ʻOku ʻi he Tuʻunga Fakatuʻutāmaki ʻa e Palanite ko Māmaní?

KO E fakaʻau ke mafana ange ʻa e foʻi kolopé kuo fakamatalaʻi ko e fakatuʻutāmaki lahi taha ia ʻoku fehangahangai mo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. Ko e meʻa ʻoku hohaʻa ki ai ʻa e kau fakatotoló, ʻoku pehē ʻe he pepa ko e Science, “ko e vakai ko ia kuo tau kamataʻi ha foʻi liliu ʻoku ngaʻunu-māmālie ka ʻoku ʻikai lava ke taʻofi.” ʻOku fehuʻia ʻe he kau tui veiveiuá ʻa e fakamatalá ni. Ko e moʻoni, ʻoku loto-tatau ʻa e tokolahi ki he pehē ʻoku fakaʻau ke mafana ange ʻa e foʻi māmaní, ka ʻoku ʻikai te nau fakapapauʻi fakatouʻosi ʻa hono tupuʻangá mo hono nunuʻá. ʻOku kaunga nai ki ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku fai ʻe he tangatá, ko ʻenau laú ia, ka ʻoku ʻikai ko e tupuʻanga tefitó ia. Ko e hā ʻoku hoko ai ʻa e taʻeloto-tataú?

Ko e meʻa ʻe taha, ko e ngaahi ngāue fakanatula ʻokú ne faʻu ʻa e anga ʻo e ʻeá ʻi he māmaní ʻoku fihi pea ʻoku ʻikai ke mahinoʻi kakato. ʻIkai ngata aí, ko e ngaahi kulupu ko ia ʻoku nau mahuʻingaʻia ʻi he ngāue ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e ngaahi meʻá ni ʻoku nau hehema ke nau fai pē ʻenau fakaʻuhinga ʻanautolu ʻi he ngaahi fakamatala fakasaienisí, hangē ko ia ʻoku faʻa fakahaaʻi mai ai ʻa e ʻuhinga ʻoku kake ai ki ʻolunga ʻa e fua māfaná.

Kake ki ʻOlunga ʻa e Fua Māfaná—ʻOku Moʻoni Ia?

Fakatatau ki ha fakamatala ki muí ni mai ʻa e Kulupu Fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ki he Liliu ʻa e ʻEá (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC) ʻa ia ʻoku fakapaʻanga ʻe he Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá, ko e fakaʻau ke mafana ange ʻa e foʻi kolopé ʻoku “ʻikai toe ala fehuʻia,” pe ko ha moʻoniʻi meʻa ia; pea ʻoku “mātuʻaki ngalingali,” ko e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ke tukuakiʻi lahi ki aí. ʻOku ʻikai loto-tatau ʻa e niʻihi ki he fakamulitukú ni, tautefito ʻi he fekauʻaki mo e kaunga ki ai ʻa e tangatá, ʻo nau pehē ko e fakaʻau ke mafana ange ʻa e ngaahi kolo lalahí ia koeʻuhi ʻoku nau fakaʻau ke toe lalahi ange. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ʻoku hanga ʻe he ngaahi lauʻi simá ia mo e ukameá ʻo mimisi ʻa e mafana ʻo e laʻaá pea toki kamata ke mokomoko māmālie hifo ia ʻi he poʻulí. Ka ko hono lau ʻo e fua māfana ʻi he ngaahi kolo lalahí, ʻoku pehē ʻe he kau tui veiveiuá ia, ʻoku ʻikai ke tala ai ʻa e fua māfana ia ʻo e ngaahi feituʻu ʻutá pea ʻoku malava ke ʻavehalaʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fika fua māfana ʻo e foʻi kolopé.

ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, ko Clifford, ko ha tangataʻeiki ʻoku fakaʻapaʻapaʻi lahi ʻi ha kiʻi kolo ʻi he motu ofi ki he matāfonua ʻo ʻAlasikaá, ʻokú ne pehē kuó ne mātā tonu ʻa e ngaahi liliú. ʻOku fononga ʻa e kakai ʻi hono kiʻi koló ʻo kolosi ʻi he ʻaisi he fukahi tahí ki he fonua lahí ko e kumi ki he fanga tia. Ko e kake ki ʻolunga ʻa e fua māfaná, ʻokú ne ʻai ke taʻemalava ʻa e tōʻonga moʻui fakaetukufakaholó. “Kuo liliu ʻa e anga ʻo e ʻaú, liliu ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e ʻaisí, pea ko e poloka ʻa e Tahi Chukchi kuo . . . liliu,” ko e lau ia ʻa Clifford. Naʻe faʻa poloka fakaʻaufuli ʻa e tahí ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo ʻOkatopá, ko ʻene fakamatalá ia, ka ʻi he taimi ní ʻoku toki poloka ia ʻi he konga ki mui ʻo Tīsemá.

