Melito ʻo Sātisí—Ko ha Tokotaha Taukapoʻi Ia ʻo e Ngaahi Moʻoni Fakatohitapú?
ʻI HE taʻu kotoa pē ʻoku kātoangaʻi ai ʻe he kau Kalisitiane moʻoní ʻa e Kai Efiafi ʻa e ʻEikí ʻi he ʻaho ʻoku feʻungamālie mo Nīsani 14 ʻi he tohimāhina faka-Hepeluú. ʻOku nau talangofua ai ki he fekau ʻa Sīsuú: “Mou fai ʻeni mōku fakamanatu.” Ko hono moʻoní ko e ʻaho ko iá ʻi he 33 T.S. ʻa ia ko Sīsū, ʻi he hili hono kātoangaʻi ʻa e Pāsová, naʻá ne fokotuʻu ai ʻa e Fakamanatu ʻo ʻene pekia fakaefeilaulaú. Naʻe hoko ʻa ʻene pekiá ki muʻa pea toki ʻosi ʻa e ʻaho ko iá.—Luke 22:19, 20; 1 Kolinito 11:23-28.
Lolotonga ʻa e senituli hono uá T.S., naʻe kamata ai ke liliu ʻe he niʻihi ia ʻa e taimi ʻo e fakamanatú pea mo e anga ʻo hono fakahokó. Ko e ʻaho ʻo e pekia ʻa Sīsuú naʻe hokohoko atu ke ngāueʻaki ia ʻi ʻĒsia Maina. Kae kehe, ʻi hono fakamatalaʻi ʻe ha maʻuʻanga fakamatala ʻe taha, “ko e anga fakafonua ia ʻi Loma mo ʻAlekisanitulia ke kātoangaʻi ʻa e toetuʻú ʻi he Sāpate hoko hili e pekia ʻa Sīsuú,” ʻo ui ia ko e Pāsova ʻo e Toetuʻú. Ko ha kulupu naʻe ʻiloa ko e Kau Kuatatesimaní (Kau ʻAho-Taha-Fā) naʻa nau taukapoʻi ʻa e kātoangaʻi ʻo e pekia ʻa Sīsū Kalaisi ʻi Nīsani 14. Ko Melito ʻo Sātisí naʻá ne loto-tatau foki mo e meʻá ni. Ko hai ʻa Melito? ʻI he founga fē naʻá ne taukapoʻi ai ʻa e moʻoni Fakatohitapu ko ʻení mo e ngaahi moʻoni kehé?
Ko ha ‘Maamaʻanga Lahi’
ʻI he ngataʻanga ʻo e senituli hono uá, fakatatau kia ʻIusepiasi ʻo Sesaliá ʻi heʻene tohi ko e Ecclesiastical History, naʻe ʻave ai ʻe Polikeletisi ʻo ʻEfesoó ha tohi ki Loma ʻo taukapoʻi ʻa e kātoangaʻi ʻo e “ʻaho hono taha-fā ʻo e Pāsová ʻo fakatatau ki he Kōsipelí, ʻo ʻikai ʻaupito kehe, ka ko e muimui pē ʻo fakatatau ki he lao ʻo e tuí.” Fakatatau ki he tohi ko ʻení, ko Melito—ʻa e Pīsope ʻo Sātisí, ʻi Litia—ko e taha ia ʻo e faʻahinga naʻa nau poupouʻi ʻa Nīsani 14 ko e ʻaho ia ke kātoangaʻi aí. Naʻe pehē ʻe he tohí ko hono toʻumeʻá naʻa nau fakakaukau ko Melitó naʻe ʻi he haʻohaʻonga ia ʻo e ‘ngaahi maamaʻanga lahi kuo nau tō ʻo mohé.’ Naʻe pehē ʻe Polikeletisi ko Melitó naʻe ʻikai mali pea naʻá ne “nofo fakaʻaufuli ki he Laumālie Māʻoniʻoní pea ʻokú ne tokoto ʻi Sātisi ʻo tatali ki he ui mei hēvani ʻi he taimi te ne tuʻu hake ai mei he maté.” Naʻe lava ke ʻuhinga ʻení ko Melitó naʻe ʻi he lotolotonga ia ʻo e faʻahinga naʻa nau tui ko e toetuʻú ʻe ʻikai hoko ia kae ʻoua leva ke foki mai ʻa Kalaisi.—Fakahā 20:1-6.
ʻOku hā leva ai, ko Melitó kuo pau pē ko ha tangata loto-toʻa mo loto-maʻu ia. Ko hono moʻoní, naʻá ne tohi ha tohi taukapo maʻá e kau Kalisitiané ko e Apology, ko e ʻuluaki ia kuo faifai pea lēkōtí, ʻo fakatuʻasila kia Mākisi ʻOleliasi, ko e ʻEmipola Loma mei he 161 ki he 180 T.S. Naʻe ʻikai ilifia ʻa Melito ke taukapoʻi ʻa e lotu faka-Kalisitiané mo talatalaakiʻi ʻa e kau tangata fulikivanu mo mānumanú. Ko e kau tangata ko iá ne nau kumi ki he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakaʻemipola kehekehe ko e ngaahi kalofanga ia ke fakatangaʻi mo fakahalaiaʻi taʻetotonu ai ʻa e kau Kalisitiané koeʻuhi ke nau kaihaʻasia ai ʻenau ngaahi koloá.
