē.

“Ko e faingamālié, tuʻumālié, temokalatí,” ko e lea ia ʻa O’Toole, “ko e ngaahi mālohi faitākiekina kotoa kinautolu ʻi he moʻui ʻa e kau Pulitani ʻi Massachusetts, pea naʻa nau hehema kotoa ke poupouʻi ʻa e ngaahi taumuʻa fakatāutahá ʻo ʻikai fai ha tokanga ki he fakakaukau ʻa Winthrop ʻi hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e koloá.” ʻI he 1649, naʻe mate ai ʻa Winthrop ʻokú ne meimei hala he paʻanga, ʻi hono taʻu 61. Neongo naʻe kei hokohoko atu pē ʻa e kolonia naʻe meimei holafá ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi faingataʻa lahi, naʻe ʻikai ke moʻui ʻa Winthrop ia ke mamata ʻi he hoko moʻoni ʻa ʻene misí.

Hokohoko Atu ʻa e Fekumí

Naʻe ʻikai ko John Winthrop pē ʻa e tokotaha naʻá ne maʻu ha vīsone fakaefakakaukau ʻo ha māmani lelei angé. ʻOku laui kilu ʻa e faʻahinga he taʻu taki taha ʻoku nau mavahe mei ʻAfilika, ʻĒsia Tonga-Hahake, ʻIulope Hahake mo ʻAmelika Latina, ʻi he fakaʻamu ke maʻu ha moʻui lelei ange. ʻOku ueʻi ʻa e niʻihi ʻo kinautolu ʻe he lauingeau ʻo e ngaahi tohi foʻou, ngaahi seminā mo e ngaahi Uepisaiti ʻoku faʻu ʻi he taʻu taki taha ʻa ia ʻoku talaʻofa mai ai te nau ʻomai ʻa e fakapulipuli ʻo e founga ke hoko ai ʻo koloaʻiá. ʻOku hā mahino, ko e tokolahi ʻoku nau kei feinga ke maʻu ha paʻanga, ʻo ʻamanaki ʻe ʻikai ke liʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga fakaeʻulungāangá.

Ko hono ʻai mahinó, kuo fakalotomamahi ʻa e ngaahi olá. Ko e faʻahinga ʻoku nau kumi ki he koloaʻiá ʻoku nau faʻa iku kotoa ki hono feilaulauʻi ʻenau ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoní, pea ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi, naʻa mo ʻenau tuí ʻi he ʻōlita ʻo Koloá. Ko ia ai, te ke ʻeke totonu nai: “ʻE lava ke hoko ha taha ko ha Kalisitiane moʻoni pea toe hoko ʻo koloaʻia? ʻE faifai angé pea ʻi ai ha sōsaieti manavahē-ʻOtua ʻa ia ʻe tuʻumālie fakamatelie mo fakalaumālie fakatouʻosi?” ʻOku tali ʻe he Tohi Tapú ʻa e ngaahi fehuʻi ko iá, hangē ko ia ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he kupu hoko maí.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 3]

ʻŪ vaká: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck; Winthrop: Brown Brothers