ʻI he 2007, naʻe toe hā mahino ʻa e fakaʻau ke mafana angé ʻi he Hūʻanga Fakatokelau-Hihifó ʻi he matāfonua fakatokelau ʻo ʻAmelika Tokelaú, ʻa ia ko e fuofua taimi ia ʻi he hisitōliá ke ala fai ha hū aí. “Ko e meʻa kuo tau mātā ʻi he taʻu ní ʻoku feʻungamālie ia mo hano fakamatalaʻi ʻoku ʻalu ke lōloa ange ʻa e taimi ʻoku vaia ai ʻa e ʻaisí,” ko e lea ia ʻa ha faisaienisi māʻolunga ʻi he Senitā Fakafonua ki he Sinoú mo e ʻAisí ʻi ʻAmelika.

Puke ʻe he Foʻi Māmaní ʻa e Mafaná —Mahuʻinga ki he Moʻuí

Ko ha ʻuhinga ʻoku ʻomai ki he ngaahi liliu peheé ko e fakaʻau ke lahi ange ʻa e puke ko ia ʻe he foʻi māmaní ʻa e mafaná, ʻa ia ko ha meʻa ia ʻoku hoko fakanatula pea ʻoku mahuʻinga ki he moʻui ʻi he māmaní. ʻI he taimi ʻoku aʻu mai ai ʻa e ivi mei he laʻaá ki he foʻi māmaní, ko e peseti nai ʻe 70 ʻokú ne mimisi maí, ki hono fakamāfanaʻi ʻa e ʻeá, fonuá mo e tahí. Ka ne ʻikai ke mimisi mai ʻa e foʻi mafana ko ʻení, ko e ʻavalisi ʻo e fua māfana ʻo e funga māmaní ʻe mei tikilī Falenihaiti nai pē ʻe noa (-18 tikilī Selosiasi). Faai atu pē, pea foki leva ʻa e foʻi mafana naʻe mimisi maí ki he ʻataá, ʻo maluʻi ai ʻa e foʻi māmaní mei haʻane fuʻu vela. Ka ʻi he taimi ʻoku liliu ai ʻe he ngaahi meʻa ʻokú ne ʻuliʻi ʻa e ʻātakaí ʻa e faʻunga ʻo e ʻatimosifiá, ko e siʻi ange ia ai ʻa e mafana ʻoku foki ki he ʻataá. ʻOku malava leva ʻe he meʻá ni ke ne fakatupunga ʻa e kake ki ʻolunga ʻa e fua māfana ʻo e foʻi māmaní.

Ko e ngaahi kasa ʻoku nau kaunga ki he kake ʻa e fua māfana ʻo e foʻi māmaní ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e kāponi taiʻokisaiti, naitulasi ʻokisaiti mo e mēfeini, pea pehē ki he mao mei he vaí. Ko hono lahi ʻo e ngaahi faʻahinga kasa ko ʻení ʻi he ʻatimosifia ʻo e foʻi māmaní kuo tupulekina lahi ʻaupito ia ʻi he taʻu ʻe 250 kuo maliu atú, talu mei he kamata ʻo e fuʻu liliu lahi ʻo ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻangāue fakamīsiní pea mo e tupulekina hono ngāueʻaki ʻo e ngaahi meʻa faʻu mei he fōsilí, hangē ko e malalá mo e loló. Ko e toe ʻuhinga ʻe taha ʻoku pukepuke ai ʻe he foʻi māmaní ʻa e tuʻunga vela lahi angé ʻoku hangehangē ko e tupu mei he fakaʻau ke toe lahi ange ʻa e ngaahi faama monumanú, ʻa ē ko e ngaahi ngāue ki hono fakamolū ʻo e meʻakai ʻi honau sinó ʻoku tupu mei ai ʻa e mēfeini mo e naitulasi ʻokisaiti. ʻOku tuhu ʻa e kau fakatotolo ʻe niʻihi ki he ngaahi tupuʻanga kehe ʻo e fakaʻau ke mafana angé ʻo nau pehē naʻe hoko ia ki muʻa ke malava ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻo uesia ʻa e anga ʻo e ʻeá.