Ki he ʻemipolá, naʻe tohi loto-toʻa ki ai ʻa Melito: “ʻOku mau ʻoatu kiate koe ʻa e foʻi kole pē ko ʻení, ke ke sivisiviʻi muʻa ʻe koe tonu ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku nau fakatupunga ʻa e faʻahinga fakamamahi pehē [ʻo e kau Kalisitiané], pea fakamāuʻi faitotonu pe ʻoku nau taau pea mo e maté mo e tauteá pe ko e tuʻunga-malu mo ʻataʻatā. Ka ʻo kapau ko e lao mo e tuʻutuʻuni foʻou ko ʻení, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai totonu ia naʻa mo hono fai ki he ngaahi fili anga-fakamanú, ʻoku ʻikai meiate koe ia, ʻoku mau kōlenga lahi ange ʻaupito atu ai ke ʻoua ʻe taʻetokangaʻi kimautolu ʻi he uhouhonga ʻo e faʻahinga faʻao fakamālohi taʻefakalao ko ʻeni ʻoku fai ʻe homau kau fakatangá.”
Ngāueʻaki ʻa e Tohi Tapú ke Taukapoʻi ʻa e Lotu Faka-Kalisitiané
Naʻe fakahāhā ʻe Melito ʻa e mahuʻingaʻia lahi ʻi he ako ʻo e Tohi Tapu Māʻoniʻoní. ʻOku ʻikai ke tau maʻu ʻa e lisi kakato ʻo ʻene ngaahi tohí, ka ko e ngaahi ʻuluʻi-kaveinga ʻe niʻihi ʻoku hā ai naʻá ne fakahāhā ʻa e mahuʻingaʻia ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga-lea Fakatohitapú. Ko e niʻihi ʻo ʻene ngaahi tohí ko e Moʻui Faka-Kalisitiané mo e Kau Palōfitá, Tui ʻa e Tangatá, Fakatupú, Papitaisó mo e Moʻoní mo e Tuí pea mo e ʻAloʻi ʻo Kalaisí, Anga-Talitali Kakaí, Ko e Kií pea mo e Tēvoló mo e ʻApokalipi ʻa Sioné.
Naʻe fononga ʻa Melito ʻiate ia pē ki he ngaahi fonua Fakatohitapú ke fekumi ki he lahi tonu ʻo e ngaahi tohi ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Hepeluú. ʻI he fekauʻaki mo ʻení naʻá ne tohi: “Ko e meʻa ne hokó, ʻi he taimi ne u ʻalu ai ki he Hahaké ʻo ʻi he feituʻu ʻa ia naʻe malangaʻi mo tōʻongaʻaki ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ko ʻení, pea ʻi he hili ʻeku ako fakalelei ʻa e ngaahi tohi ʻo e Fuakava Motuʻá pea lēkooti ʻa e ngaahi moʻoniʻi-meʻá, naʻá ku ʻave atu ai ia kiate koe.” Ko e lisi ko ʻení ʻoku ʻikai lave ia ai ki he tohi Nehemaiá mo e tohi Esetá, ka ko e katiloka motuʻa taha ia ʻo e ngaahi tohi fakamoʻoniʻanga ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Hepeluú ʻi he ngaahi tohi ne hiki ʻe he faʻahinga ʻoku taukaveʻi ko e kau Kalisitiane.
ʻI he lolotonga ʻa e fekumi ko ʻení, naʻe tātānaki ai ʻe Melito ʻa e ngaahi veesi hokohoko naʻe toʻo mei he Ngaahi Konga Tohi Tapu Faka-Hepeluú ʻa ia naʻe maʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi kikite ʻo fekauʻaki mo Sīsuú. Ko e ngāue ʻa Melitó, ʻa ia naʻe fakakaveinga ko e Extracts, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻo pehē ko Sīsū ʻa e Mīsaia ne fuoloa ʻa e fakatatali ki aí pea ko e Lao ʻa Mōsesé mo e kau Palōfitá naʻa nau tuhú kia Kalaisi.
Taukapoʻi ʻa e Mahuʻinga ʻo e Huhuʻí
Naʻe ʻi ai ha komiunitī Siu tokolahi ʻi he ngaahi kolo mahuʻinga ʻo ʻĒsia Mainá. Ko e kau Siu ʻo Sātisí, ʻa ia naʻe nofo ai ʻa Melitó, naʻa nau kātoangaʻi ʻa e Pāsova faka-Hepeluú ʻi Nīsani 14. Naʻe hiki ʻe Melito ha foʻi malanga naʻe fakakaveinga Ko e Pāsova ʻa ia naʻe fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e totonu ʻo e Pāsová ʻi he malumalu ʻo e Laó pea taukapoʻi ʻa e kātoanga faka-Kalisitiane ʻo e Kai Efiafi ʻa e ʻEikí ʻi Nīsani 14.
