Ko e Kuku Fakaofó ʻOkú Ne Fakahaaʻi ʻEne Ngaahi Fakapulipulí
KO E HĀ ʻa e meʻa ʻokú ne faʻu ha supakulū ʻoku malu mei he vaí, ngāue ʻo hangē ha vekiume ʻuhilá, pea aʻu ʻo ne akoʻi ʻa e kau saienisí fekauʻaki mo hono monomono ʻa e kēnisí? Ko e kiʻi foʻi fingota siʻisiʻi ʻoku ʻiloa ko e kukú!
ʻOku maʻu ʻa e kukú ʻi māmani lahi. ʻOku nofo ʻa e niʻihi ʻi he tahí. ʻOku nofo ʻa e niʻihi kehe ʻi he ngaahi vaitafé mo e ngaahi anovai melié. ʻI loto ʻi honau ngeʻesi lōuá ʻoku nofo ai ha sino molū ʻa ia ʻoku ʻufiʻufiʻaki ha ʻōkani hangē ha kilí ʻoku ui ko e menitolo. Hangē ko ia ʻoku meimei tatau ʻi he fingota kotoa pē, ʻoku faʻu ʻe he menitoló ʻa e ngeʻesí ʻaki hono fio ʻa e kalasiume mo e kāponi taiʻokisaiti, ʻa ia ʻoku toʻo mei he meʻakai ʻa e meʻamoʻuí pea mo e vai takatakaí. Ke tatau mo e malava ko iá, ko kitautolu faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá kuo pau ke tau kai ha fanga kiʻi kongokonga maka, fai ha ngāue ki ai ʻi loto ʻiate kitautolu, pea tukuange mai leva kinautolu ʻi he tuʻunga ko e ngaahi naunau langa kuo ʻosi faʻu ki muʻa, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻotomētiki pē hono fokotuʻu ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi holisi mo e ngaahi ʻato! Ka ʻoku ʻikai ko e ngeʻesí ʻoku mahuʻingaʻia ai ʻa e kau fakatotoló; ko e vaʻe ʻo e kukú ʻi he tahí.
Supakulū ʻi he Kukú
Feinga ke ke toʻo ha foʻi kuku mei ha fuʻu maka, pea te ke ʻiloʻi ai ʻa ʻene pipiki maʻú ʻa ia ʻoku faingataʻa ke ala tui ki ai—ko ha meʻa pau ia kapau ʻoku fiemaʻu ke talitekeʻi ʻe he foʻi kukú ʻa e muʻa tosi māsila ʻo ha manupuna ʻo e tahí pe ko e ngaahi peau tā ʻo e tahí. ʻOku anga-fēfē ʻa ʻene lava ke pipiki mātuʻaki maʻú? ʻI he taimi ʻokú ne fili ai ha feituʻu ke fokotuʻu ai hono nofoʻangá, ʻokú ne fakahū atu ki tuʻa ʻa hono vaʻe fuo hangē ha ʻeleló mei hono ngeʻesí pea lomiʻi ia ki ha funga meʻa fefeka. ʻOku faʻu ʻo tukuange mai ʻe ha ngaahi keleni makehe ha huhuʻa tuifio ʻo e polotiní ki ha foʻi tongi ʻoku lele takai ʻi he lōloa ʻo e vaʻé. ʻOku fefeka vave ʻa e huhuʻa ko ení ʻo hoko ko ha filo fano manifi, ʻoku senitimita nai ʻe taha hono lōloá. ʻOku hanga leva ʻe ha faʻunga valevale hangē ha fakamoluú ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo e filo ko ení ʻo puhiʻi mai ha meʻa fakapipiki fakanatula siʻisiʻi, ʻoku hiki hake ʻe he foʻi kukú hono vaʻé, pea ʻoku kakato ai ʻa e ʻuluaki laine fakamaʻú. Ko e ngaahi filo ko eni kuo fokotuʻu fakaepalaní ʻoku faʻuʻaki ia ha haʻinga ʻoku ui ko e paisasi, ʻa ia ʻokú ne fakamaʻu ʻa e foʻi kukú ki hono nofoʻanga foʻoú ʻi he founga tatau tofu pē ʻoku pukepuke ai ki lalo ʻe ha maea ha tēnití. Ko e foʻi ngāué kotoa ʻoku feʻunga ia mo e miniti pē ʻe tolu pe fā.—Sio ki he fakatātaá.