Ko ha Feliliuaki Fakanatula Pē Ia ʻa e ʻEá?

Ko e faʻahinga ko ia ʻoku nau fakakaukau kuo ʻikai ke fakatupunga ʻe he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ia ʻa e ngaahi liliu ki muí ni ʻa e anga ʻo e ʻeá ʻoku nau poupouʻi ʻenau fakakaukaú ʻaki ʻa e pehē kuo liliu lahi moʻoni ʻa e fua māfana ʻo e foʻi māmaní ʻi he kuohilí. ʻOku nau tuhu ki he meʻa ʻoku taku ko e ngaahi kuonga ʻo e ʻaisí, ʻa e taimi ʻoku pehē naʻe mokomoko ʻaupito ange ai ʻa e foʻi māmaní ia ʻi he taimí ni; pea ʻi he poupou ki he fakanatula pē ʻa e fakaʻau ke mafana angé, ʻoku nau lave ki he fakamoʻoni ko e ngaahi feituʻu momokó, hangē ko Kulinilení, naʻe ʻi ai ʻa e taimi naʻe maʻu ai ʻa e ngoue ʻa ia ʻoku anga-maheniʻaki ʻa hono maʻu ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu māfaná. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku pehē ʻe he kau saienisí ko e mamaʻo ange ʻo ʻenau foki ki he kuohilí, ko e siʻi ange ia ʻenau fakapapauʻi ʻa e anga ʻo e ʻeá ʻi he taimi ko iá.

Ko e hā naʻá ne fakatupunga nai ʻa e liliu lahi ʻi he fua māfaná ki muʻa ke malava ʻe he tangatá ke uesia iá? Ko e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ala pehē naʻá ne fakatupunga iá ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e ngaahi ʻila fakapoʻuli ʻi he mata ʻo e laʻaá mo e ngaahi tapa maama mei ai, ʻa ia ʻoku fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi feliliuaki ʻi he ivi ʻoku tukuange mai ʻe he laʻaá. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ko e vilo takai ʻa e foʻi māmaní ʻoku feʻunga nai mo e laui afeʻi taʻu lahi pea ʻoku uesia ai ʻa e mamaʻo ʻo hotau palanité mei he laʻaá. ʻOku toe kaunga foki ki ai mo e efu mei he moʻunga afí pea mo e ngaahi liliu ʻi he ngaahi ʻau ʻo e ʻōsení.

Sīpinga Faʻu Fakamatala ʻEá

Kapau ʻoku kake ki ʻolunga ʻa e fua māfana ʻo e foʻi māmaní—tatau ai pē pe ko e tupu mei he hā—ʻe anga-fēfē ʻene uesia kitautolu mo e ʻātakaí? ʻOku faingataʻa ke fai ha ngaahi fakamatala tokamuʻa tonu mātē. Neongo ia, ʻi he ngaahi ʻahó ni, ʻoku malava ʻe he kau saienisí ke ngāueʻaki ha ngaahi komipiuta mālohi, ʻa ia ʻoku nau ngāueʻaki ke ne faʻu ha ngaahi sīpinga fakamatala ʻea fakaangaanga ʻo e anga ʻo e tuʻu ʻa e ʻeá. ʻOku fakapolokalamaʻi ki heni ʻa e ngaahi lao ʻo e fīsikí, fakamatala ki he anga ʻo e ʻeá, mo e ngaahi meʻa fakanatula ʻokú ne liliu ʻa e anga ʻo e ʻeá.

