Ko e Totongi ʻo e Feinga ke Fai ha Meʻa ʻo Fuʻu Hulú

KO E MĀMANI HIHIFO ʻI HE ʻAHO NÍ ʻOKU NAU ʻĀVEA ʻI HE VAVÉ MO E FAINGAMĀLIÉ.

ʻOKU fakahaofi ʻe he ngaahi mīsini fufulu ipú ʻa e taimi ʻi he peitó. ʻOku fakahaofi tatau ʻe he ngaahi mīsini foó ʻa e taimi ʻi he loki foó. Ko e laui miliona ʻo e kakaí ʻoku aʻu ʻo ʻikai pau ke nau toe mavahe mei ʻapi ke fai ʻenau fakataú mo e fakahū paʻangá—ʻoku nau fakamoʻui pē ʻenau komipiutá ʻo ngāueʻaki ʻa e ʻInitanetí.

ʻIo, ko e māmaní, ʻi ha tuʻunga ʻo ʻikai siʻi hifo ai, ʻoku fonu ia ʻi he ngaahi meʻangāue kalasi kehekehe ki hono fakahaofi ʻo e taimí pea mo e ngāue leipá. Ko ia ai, te ke fakakaukau atu ʻe maʻu ʻe he kakaí ha taimi lahi ke fakamoleki ki honau ngaahi fāmilí pea ki he mālōloó. Neongo ia, ʻoku faʻa toutou hoko, ʻa e pehē ʻe he tokolahi ʻoku nau helaʻia mo loto-mafasia lahi ange ʻi ha toe taimi pehē ki muʻa. Ko hono ngaahi tupuʻangá ʻoku lahi pea mo fihi.

Ko e ngaahi faingataʻa fakaʻekonōmiká ʻoku māʻolunga ia ʻi he fakahokohokó. Ko e Senitā ʻAositelēlia ki he Fekumi ʻi he Ngaahi Vā Fakangāué mo e Akó naʻe ʻanalaiso ai ʻa e lahi ʻo e ngaahi houa ʻoku fakamoleki ʻe he kakaí ʻi he ngāué ʻi he fonua ko iá pea ʻilo ai ko “ha fuʻu konga lahi fakaʻulia ʻoku nau ngāue tuʻumaʻu ʻo laka hake ʻi he houa ʻe 49 he uike” pea ko e “tupulaki ko eni ʻi he ngaahi houa ngāué ngalingali ʻoku ʻi ai ʻene tākiekina mahuʻinga ʻa ia ʻoku kovi ki he moʻui fakafāmilí mo fakakoló.” ʻOku fili ʻa e kau ngāue tokolahi ke nofo ʻi he ngaahi tuʻa kolo lanu mata angé, mo lōngonoa angé. ʻOku lava ke ʻuhinga eni ko hono fakamoleki ʻa e ngaahi houa ʻi he uike taki taha—pe naʻa mo e ʻaho taki taha—ʻi he fefonongaʻaki ʻi he ngaahi lēlue mo e ngaahi pasi feʻefiʻefihi pe ʻi he ngaahi hala ʻoku fihituʻu. Ko hono olá, ʻoku toe tānaki ʻa e meʻá ni ki he lōloa ʻo e ʻaho ngāué pea ki hono ngaahi faingataʻá.

ʻOkú Ke Faingataʻaʻia ʻi he Mole ʻa e Taimi Mohé?

Ko e ngaahi palopalema ʻi he mohé kuo hoko ia ʻo mātuʻaki lahi ʻi he ngaahi taʻu ki mui ní ʻo fakaava ai ʻa e ngaahi kilīniki fekauʻaki mo e mohé ʻi he ngaahi konga lahi ʻo e māmaní. Kuo ʻiloʻi ʻe he kau fakatotoló ko e taimi ko ia ʻoku ʻikai ke maʻu tuʻumaʻu ai ʻe he kakaí ha mohe feʻungá, ʻoku nau fakalahi ai ki he mole ʻo e taimi mohé. ʻI he fakanatulá, ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻe honau sinó ke totongi ʻa e mole ko ení pea fakaʻaiʻai ʻa e meʻa peheé ʻaki hono ʻai kinautolu ke nau ongoʻi helaʻia. Ka koeʻuhi ko e ʻikai ha mohe ʻi he sīpinga moʻui ʻo e ʻaho ní, ʻoku hokohoko helaʻia ai pē ʻa e kakai tokolahi.