Hili hono fai ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala ki he Ekisoto vahe 12 pea mo hono fakahaaʻi ʻo pehē naʻe tomuʻa fakatātaaʻi ʻe he Pāsová ʻa e feilaulau ʻa Kalaisí, naʻe fakamatalaʻi ai ʻe Melito ʻa e ʻuhinga naʻe ʻikai totonu ai ki he kau Kalisitiané ke nau kātoangaʻi ʻa e Pāsová. Naʻe pehē ʻení koeʻuhí naʻe fakangata ʻosi ʻe he ʻOtuá ia ʻa e Lao ʻa Mōsesé. Naʻá ne fakahaaʻi leva ʻa e ʻuhinga naʻe fiemaʻu pau ai ʻa e feilaulau ʻa Kalaisí: Naʻe tuku ʻe he ʻOtuá ʻa ʻĀtama ʻi ha palataisi ke ne nofo ai ʻi ha moʻui fiefia. Ka naʻe talangataʻa ʻa e ʻuluaki tangatá ia ki he fekau ke ʻoua ʻe kai mei he ʻakau ʻo e ʻiloʻi ʻo e leleí mo e koví. Ko ia naʻe malanga hake ai ʻa e fiemaʻu ki ha huhuʻí.
Naʻe toe fakamatalaʻi lahi ange ʻe Melito ʻo pehē naʻe fekauʻi hifo ʻa Sīsū ki he foʻi māmaní ʻo ne pekia ʻi he ʻakaú ke huhuʻi ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangata tuí mei he angahalá mo e maté. Ko e meʻa fakatupu tokangá, naʻe ngāueʻaki ʻe Melito ʻa e foʻi lea faka-Kalisi ko e xylon, ʻoku ʻuhingá ki he “ʻakau,” ʻi he taimi naʻá ne tohi ai ʻo fekauʻaki mo e ʻakau ʻa ia naʻe pekia ai ʻa Sīsuú.—Ngāue 5:30; 10:39; 13:29.
Naʻe ʻiloa ʻa Melito ʻo fakalaka atu ia ʻi ʻĒsia Maina. Ko Tetuliane, Kelemeni ʻo ʻAlekisanituliá pea mo ʻOliseni naʻa nau maheni mo ʻene ngaahi ngāué. Neongo ia, ʻoku pehē ʻe he faihisitōlia ko Raniero Cantalamessa: “Ko e faai hifo ʻa Melitó, ʻa ia naʻe faifai ʻo taki atu ki he mole ʻa ʻene ngaahi tohí, naʻe kamata ia ʻi he taimi—hili ʻa e ikuna ʻa e tōʻonga ʻo e Pāsova Sāpaté—naʻe kamata ke fai e vakai ki he Kau Kuatatesimaní ko e kau lotu hē.” Faifai atu pē, ko e ngaahi tohi ʻa Melitó naʻe meimei mole kotoa ia.
Naʻe Uesia Kovi Ia ʻe he Tafoki mei he Moʻoní?
Hili ʻa e mate ʻa e kau ʻapositoló, naʻe hūhū mai ai ki he lotu faka-Kalisitiané ha tafoki mei he moʻoní naʻe tomuʻa tala. (Ngāue 20:29, 30) ʻOku hā mahino naʻe uesia ʻe he meʻá ni ʻa Melito. Ko e sitaila fakapuputuʻu ʻo ʻene ngaahi tohí ʻoku hā ngali ke ne tapua ʻe ia ʻa e ngaahi tohi ʻo e filōsofia faka-Kalisí pea mo e māmani faka-Lomá. Mahalo pē ko e ʻuhinga ia naʻe ui ai ʻe Melito ʻa e lotu faka-Kalisitiané “ko hotau filōsofiá.” Naʻá ne toe fakakaukau foki ko e fakatahaʻi ko ia ʻo e lotu naʻe taku ne faka-Kalisitiané mo e ʻEmipaea Lomá “ko e fakamoʻoni lahi taha ia . . . ki he leleí.”
Ko e moʻoni naʻe ʻikai aʻu ki he loto ʻo Melitó ʻa e akonaki ʻa e ʻapositolo ko Paulá: “Mou vakai naʻa faifai pea ai ha taha, te ne fai ʻaki ʻene poto fiefilosefa, ʻa ia ko e koto muna mo e kākā, ʻo ne holataki kimoutolu ʻi he ʻalunga ʻo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuni fakaeonoʻaho [pe talatukufakaholo] ʻa e kakai, ʻio, ʻi he ʻalunga ʻo e ngaahi elemeniti ʻo e lotu ʻa ia ʻoku fakamaama, ʻo ʻikai ʻi he ʻalunga faka-Kalaisi.” Ko ia ai, lolotonga naʻe taukapoʻi ʻe Melito ʻa e ngaahi moʻoni Fakatohitapú ʻo aʻu ki ha tuʻunga fakangatangata, ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga lahi naʻá ne liʻaki kinautolu.—Kolose 2:8.
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18]
Naʻe kamataʻi ʻe Sīsū ʻa e Kai Efiafi ʻa e ʻEikí ʻi Nīsani 14