Ko ha Fetaulaki Fakatoʻoaloto mo e Tofuaʻa Kuleí
MEI HE TOKOTAHA-TOHI ʻĀ HAKE! ʻI MEKISIKOU
Ko e maongo naʻe maʻu ʻi he fakaofiofi ki ha tofuaʻa ʻoku mohé ʻoku tautefito ʻa ʻene ʻi he tuʻunga lahi ʻaupito. Ko e fōtunga fakaesino ʻo e tofuaʻá ʻoku lahi fakaʻulia mo mālohi faufaua. ʻI he taimi ki he taimi, ʻokú te fanongo ai ki heʻene mānavá, pea ʻoku afuhi ʻaki nai ia ʻa e vai mei hono ihú. ʻI he mōmeniti ko iá, ʻoku ʻiloʻi ai ʻe he tangatá ʻokú ne fakaofiofi ki ha faʻunga ʻo e moʻuí ʻoku mahulu atu ia ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e mahino fakaetangatá; ko ha ʻi ai fakaofo, ʻoku fakasino mai ʻi ha fōtunga ʻuliʻuli fuopotopoto lōloa anga kehe.—Jacques-Yves Cousteau, toko taha fakatotolo ki he meʻa ʻi tahí.
KO E ngaahi lea ʻi ʻolungá ʻoku fakamatalaʻi lelei ai ʻa e ngaahi ongoʻi naʻa mau maʻu ʻi he fakaofiofi atu homau kiʻi vaka mīsiní ki he fanga tofuaʻa kulei ʻi he tahi fetapaki ʻo Magdalena Bay ʻi Baja California, Mekisikou. Ne ʻosi fuoloa pē ʻemau fakaʻamu ke sio ʻi he ngaahi meʻamoʻui maʻongoʻonga ko ení, ʻa ia ʻoku nau fononga ʻi he taʻu kotoa pē ki he ngaahi fangaʻuta ʻo Baja ke fakafanau mo fanafanau ai.
Naʻe tāmateʻi ʻe homau toko taha taki mamatá ʻa e mīsiní pea ʻaloʻalo fakalongolongo atu ke ofi ange. Naʻe hā ngali ʻikai ʻiloʻi ʻe he fanga tofuaʻá ʻemau fakaofiofi atú. Naʻa mau siofi ʻenau tōʻonga fakafanaú ʻi heʻenau teka, mapuna hake ʻo puhi tahí, pea uku fakafokifā ki lalo, ʻo fakaʻaliʻali fakalaukau honau ngaahi hikú. Ko e niʻihi ʻo kinautolu naʻa nau “fakaasiasi holo”—ʻo ʻalu hake honau ʻulú ki ʻolunga mei he vaí ʻo fakasiosio ki honau ʻātakaí.
Naʻe tala mai ʻe homau toko taha taki mamatá neongo ʻoku ʻikai fakaʻatā kimautolu ʻe he ngaahi tuʻutuʻuní ke mau ʻunu ke ofi ange ki he fanga tofuaʻá ʻi he mita ʻe 30, ko e ngaahi faʻē tofuaʻa fieʻiló mo honau ʻuhikí ʻoku nau faʻa fakaofiofi mai ki he fanga kiʻi vaka mīsiní ʻo fakaʻatā ke ala ange kia kinautolu!
Ko ha Fāinga ke Hao Moʻui
Hili ʻemau fetaulakí naʻe ueʻi ai kimautolu ke mau fai ha fakatotolo. Naʻa mau ako ʻo ʻiloʻi ʻi he lolotonga ʻa e senituli hono 19, ko e kau hoka tofuaʻa vēkeveké ne nau meimei fakaʻauha ʻa e konga lahi ʻo e tokolahi ʻo e tofuaʻá ʻi he fakahahake ʻo e Pasifikí. Hili ha kiʻi vahaʻa taimi, naʻe hōloa ʻa e fiemaʻu ʻo e lolo pea mo e hui ʻo e tofuaʻá, pea naʻe toe ʻalu hake ai ki ʻolunga ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e tofuaʻá. ʻI he konga ki muʻa leva ʻo e 1900 tupú, ʻi he hoko ʻa e ngaahi vaká ko e ‘ngaahi fale ngaohiʻanga koloa ʻoku tētē’ ʻo ʻai ai ke malava ʻa e kau hoka tofuaʻá ʻo ngaahi ʻa e kakano ʻo e tofuaʻá ʻi he vaká, naʻe toe kamata ai hono toutaiʻí. Ne toe meimei mole ʻosi ai ʻa e tofuaʻa kulei ʻi he fakahahake ʻo e Pasifikí.