ʻI he fonua Hihifo ʻe taha, kuo holo hifo ai ʻa e taimi mohé ʻaki ʻa e peseti ʻe 20 ʻi he senituli kuohilí, mei ha ʻavalisi ʻo e houa ʻe hiva ki he fitu ʻi he poó. Kuo maʻu ʻe he kau fakatotoló ʻa e fakamoʻoni lahi fau ko e mole ʻa e taimi mohé ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻa e ngaahi palopalema ʻi he akó pea mo e manatú, maumauʻi ʻa e ngāue lelei ʻa e uouá, pea mo ha sisitemi maluʻi vaivai. Ko e tokolahi taha ʻo kitautolú kuo tau ʻiloʻi ʻiate kitautolu ko ha ʻatamai helaʻia ʻoku toe hehema ia ke ne fai ha ngaahi fehālaaki. Ko e meʻa fakamamahí, he ko e ngaahi fehālaakí ni ʻe lava ke fakatou mafatukituki ia mo totongi lahi.

Ko e Totongi Māʻolunga ʻo e Ongosiá

Ko e ongosia tupu mei he ngaahi houa ngāue lōloá pea mo e fakatokosiʻi ʻo e kau ngāué ʻoku pehē ʻoku tokoni ia ki he niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi fakatamaki kovi taha ʻo e konga ki mui ʻo e senituli hono 20. ʻOku ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi meʻá ni ʻa e fakatamaki fakaniukilia ʻi Chernobyl, ʻIukalaine; ko e pā ʻa e vaka vavā ko e Challenger; pea mo e lolo naʻe mahua ko e tupu mei he tau ʻa e vaka lolo ko e Exxon Valdez ʻi ha hakau ʻi Prince William Sound, ʻAlasikā.

Ko e pā ko ia ʻi Chernobyl naʻe hoko ia lolotonga ha tesi makehe ʻi he fale ʻuhilá. ʻI heʻene tohi ko e The 24-Hour Society, ʻoku pehē ai ʻe Martin Moore-​Ede, ko e tesí “naʻe fakahoko ia ʻi he malumalu ʻo e fakahinohino ʻa ha timi tāvaivaia ʻo e kau ʻenisinia ʻuhila ʻa ia naʻa nau ʻi he fale ʻuhilá ʻo ʻikai siʻi hifo ʻi he houa ʻe taha tolu, pea ngalingali naʻe fuoloa ange ai koeʻuhi ko ha toloi houa ʻe hongofulu ʻa hono maʻu ʻo e ngofua ke kamatá.” Ko e hā pē ʻa e tuʻungá, fakatatau ki ha ako ki muí ni, ko e nunuʻa lele lōloa ʻo e mahua fakaehueló ko ha mahiki tuʻo hongofulu ʻa e kanisā ʻo e mongá ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e fānau ʻIukalainé talu mei he 1986.

Hili ha fakatotolo fakaʻāuliliki ki he pā ʻa e vaka vavā Challenger, naʻe pehē ʻe ha līpooti ʻa e faʻahinga ʻi he fakahinohino ʻa e palesitení ko e fakangatangata ʻo e houa ʻe 20 ʻova taimí naʻe lakasi tuʻo 480 ia ʻe ha kulupu ʻe taha ʻo e kau ngāue konituleki ʻe taha pea tuʻo 2,512 ʻe ha kulupu ʻe taha. Naʻe tānaki mai ʻe he līpōtí ko e ongosia ʻi he tuʻunga fakalele ngāué, ko e tupu mei he “ngaahi ʻaho lahi ʻo e ngaahi houa ngāue fetōkaki pea mo e taʻefeʻunga ʻa e mohé,” ko e toe meʻa tefito mahuʻinga ia ki hono maʻu ʻe he vaká ʻa e fakahinohino hala ʻoku lelei ke mavahé. Naʻe pehē ʻe he līpōtí ko e “taimi ko ia ʻoku hoko ai ʻo tōtuʻa ʻa e ʻova taimí, ʻoku hōloa ai ʻa e ngāue lelei ʻa e tokotaha ngāué pea ʻoku mahiki hake ai ʻa e malava ke ʻi ai ʻa e fehālaaki fakaetangatá.”