ʻOku hanga ʻe he ngaahi sīpinga fakamatala ʻea fakaangaangá ʻo ʻai ʻa e kau saienisí ke fai ha ngaahi tesi ki he anga ʻo e ʻeá ʻi he ngaahi founga naʻe ʻikai mei lava ke nau fai tonu. Ko e fakatātaá, ʻoku lava ke nau “liliu” fakaangaanga ʻa e ivi mei he laʻaá ke nau sio ai ki he anga hono uesia ʻe he meʻá ni ʻa e ʻaisi ʻi he polé, fua māfana ʻo e ʻeá mo e tahí, tuʻunga ʻo e liliu maó, teke mei he ʻatimosifiá, faʻunga ʻo e ʻaó, matangí mo e ʻuhá. ʻOku nau malava ke nau “faʻu” fakaangaanga ha ngaahi moʻunga afi ʻoku puna pea sivisiviʻi mei ai ʻa e ngaahi nunuʻa ʻo e efu mei he moʻunga afí ʻi he ʻeá. Pea ʻoku nau malava ke nau sivisiviʻi ʻa e ngaahi nunuʻa ʻo e tupu ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá, fakaʻauha ʻo e vaotaá, ngāueʻi ʻo e kelekelé, ngaahi liliu ʻi he tukuange atu ki he ʻatimosifiá ʻa e ngaahi kasa ʻokú ne puke ʻa e mafana mei he laʻaá, pea mo e alā meʻa peheé. ʻOku ʻamanekina ʻe he kau saienisí ʻe faai atu pē ʻo hoko ʻo tonu mo alafalalaʻanga ange ʻenau ngaahi sīpinga faʻu fakamatala ʻeá.

ʻOku tonu mātē fēfē ʻa e ngaahi sīpinga faʻu fakamatala ʻea lolotongá? Ko hono moʻoní, ko e konga lahi, ʻoku fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he tonu mo e lahi ʻo e fakamatala ʻoku nau fakahū ki he ngaahi mīsiní. ʻI he meʻá ni, ko e ngaahi fakamatala tokamuʻa ki he anga ʻo e ʻeá ʻe kehekehe pē ia mei heʻene tala ʻa e maluú pea mo e ngaahi tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻo e tuʻu ʻa e ʻeá. Naʻa mo ʻene peheé, ʻoku pehē ʻe he Science, “ʻoku malava noa ke hoko mai ha ngaahi meʻa fakaʻohovale mei he faʻunga ʻo e ʻeá [mei natula].” Pea kuo ʻosi hoko ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakaʻohovale ia ʻe niʻihi, hangē ko e vave anga-kehe ʻa e vaia ʻa e konga ʻaisi ʻi he ʻĀketiká, ʻa ia kuo fakaʻohovaleʻi ai ʻa e kau vakai matangi tokolahi. Ka, ʻoku malava ke nau fai ha ngaahi fili he ʻahó ni ʻa ia ʻe fakasiʻisiʻi nai ai ʻa e ngaahi palopalema ʻo e ʻapongipongí, neongo kapau naʻe maʻu pē ʻe he kau maʻu mafai ʻoku nau faʻu ʻa e ngaahi laó mo e ngaahi tuʻutuʻuní ha foʻi fakakaukau fakafuofua pē fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi ikuʻanga ʻo ha meʻa ʻoku lolotonga fai pe ʻikai ke fai he taimí ni.

ʻI he fakakaukau ki he tuʻunga ko iá, naʻe sivisiviʻi ai ʻe he IPCC ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala fakakomipiuta kehekehe ʻe ono ki he anga ʻo e ʻeá—ʻo kamata mei he ʻikai ke fokotuʻu ha fakangatangata, ngāueʻaki ʻa e fakangatangata ʻoku lolotonga ngāueʻakí, pea mo hono fokotuʻu ʻo e fakangatangata kakato ki he meʻa ʻoku tupu mei ai ʻa e kasa ʻoku mafana ai ʻa e foʻi māmaní—naʻe maʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi ola kehekehe taki taha ʻi he anga ʻo e tuʻu ʻa e ʻeá pea pehē ki he ʻātakaí. ʻI he mahino mei he ngaahi fakamatala tokamuʻa ko iá, ʻoku pouaki ai ʻe he kau ʻanalaisó ʻa hono faʻu ha ngaahi lao kehekehe. ʻOku fakakau ki ai ʻa hono tuʻutuʻuniʻi ha fakangatangata ki hono ngāueʻaki ʻo e ngaahi meʻa hangē ko e kasá mo e loló, ko e ngaahi tautea ki he faʻahinga ʻoku nau talangataʻa ki aí, ngāueʻaki lahi ange ʻa e ivi fakaniukiliá, pea mo hono ngāueʻaki ha ngaahi tekinolosia ʻoku ʻikai fakatupu maumau ki he ʻātakaí.