Fakaʻuta atu ki hono maʻu ha kulū mālohi ʻaupito ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai ke kona pea mātuʻaki ngaofengofua ʻa ia ʻoku lava ke hūhū ʻi he kiʻi feituʻu kotoa pē, ʻo pipiki ki ha funga meʻa pē, naʻa mo e ʻi he lalo vaí. ʻE fiefia ʻa e kau foʻu vaká ke maʻu ia ki hono monomono ʻa e ngaahi vaká ʻo ʻikai ha fakamole ʻi hono toho kinautolu ki ʻutá. Ko e kau ngāue ki he sinoʻi meʻalelé te nau saiʻia ʻi ha vali malu moʻoni mei he vaí ʻa ia ʻokú ne taʻofi ʻa e ʻumeʻumeá. ʻE mahuʻingaʻia ʻa e kau toketā tafá ʻi ha meʻa fakapipiki malu ke ne fakatau ʻa e ngaahi hui kuo fasí pea ke fakamapuni ʻa e ngaahi laveá. ʻE lava ʻe he kau toketā nifó ʻo fakafonu ʻaki ia ʻa e hele ʻo e nifó pea monosi ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi nifo ʻoku mapakí. Ko e hokohoko ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ʻe malava ke ngāueʻaki ki aí ʻoku hā taʻehanongataʻanga.
Kae kehe, ʻoku ʻikai ke fakakaukau ʻa e kau saienisí ki hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e kukú tonu ke ngaohiʻaki ʻa e supakulū ko ení. ʻE fiemaʻu ʻa e foʻi fingota ia ʻe 10,000 nai ke faʻuʻaki ʻa e kalami kulū pē ʻe tahá. Ko ia, ko hono tānaki ha kuku feʻunga ke tokonaki mai ʻaki ʻa e fiemaʻu supakulū ʻa e māmaní te ne toʻo ʻosi ai ʻe ia ʻa e kotoa ʻo e kukú, ʻa ia kuo ʻosi ʻi he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ke mole ʻa hono ngaahi kalasi lahi. ʻI hono kehé, kuo fakamavaheʻi ʻe he kau fakatotolo ʻAmeliká ʻo faʻu ʻa e ngaahi kēnisi ke maʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi polotini kuku fakapipiki ʻe nima, pea ʻoku nau teu ke faʻu lahi ʻaupito kinautolu ʻi he lēpí koeʻuhi ke lava ʻe he ngaahi ngāueʻangá ʻo ʻahiʻahiʻi kinautolu. Ko e kau saienisi Pilitāniá foki ʻoku nau fai ha fakatotolo ʻi he taha ʻo e ngaahi polotini fakapipiki ko ení. Kae kehe, ʻoku kei fakalaka pē ʻa e kukú ia. Ko e foʻi kukú pē taha ʻokú ne ʻiloʻi fakanatula ʻa e huʻi feʻunga tofu pē ʻo e ngaahi polotiní ʻoku fiemaʻu ki he funga meʻa taki taha. Ko e faipaiolosī molekula ko Frank Roberto naʻá ne ʻeke ʻi he ofoofo: “ʻE anga-fēfē haʻo teitei lava ke faʻifaʻitaki ki he meʻa ko iá?”
Ko e Vekiume ʻUhila
Ko e kukú ko e ngaahi fingota ʻoku kai mo sivi. ʻI he lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi kalasí ʻoku komo fakaʻaho ai ʻe he foʻi kuku taki taha ʻa e ngaahi lita vai ki hono sinó pea sivi ki tuʻa ʻo ʻikai ngata pē ʻi he meʻakaí mo e ʻosikená ka ko e ngaahi meʻa ʻuli foki hangē ko e pekitīlia fakatupu maumaú pea mo e ngaahi kemikale koná. ʻOku ʻai ʻe he malava ko ení ʻa e kukú ke nau hoko ai ko e ngaahi meʻa sivi vai fisifisimuʻa. ʻOkú ne toe ʻai kinautolu ke ala ngāueʻaki ko e ngaahi meʻa tala fakatokanga ki muʻa ki he ʻuli ʻa e vaí. Ko e fakatātaá, kuo tuku ʻa e kuku ʻe laui teau ki he tahi takatakai ʻi he keliʻanga lolo Ekofisk ʻi he tafaʻaki matāfanga ʻo Noaué. ʻI he māhina siʻi kotoa pē ʻoku toʻo ai kinautolu ʻe he kau saienisí ʻo fua ʻa e lahi ʻo e ʻuli ʻi honau ngeʻesí ke sio pe ʻoku maumauʻi ʻe he ngaahi kemikale ʻoku tukuange atu ki tahí ʻa e meʻamoʻui ʻi tahí. Talu mei he 1986, mo hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e kukú mo e tofé ʻi he Palani Siofi ʻo e Kukú ʻoku fakahoko ʻi he ngaahi vai matāfanga mo tuʻu loto fonua takatakai ʻi ʻAmelika Tokelaú. ʻOku malava ʻa e kau fakatotoló ke nau sio ki ha liliu pē ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e vaí ʻaki hono vakaiʻi fakataʻu ʻa e fingotá ni pe ʻoku faʻu ha ngaahi kemikale ʻi loto ʻiate kinautolu. He ʻaonga moʻoni ē ko ia!
Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi kalasi ʻi he vai melié, ko e kuku sepelā matohitohí, ʻoku faʻa vakai ki ai ko ha fingota fakatupu maumau. Ko e kuku tuʻufonua ko eni ʻa ia ko hono lahí ko e ngeʻesi nima ʻo e motuʻa tuhú, naʻe hangehangē ne ʻuluaki ʻomai ia ki ʻAmelika Tokelau ʻi ha meʻa matuʻutāmaki ne hoko ʻi he vaeuaʻanga ʻo e 1980 tupú ʻi he taimi naʻe tukuange ai ʻe ha vaka ne kolosi he ʻatalanitikí ʻa ʻene vai fakamamafá. ʻI heʻene mamaʻo mei hono ngaahi fili fakanatulá, ne tupu liuliunga vave ai ʻa e kuku sepelaá ʻi he Ngaahi Anovai Lahí pea mo e ngaahi halanga vai ofi atu ki aí, ʻo nau fakatupunga ai ʻa e maumau feʻunga hono mahuʻingá mo e tola ʻe laui miliona ʻaki ʻenau ʻai ke mapuni ʻa e ngaahi paipa komo vaí mo ʻenau pipiki ʻi he ngaahi vaká, ngaahi tauʻanga vaká, mo e ngaahi halafakakavakavá. Kuó ne toe holoki foki mo e lahi ʻo e ngaahi kalasi kuku tuʻufonua ʻe niʻihi.
Kae kehe, ʻoku ʻi ai hano tafaʻaki ʻaonga. Koeʻuhi ko e kuku sepelaá ko e ngaahi fingota tuʻu-ki-muʻa ia ʻi he kai mo siví, ʻoku vave ʻenau fakamaʻa ʻa e ngaahi anovai ʻulí ʻaki hono folo ʻa e fanga kiʻi limu ʻoku tēteé. ʻOku lava leva ai ʻa e ngaahi ʻakau lanu mata ʻi he lalo vaí ke toe tupu ʻāfaʻafa pea ʻomai ai ha nofoʻanga ki he ngaahi meʻa kehe ʻoku nofo ʻi he anovaí. ʻOku fakatotoloʻi ʻe he kau saienisí he taimí ni ʻa e foʻi fakakaukau ʻo hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e malava fakaesivi ʻa e kukú ke ne siviʻi ki tuʻa ʻa e pekitīlia fakatupu maumaú mei he ngaahi maʻuʻanga vai fakapuleʻangá pea naʻa mo hono toʻo ʻa e vai ʻulí mei he ngaahi ngāueʻanga ʻoku ngāueʻaki ai ʻa e vaí.
Ngaahi Pōtoʻi Kehe
Naʻá ke ʻiloʻi ʻoku faʻu ʻe he kuku nofo vai melie ʻe niʻihi ʻa e ngaahi mataʻitofe fakanatula, ʻa ia ko e niʻihi ʻo kinautolu ʻoku mātuʻaki mahuʻinga? Kapau kuó ke tui ʻi ha taimi ha meʻa teuteu ʻoku fakafonofono ʻaki ʻa e ngeʻesi tofé pe ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi foʻi fakamaʻu mataʻitofe, ko e ongo meʻá ni foki ko e ngaohi nai ia mei he kukú. Ko e ngeʻesi tofe uloulo lanu ʻumata, ʻoku toe ui ko e neka, ʻoku haʻu ia mei he ʻotu ʻi loto ʻi honau ngeʻesí, pea ʻoku faʻa ngāueʻaki ia ʻi he ngāueʻanga faʻu mataʻitofé. ʻOku fakahū ha foʻi kula ngeʻesi tofe fuosiʻi ʻaupito, ko e hifi mei he ngeʻesi kukú, ki ha tofe. ʻI hono langaʻi ení, ʻoku kamata ai ke ʻufiʻufi ʻe he tofé ʻa e meʻa fakahohaʻa ko ení ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi ʻotu neka, ʻo faifai atu pē pea fakatupu ai ha foʻi mataʻitofe.