Fakatatau ki he kau ʻōfisa ʻiunioní, ko hono fakatokosiʻi ʻa e kau ngāué, ko e pehē tokua ke fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi totongi ki he ngāué, naʻe ʻuhinga iá ko e kau kauvaka ʻi he Exxon Valdez naʻe pau ai ke nau ngāue ʻi ha ngaahi houa lōloa ange pea fakahoko ʻa e ngaahi fatongia lahi ange. Ko ha līpooti fekauʻaki mo e fakatamakí ʻoku fakamatala ai ko e meti tolú, ʻa ia naʻá ne tokangaʻi ʻa e vaká ʻi he taimi naʻe lele ai ki kilisi tahi ʻi he hili pē ʻa e tuʻuapoó, naʻá ne ʻā talu pē mei he hengihengi ʻo e pongipongi ko iá. Ko e meimei lita lolo ʻe 42,000,000—ko e lolo mahua lahi taha ia ʻi he hisitōlia ʻo e U.S.—naʻá ne fakatupunga ʻa e maumau fakalilifu ki he ngaahi matātahí mo e ngaahi meʻamoʻuí pea fakamoleki ai ʻo laka hake ʻi he US$2 pilioná ke fakamaʻa ia.

Ko e Ngaahi Totongi ʻIkai Loko ʻAsi Lahi Ange ʻo e Ongosiá

Fakatatau ki he fakafuofua ʻe taha, ko e helaʻiá mo e ongosiá naʻe totongi ai ʻe he māmaní ʻo ʻikai siʻi hifo ʻi he US$377 pilioná ʻi he taʻu taki taha! Ka ʻoku ʻikai ha lahi ʻo e paʻangá ʻe lava ke tatau mo e totongi ki he moʻui fakaetangatá pea mo e tuʻunga ʻo e moʻuí, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa hoko ʻo uesia foki mo ia. Hangē ko ení, tau pehē ko e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he halá. Fakatatau ki ha kilīniki ki he ʻikai ha mohe leleí ʻi Senē, ʻAositelēlia, ko e vahaʻa ʻo e peseti ʻe 20 mo e 30 ʻo e ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki ʻi he halá ʻi he fonua ko iá ko e tupu ia mei he mohe ʻa e kau fakaʻulí lolotonga ʻenau fakaʻulí. ʻOku fakafuofua ʻi he ʻIunaite Seteté, ʻoku tokoni ʻa e tulemohé ki he ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki fakaemeʻalele ʻikai siʻi hifo ʻi he 100,000 ʻi he taʻu.

Neongo ia, ko e ngaahi nunuʻa ʻo e ongosiá ʻe ʻikai nai ke ngata pē ai. Ko ha tokotaha maʻukovia ʻi ha fakatuʻutāmaki ʻa ia ʻoku leleakiʻi ki ha falemahaki ke tafa ʻokú ne ʻamanekina ʻoku ʻāʻā mo tokanga ʻa ʻene toketaá. Ka koeʻuhi ko ha taimi-tēpile femoʻuekina mo e ngaahi houa lōloá, ʻe ʻikai nai ai ke ʻāʻā mo tokanga ʻa e toketaá! Ko ha līpooti ʻa e Kautaha ʻAositelēlia ki he Moʻuí mo e Tuʻunga Leleí naʻe fakaeʻa ai ko e peseti nai ʻe 10 ʻo e kau toketaá naʻa nau ngāue ʻi ha tuʻunga lahi ange ko e houa ʻe 65 ʻi he uike, ko e peseti ʻe 17 ʻo e kau ngāue mataotao kotoa pē naʻa nau toe fakalaka kinautolu ʻi he ngaahi houa ko iá, pea ko e peseti ʻe 5 ʻo e “kau toketā kei siʻi angé” naʻa nau ngāue ʻo lahi ange ʻi he houa ʻe 80 ʻi he uike!