ʻOku Alafalalaʻanga ʻa e Ngaahi Sīpinga Faʻu Fakamatala ʻEá?

Ko e ngaahi founga fakamatala ʻea lolotongá “ʻoku fakafaingofuaʻi tōtuʻa ai ʻa e ngaahi founga ngāue ki he anga ʻo e ʻeá ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai loko mahinoʻi” pea “tukunoaʻi fakaʻaufuli ʻa e ngaahi founga ngāue kehé ia,” ko e lau ia ʻa e kau fakaangá. ʻOku nau toe tuhu ki he ngaahi faikehekehe ʻi he ngaahi sīpinga fakamatala ʻea fakaangaanga fakakomipiutá. Ko ha faisaienisi ʻe taha naʻe kau ʻi he ngaahi lāulea ʻa e IPCC naʻá ne pehē: “ʻOku ʻi ai ʻa e niʻihi ʻo kitautolu ʻoku kei mātuʻaki fakasīlongoʻi ʻe he foʻi ngāue ko hono fua mo mahinoʻi ʻa e sisitemi fihi anga-kehe ʻo e anga ʻo e ʻeá ʻo tau veiveiua ai fekauʻaki mo haʻatau malava ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e meʻa ʻoku lolotonga hokó pea mo hono ʻuhingá.”a

Ko hono moʻoní, ʻe fakakikihiʻi ʻe he niʻihi ʻo pehē ko e ʻikai ko ia ke fakahoko ha ngaahi liliu koeʻuhi pē ko e ʻikai ke tau ʻilo pau ʻa e tupuʻanga ʻo e palopalemá ko hano tuku atu pē ia pe ko e hā ʻe toki hoko ʻi he kahaʻú. “Te tau fakamatalaʻi fēfē ʻeni ki heʻetau fānaú?” ko ʻenau laú ia. Tatau ai pē pe ʻoku tonu pe ʻikai ʻa e ngaahi sīpinga faʻu fakamatala ʻeá, ʻoku lava ke tau fakapapauʻi ʻoku ʻi he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ʻaupito ʻa e foʻi māmaní. Ko hono ʻātakai fakatupu moʻuí ʻoku lolotonga maumauʻi ʻe he ʻulí, fakaʻauha ʻo e vaotaá, nofoʻi vave ʻo ha feituʻu foʻou, pea mo e ʻosi kotoa atu ʻo ha faʻahinga meʻamoʻui, ʻa ia ko e lave pē ia ki he niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻikai toe ala fakakikihiʻi ʻe ha taha.

ʻI he vakai atu ki he meʻa ʻoku tau ʻiloʻí, ʻe lava ke tau ʻamanekina ʻe lava ʻe he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá kotoa ʻo liliu ʻenau founga moʻuí ke fakahaofi hotau ʻapi fakaʻofoʻofá—pea pehē kia kitautolu? ʻIkai ko ia pē, kapau ʻoku fakatupunga ʻe he ngāue ʻa e tangatá ʻa e fakaʻau ke mafana ange ʻa e foʻi kolopé, ʻoku tau maʻu pē nai ha laui taʻu siʻi, ʻo ʻikai ko ha laui senituli, ke fai ai ʻa e ngaahi liliu ʻoku fiemaʻú. ʻI ha faʻahinga tuʻunga pē, ko hono fai ʻo e ngaahi liliu ko iá ʻoku ʻuhinga iá ke fai leva ha tokanga ki he ngaahi tupuʻanga tefito ʻo e ngaahi palopalema ʻo e foʻi māmaní—ʻa e mānumanu ʻa e tangatá, siokitá, taʻeʻiló, puleʻanga taʻefeʻunga pea mo e taʻemahuʻingaʻiá. ʻOku ngalingali ʻe hoko ʻa e ʻamanaki ko iá pe ko ha fakaʻamu pē ia? Kapau ko ha fakaʻamu pē ia, ʻoku ʻikai nai ha toe ʻamanaki ia kiate kitautolu? ʻE lāulea ʻi he kupu hoko maí ki he fehuʻi ko iá.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 5]

ʻOKU ANGA-FĒFĒ HOʻO FUA ʻA E FUA MĀFANA ʻO E FOʻI MĀMANÍ?