ʻI he 1947 naʻe fai ai ʻa e maluʻi kakato ki he tofuaʻa kuleí ʻe he Komisoni Tofuaʻa Fakavahaʻapuleʻangá. ʻI he ngaahi taʻu ki mui ní naʻe toe aʻu ʻo fokotuʻu ai ʻe he puleʻanga Mekisikoú ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu pea mo e Tauhiʻanga Fakaeʻātakai Vizcaíno.a ʻI he taimí ni, ʻi ha tokolahi ko e toko 26,000 nai, ʻoku ʻikai kei hoko ʻa e tofuaʻa kuleí ʻo ʻi he ngaahi meʻamoʻui ʻoku ʻi he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmakí.
Ko ʻEnau Fononga Fakaofó
Ko e ngaahi feituʻu fafanga ʻo e tofuaʻa kuleí ʻi he faʻahitaʻu māfaná ʻoku ʻi he tokelau mamaʻó, ʻi he tahi Beringa mo Chukchi. ʻOku kai lahi ai ʻa e fanga tofuaʻá mei he fanga kiʻi paká, ʻo faʻuʻaki honau ngakó ki heʻenau fononga kilomita ʻe 16,000 ki he tongá ki he ngaahi fangaʻuta ʻi Baja pea mo ʻenau fokí. ʻI he fononga ʻi he vave ko e kilomita ʻe nima ki he hongofulu he houá, ʻoku ʻi he māhina ai ʻe ua ki he tolu ki he fanga tofuaʻá ke nau aʻu ai ki he feituʻu ʻoku nau fakataumuʻa ki aí. Ko e lahi ʻo e mamafa ʻo honau sinó ʻoku mole ia lolotonga ʻa e fonongá pea mo e ngaahi māhina ʻi Baja California, ʻi he meimei moʻui ʻataʻatā pē ʻa e fanga tofuaʻá mei honau ngako ne tuku tauhí.
Ko e fanga tofuaʻa fefine feitamá ʻoku nau ʻuluaki aʻu ki he ngaahi fangaʻutá, ʻa ia ʻoku nau fanau ai ʻi he ngaahi vai nongá. ʻOku fanauʻi ʻa e ngaahi ʻuhikí ʻo muʻomuʻa ki tuʻa ʻa e hikú pea kuo pau ke ʻohake ki he fukahi vaí ʻi he vave taha ʻe malavá koeʻuhí ke nau mānava. Ko e fāʻelé ʻoku tokoni ki ai ʻa e ongo tofuaʻa fefine kehe ʻe ua, ʻoku ui ko e ongo mehikitanga, ʻa ia ʻokú na ngāue ʻo hangē ko ha ongo māʻulí. Ko e vahaʻa taimi feitamá ʻoku ʻi he māhina ʻe 12 ki he 13, ko ia ʻoku fanauʻi ai ha ʻuhiki ʻe taha ʻi he taʻu ʻe ua pe tolu kotoa pē. Fakaʻuta atu ki hono fanauʻi ha pēpē ʻoku kilokalami ʻe 680 pea ko e fua ʻa hono lōloá ko e mita nai ʻe 5!
ʻOku huhu ʻa e ʻuhikí ʻo feʻunga nai mo e māhina ʻe valu ʻi he huʻakau ʻa ia ʻoku peseti ʻe 53 hono ngakó—ʻo liunga tolu ʻa hono ngakó ʻi he huʻakau pulú. ʻOku nofo ʻa e fanga tofuaʻá ʻi he ngaahi fangaʻutá ʻi he māhina ʻe ua ki he tolu, mei Sanuali ki he vaeuaʻanga ʻo Maʻasí, ʻa ia ʻoku fakaʻatā ai ʻa e ʻuhikí ke nau faʻu ha ʻotu ngako matolu ke fakaivia kinautolu ʻi heʻenau fononga fakatokelaú pea ke tauhi kinautolu ke nau māfana ʻi he ngaahi vai momoko ange ʻo e ʻĀketiká.