Ko e moʻoni, ʻoku toe fafangaʻi kitautolu ʻe he ngaahi kuku nofo tahi ʻe niʻihi! Kuo fiefia ʻa e kakaí ʻi he laui senituli ʻi hono kai ʻa e kakano ifo mo fakatupu ivi ʻo e kukú ʻi ha ngaahi founga kehekehe. ʻI he ngaahi ʻapi Falaniseé te ke ʻahiʻahiʻi nai ai ʻa e moules marinière, ʻa ia, ko hono haka mao ia ʻo e kukú ʻi ha huhuʻa ʻo e uaine hinehina mo e onioni Tongá. ʻOku saiʻia ʻa e kau Sipeiní ʻi hono ngaohiʻaki ia ʻa e meʻatokoni ʻo e meʻa kehekehe ko e paella, lolotonga iá ʻoku teuteuʻi ia ʻe he kau Pelisiumé ʻi ha fuʻu kulo haka mao lahi, ʻo ʻalu fakataha mo e pateta fakapaku. Ko hono fāmaʻi fakakomēsiale ʻa e kukú ko ha pisinisi lahi ia takatakai ʻi he māmaní, neongo ʻoku kei ngāue ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻIulope ʻe niʻihi ʻa e ngaahi kautaha pisinisi ʻoku fakalele fakafāmili. Ko ha kiʻi fakatokanga: Kapau ʻokú ke palani ke fakaʻaliʻali ʻa e meʻakai ifo ko ení, fakapapauʻi ko hoʻo fingotá ʻoku haʻu ia mei ha matavai alafalalaʻanga, pea ʻoua ʻaupito ʻe ʻomai hoʻo kukú tonu mei he matātahí kae ʻoua kuó ke fakapapauʻi fakaʻaufuli ko e vaí ʻoku ʻikai ʻuli.
Ko hai ʻokú ne ʻiloʻi naʻa ʻoku toe ʻi ai ha ngaahi fakapulipuli kehe ʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe he kukú. He ko ē, ko e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi meʻamoʻui ko ení ʻoku pehē ʻoku nau moʻui ʻo fuoloa ange ʻi ha senituli! ʻOku maʻu ʻe he kukú ha kiʻi mafu valevale ʻokú ne pamu ʻa e toto maʻá, ka ʻoku ʻikai hano foʻi ʻuto. Ko ia ai, ʻoku anga-fēfē ʻa hono fai ʻe he kukú ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakaofo ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ʻi ʻolungá? ʻOku tali ʻe he Tohitapú: “Tokanga ki he kelekele, pea te ne akoʻi koe; ʻio, ʻe aʻau atu ʻe he ika ʻo e tahi. Ko hai ʻoku ʻikai ʻilo ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ni kotoa, ko e nima ʻo Sihova kuo ne fai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ni?”—Siope 12:7-9.
[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18]
Ko e Tokotaha Monomono Kēnisí
Ko e kuku ʻi he tahi lolotó ʻoku nofo ia ʻi he taha ʻo e ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku ʻikai talitali lelei taha ʻi he māmaní, ko e Māʻolunga ʻi he Vaeuaʻanga ʻo e ʻAtalanitikí, ʻa ia ʻoku puhi mai ai ʻe he fanga kiʻi luo vai vela ʻa e ngaahi kemikale kona ʻaupito ʻa ia ʻokú ne maumauʻi hokohoko ʻa e faʻunga fakakēnisi ʻo e meʻamoʻuí. Neongo ia, ʻoku ʻai ʻe ha ngaahi ʻenisaime makehe ke malava ʻe he kuku ko ení ʻo hokohoko monomono ʻa hono DNA. ʻOku fakatotoloʻi ʻe he kau saienisí ʻa e ngaahi ʻenisaime ko ení ʻi he ʻamanaki ke ʻilo ʻa e founga ke monomono ai ʻa e DNA ʻo e tangatá ʻa ia ʻoku maumauʻi ʻe he mahakí pe ko e hoholo ke motuʻá.
[Taiakalami/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 17]
(Ki he konga tohi kuo fokotuʻú, sio ki he tohí)
Ko e Founga Fakamaʻu ʻOku Ngāueʻaki ʻe he Kuku Lahi
Vaʻe
Vaʻa
Ngaahi Filo Paisasi
Filo
Huhuʻa
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 16]
Ko e kukú ko e fanga kiʻi meʻa sivi vai fisifisimuʻa
[Maʻuʻanga]
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources/Michigan Sea Grant
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 17]
Kuku lanu mata ʻĒsiá
Kuku lanu pulū
Kuku sepelā
Kuku Kalefōnia
Kuku villosa iris
(ʻIkai fakahaaʻi ʻa e kukú ʻo fakatatau ki ha sikeili)
[Maʻuʻanga]
Lanu mata ʻĒsiá: Courtesy of Mote Marine Laboratory;
sepelā: S. van Mechelen/University of Amsterdam/Michigan Sea Grant; kuku villosa iris mo e toʻohema ʻi laló: © M. C. Barnhart
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18]
Paella, ko ha meʻatokoni ʻo e meʻa kehekehe faka-Sipeini, ʻoku faʻa fakakau ai ʻa e kukú