Ke fakatātaaʻi ʻa hono faingataʻá, ʻe anga-fēfē haʻo fua ʻa e fua māfana ʻo ha foʻi loki lahi pē ʻe taha? Ko e fakatātaá, te ke fokotuʻu ʻi fē ʻa e meʻa-fua-māfaná? ʻOku ʻalu ki ʻolunga ʻa e ʻea velá, ko ia ko e ʻea ʻoku ofi ki he ʻaofí ʻe ngalingali ʻe māfana ange ia ʻi he ʻea ʻoku ofi ki he falikí. ʻE toe uesia foki ʻa e fuá kapau ko e meʻa-fua-māfaná ʻoku ofi ki ha matapā sioʻata, ʻi ha foʻi feituʻu ʻoku ulo fakahangatonu mai ki ai ʻa e laʻaá, pe ko ha foʻi malumalu. ʻOku toe kaunga nai mo e lanú ki he kehekehe ʻa e fuá, koeʻuhi he ʻoku maʻu ʻe he ngaahi meʻa lanu fakapōpōʻulí ʻa e ʻea mafana lahi ange.

Ko ia ai, ʻoku ngalingali ʻe ʻikai ke feʻunga pē ʻa e fua ʻe tahá. Kuo pau ke ke fai ʻa e fuá mei he ngaahi tafaʻaki kehekehe pea toki fikaʻi ai ha ʻavalisi. Pea ko e ngaahi fuá ʻe liliu nai ia mei he ʻaho ki he ʻaho pea mei he faʻahitaʻu ki he faʻahitaʻu. Ko ia ke maʻu ʻa e ʻavalisi totonú, kuo pau ke ke fai ʻa e fuá ʻo tuʻo lahi ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi lōloa. Ko ia ai, sioloto atu ki he fihi lahi ʻa hono fua ʻa e fua māfana fakakātoa ʻo e funga ʻo māmaní, ʻatimosifiá pea mo e ngaahi ʻōsení! Ka neongo ia, ʻoku feʻungaʻānoa pē ʻa e ngaahi fika peheé ki hono fikaʻi totonu ʻa e feliliuaki ʻa e anga ʻo e ʻeá.

[Maʻuʻanga Tā]

NASA photo

[Puha ʻi he peesi 6]

KO E FAKALELEIʻANGÁ ʻA E IVI FAKANIUKILIÁ?

Ko e ivi ʻoku lolotonga ngāueʻaki ʻi māmani lahí ʻoku lahi ange mo toe vave ange hono ngāueʻakí ʻi ha toe taimi ki muʻa. Koeʻuhi ko hono tutu ʻo e loló mo e malalá ʻoku tupu mei ai ʻa e ngaahi kasa ʻokú ne puketuʻu ʻa e mafaná ʻo kake ai ʻa e fua māfana ʻo e foʻi māmaní, ʻoku fakakaukau ai ʻa e ngaahi puleʻanga ʻe niʻihi ki he ivi fakaniukiliá ko ha meʻa ia ʻoku maʻa ange ke fetongi ki ai. Ka ʻoku toe ʻomai pē ʻe he meʻa ko iá ʻa e ngaahi palopalema.

ʻOku līpooti mai ʻe he International Herald Tribune ʻo pehē ʻi Falanisē, ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi fonua ʻoku fakafalala lahi taha ki he ivi fakaniukiliá, ʻoku aʻu ki he kiupiki mita ʻe 19 piliona ʻa e vai ʻoku fiemaʻu fakataʻu ke fakamokomoko ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi mīsini ʻoku nau faʻu ʻa e ivi fakaniukiliá. ʻI he lolotonga ʻo e ʻea vela anga-kehe ʻo e 2003, ko e vai vela ko ia naʻe tukuange mai ʻe he ngaahi mīsini faʻu ivi fakaniukilia ʻi Falaniseé naʻá ne hikiʻi hake nai ʻa e fua māfana ʻo e ngaahi vaitafé ʻo ʻi he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻa moʻui aí. Ko ia ai, naʻe pau ai ke tāpuni ʻa e ngaahi fale-ʻuhila ʻe niʻihi. ʻOku ʻamanekina ʻe toe fakaʻau ke kovi ange ʻa e tuʻungá ni kapau ʻe kake hake ʻa e fua māfana ʻo e foʻi kolopé.