Naʻa mau ʻiloʻi ʻa e fakatoʻoaloto ʻa e ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa kotoa ko eni fekauʻaki mo e tofuaʻa kuleí, ʻo tānaki atu ia ki heʻemau hokosia fakangalongataʻa ʻa e sio kia kinautolu ʻi honau nofoʻangá. ʻOku fakatupunga ʻe he ngaahi meʻamoʻuí ni ke mau fakakaukau ai ki he ngaahi lea ʻo e Sāme 148:7: “ʻE, fai mai ʻa mamani ʻa e fakamalo ʻo Sihova, fanga tanini e, mo e ngaahi loloto na.”
[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]
a Ko e Komisoni Tofuaʻa Fakavahaʻapuleʻangá ʻoku fakaʻatā pē ai ʻa e hoka tofuaʻa ki he meʻakaí ʻe he kakai tuʻufonua ʻo ʻAlasikā mo Saipīliá. Ko e ngaahi tuʻunga ko ení kuo ʻi ai hono ola lelei ki he tofuaʻa kuleí, ʻa ia ʻoku vakai ki ai he taimí ni ʻe he kakai fakalotofonuá ʻoku nau anga-fakakaumeʻa koeʻuhi ko e tōʻonga naʻe lave ki ai ʻa homau toko taha taki mamatá.
[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 21]
FAFANGA
ʻI he ʻikai ha nifó, ko e tofuaʻa kuleí, ko ha tofuaʻa baleen, ʻokú ne maʻu ha ʻotu peleti hui lanu kilimi (fakahaaʻi ʻi he taá). ʻOku ʻinisi ʻe ua ki he hongofulu eni ʻi hono lōloá pea ʻoku tautau ia mei he tafaʻaki taki taha ʻo hono kaungao ʻolungá. ʻOku faʻuʻaki ʻa e ngaahi peletí ʻa e kelatini—ko e naunau tatau ʻoku faʻuʻaki hotau ngeʻesi nimá. Ko e tofuaʻa kuleí ʻoku kai ia ʻi he takelé—ʻa ia ʻokú ne huohua ʻi he takele ʻo e tahí, ʻo komo hake ʻa e totokaʻi meʻá mo e fanga kiʻi paká. ʻOkú ne sivi leva ʻa e vaí fakafou ʻi he ngaahi ngatangataʻanga ʻo e peletí.
[Maʻuʻanga]
Courtesy Gray whales with Winston
[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 22]
TAFAʻAKI ʻO E TOFUAʻA KULEÍ
◼ Ko e tofuaʻa kuleí ʻoku pulepule hinehina ʻa hono kilí—ko e tupu ia mei he fanga kiʻi fingotá mo e palasaití.
◼ ʻOku tupu ʻa e fanga tofuaʻa tangatá ʻo aʻu ki he mita ʻe 14—ʻo lōloa ange ia ʻi ha fuʻu pasi lahi—pea ʻoku kiʻi lalahi ange ai ʻa e fanga tofuaʻa fefiné.
◼ Ko e tofuaʻa kuleí ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e foʻi pelu ʻe ua ki he nima ʻi hono lalo mongá, ʻa ia ʻoku fakaʻatā ai ʻa e mongá ke fano ʻi he lolotonga ʻene kaí.
◼ Ko e fakaʻavalisi ʻo e mamafa ʻo ha tofuaʻa kuleí ko e toni ʻe 16, ka kuo aʻu ʻa e mamafa ʻo e niʻihi ki he toni ʻe 30 ki he 40.
◼ ʻOku mapuna hake ki ʻolunga ʻa e tofuaʻa kuleí ʻi he miniti ʻe tolu ki he nima kotoa pē ke mānava, ka ʻoku lava ke ne nofo ʻi lalo ʻo aʻu ki he miniti ʻe 15.
[Maʻuʻanga]
© Richard Herrmann/Seapics.com
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 20, 21]
“Fakaasiasi holo”
[Maʻuʻanga]
© Michael S. Nolan/Seapics.com
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 20]
© Howard Hall/Seapics.com