“ʻOku maluʻi ʻa e ngaahi mīsiní ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tohi fakahinohino ngāue, ngaahi leipolo fakatokanga, mo e ngaahi koosi fakaeako,” ko e lau ia ʻa Martin Moore-​Ede. “ʻOku tūʻuta mai ʻa e tangatá ki he māmani ko ení mo e ʻikai ha maluʻi pehē. . . . Ko e moʻoni fakaʻohovalé ko e siʻi mamaʻo ko ia ʻetau ʻilo fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi sīpinga faʻu ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻi heʻetau ʻilo fekauʻaki mo e komipiutá pea mo e polokalama ʻokú ne ʻai ke ngāué.”

ʻOku ʻikai ke maʻu ʻe hotau sinó ha ngaahi maama kulokula takemokemo mo ha ngaahi fakatokanga ʻoku tala mai ai kiate kitautolu ke tuʻu, pe ke māmālie hifo. Ka neongo ia, ʻokú ne ʻomai kiate kitautolu ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga fakatokanga. ʻOku kau ki he ngaahi meʻá ni ʻa e faʻa helaʻia, feliliuaki ʻa e ongó, loto-mafasia, pea mo ha hehema ke faingofua ʻa e hoko ʻo pihia ʻi ha ngaahi vailasi mālohi. Kapau ʻokú ke maʻu ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ko ení—kae pehē tokua, ʻoku ʻikai haʻo palopalema tefito fakaesino pe tuʻunga kehe ʻi he moʻuí—kuo taimi nai ke toe sivisiviʻi hoʻo tōʻonga moʻuí.

Ko e Totongi Fakasōsiale ʻo e Hoko ʻo Fuʻu Femoʻuekiná

Ko e loto-mafasiá, tōʻonga moʻui ʻikai ha mohé ʻoku toe ʻi ai hono totongi fakatupu maumau ki he ngaahi vahaʻangatae fakaetangatá. Fakakaukau angé ki he tuʻunga ʻo ha ongo meʻa mali foʻou, ko Sione mo Malia.a Naʻá na fiemaʻu ʻa e meʻa ʻoku holi ki ai ʻa e meimei kau mali foʻou kotoa—ko ha ʻapi lelei mo ha tuʻunga malu fakapaʻanga. Ko ia, naʻá na fakatou ngāue taimi-kakato. Ka koeʻuhi ko e ngāue fetōkakí mo e sifí, naʻe siʻi ai ʻa hona taimi ke na fakataha aí. Naʻe vave ʻa e kamata ke hōloa ʻa hona vahaʻangataé. Kae kehe, naʻá na tukunoaʻi ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilongá, pea kīvoi pē ʻi heʻena ngaahi taimi-tēpile naʻe kounaʻi kinaua ki aí ʻo iku ai ʻena nofo malí, ʻa ia ko ʻene toki kamata peé, ʻo taʻelavameʻa.

“ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻi he ngaahi fakatotoló ko e tuʻunga ʻo e veté ʻi he ngaahi fāmili ngāue sifí ʻoku māʻolunga ange ia ʻaki ʻa e peseti ʻe 60 ʻi he kau ngāue ʻaho ʻi he ngaahi ngāue tuʻumaʻú,” ko e lau ia ʻa e tohi ko e The 24-Hour Society. Neongo ia, pe ʻoku nau ngāue sifi pe ʻikai, ko e ngaahi hoa mali tokolahi ʻoku nau feinga ke fakahū ʻa e ngaahi meʻa lahi ʻaupito ʻi heʻenau moʻuí, ʻo iku ai, ʻo nau fakangata ʻenau nofo malí. ʻI he niʻihi kehe, ʻoku tokoni nai ʻa e loto-mafasiá mo e ongosiá ki ha vilo takai ʻa hono ngāuekoviʻaki ʻa e faitoʻo kona tapú mo e ʻolokaholó pea kovi mo e ngaahi tōʻonga kaí—ko e ngaahi meʻa tefitó ʻoku ʻikai ngata pē ʻi heʻene ʻai ke toe lahi ange ʻa e ongosiá ka ʻoku taki atu nai ai ki he ngaahi palopalema kehe, ʻo aʻu ki hono ngaohikoviʻi ʻa e fānaú.

Ke tokoniʻi ʻa e ngaahi mātuʻá ʻi he fekuki mo e ngaahi taimi-tēpile ʻokú ne kounaʻi kinautolú, ʻoku toe fakautuutu ange ai ʻa e lahi ʻo e ngaahi senitā ki hono tokangaʻi ʻo e fānaú, ko e niʻihi ʻoku aʻu ʻo nau tuʻuaki mai ʻa e ngāue houa ʻe 24. Neongo ia, ki he fānau tokolahi, ko ha tokotaha toʻo-tama moʻoni ʻa e TV. Ko e moʻoni, kapau ʻoku fiemaʻu ke tupu hake ʻa e fānaú ʻo hoko ko e kakai lalahi fua fatongia, mo feʻunuʻaki lelei fakaeongo, ʻoku nau fiemaʻu ke ʻi ai ʻa e taimi lelei lahi ʻaupito mo ʻenau ongo mātuʻá. Ko ia ai, ko e ngaahi mātuʻa ko ia ʻoku nau fuʻu helaʻia ʻi heʻenau fānaú koeʻuhi ko e feinga ke tauhi maʻu ha tuʻunga māʻolunga taʻefakaʻatuʻi ʻo e moʻuí ʻoku fakapotopoto ke nau fatu ʻa e totongí—ki heʻenau fānaú pea kiate kinautolu tonu.

ʻI he sōsaieti ngaʻunu vave fakatekinolosia ʻi he ʻaho ní, ʻoku faʻa hoko foki ai ʻa e kau taʻumotuʻá ko e faʻahinga maʻukovia. Ko e vave ʻa e liliú pea mo e hokohoko tafe mai ʻa e fanga kiʻi naunau iiki ki he māketí ʻoku ʻai ai ʻa e tokolahi ke nau ongoʻi puputuʻu, taʻemalu, ilifia, pea aʻu ʻo ongoʻi kuo ʻosi honau taimí. Ko ia, ko e hā ʻoku tuku tauhi mai ʻe he kahaʻú kiate kinautolú?

Ko kitautolu hono kotoa—talavou mo e taʻumotuʻa—ʻoku tau ʻi ai fakakātoa ʻi he meesi ʻo ha māmani ʻoku hā ngali fakapapau ke hokohoko atu ʻo toe vave ange? Pe ʻoku ʻi ai ha ngaahi meʻa ʻoku lava ke tau fai ke tokoniʻi kitautolu ke tau fekuki mo ia pea fakaleleiʻi ai ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e ʻetau moʻuí? ʻOku fakafiefiá he ʻoku ʻi ai, hangē ko ia te tau sio ki ai ʻi he kupu hoko maí.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 6]

Naʻe tokoni nai ʻa e ongosiá ki he fakatamaki fakaniukilia ʻi Chernobyl, ko e pā ʻa e vaka vavā “Challenger,” pea mo e lolo naʻe mahua ʻi he “Exxon Valdez”

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā]

Courtesy U.S. Department of Energy’s International Nuclear Safety Program

NASA photo

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 7]

Ko e tuʻunga fakavavevave ʻi he moʻuí ʻe lava ke iku ia ki he ngaahi nofo mali faingataʻaʻia

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 8]

ʻI heʻenau ngaahi feinga ke fekuki mo iá, ʻoku ngāuekoviʻaki ai ʻe he niʻihi ʻa e ʻolokaholó