“ʻE fiemaʻu ia ke tau solova ʻa e palopalema ʻo e liliu ʻa e anga ʻo e ʻeá kapau te tau ngāueʻaki ʻa e ivi fakaniukiliá,” ko e lau ia ʻa e ʻenisinia fakaeniukilia ko David Lochbaum ʻo e ʻIunioni ʻo e Kau Saienisi Tokangá.

[Puha/Mape ʻi he peesi 7]

NGAAHI FAKATAMAKI NAʻE TUPU MEI HE ʻEÁ ʻI HE 2007

Ko e taʻu 2007 naʻe māʻolunga taha ai ʻa e lahi ʻo e ngaahi fakatamaki naʻe tupu mei he ʻeá ʻo ʻikai hano tatau ki muʻa pea naʻe ʻoatu ai ʻe he ʻŌfisi ʻo e Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá ki he Tokangaʻi ʻo e Ngaahi Meʻa ki he Faʻahinga ʻo e Tangatá ha ngaahi kole ʻe 14 ki ha tokoni lahi ʻaupito mo fakavavevave—ʻo laka hake ʻaki ia ha kole ʻe 4 mei he lēkooti ki muʻá, naʻe fokotuʻu ʻi he 2005. ʻOku fakahokohoko atu heni ʻa e niʻihi pē ʻo e ngaahi fakatamaki naʻe hoko ʻi he 2007. Kae manatuʻi ange, ʻoku ʻikai ke fakahaaʻi papau ʻe he meʻa taki taha ia naʻe hokó naʻe pehē ai pē ʻi ha vahaʻa taimi lōloa.

◼ Pilitānia: Laka hake ʻi he kakai ʻe toko 350,000 naʻe uesia ʻe he tāfea kovi taha kuo hoko laka hake ʻi he taʻu ʻe 60. Naʻe hokosia ai ʻe ʻIngilani mo Uēlesi ʻi Mē ki Siulai ʻa e ʻuha lahi taha talu mei he kamata hono lēkōtí ʻi he 1766.

◼ ʻAfilika Hihifo: Naʻe uesia ai ʻe ha ngaahi tāfea ʻa e kakai ʻe toko 800,000 ʻi he ngaahi fonua ʻe 14.

◼ Lesoto: Naʻe hanga ʻe he māʻolunga ʻa e fua māfaná mo e laʻalaʻaá ʻo fakaʻauha ʻa e ngaahi ngoué. ʻOku fiemaʻu nai ha tokoni fakameʻakai ki he kakai ʻe toko 553,000 nai.

◼ Sutani: Ne hanga ʻe ha ngaahi ʻuha lōvai ʻo fakamoleki ʻa e ngaahi ʻapi ʻo e kakai ʻe toko 150,000. ʻOku ʻikai toe siʻi hifo ʻi he toko 500,000 naʻe fai ki ai ʻa e tokoni.

◼ Matakesikā: Ne taaʻi ʻe ha ngaahi saikolone mo ha ngaahi ʻuha lahi ʻa e motú, ʻo fetukutuku ai ʻa e kakai ʻe toko 33,000 mei honau ngaahi ʻapí pea fakaʻauha ʻa e ngaahi ngoue ʻa e toko 260,000.

◼ Kōlea Tokelau: ʻOku fakafuofua ki he toko 960,000 ne uesia kovi ʻe he tāfea lahi fakaʻulia, holo ʻa ha ngaahi konga fonua, mo e holo ʻa e ngaahi pelepelá.

◼ Pengikolotesi: Naʻe uesia ʻe ha tāfea ʻa e kakai ʻe toko 8.5 miliona pea laka hake ʻi he toko 3,000 naʻe mate ai, pea pehē ki he fanga monumanu fāmaʻi ʻe toko 1.25 miliona. ʻOku ofi ʻi he ngaahi ʻapi ʻe 1.5 miliona naʻe maumauʻi pe ʻauha ai.

◼ ʻInitia: Naʻe uesia ʻe ha ngaahi tāfea ʻa e kakai ʻe toko 30 miliona.

◼ Pākisitani: Naʻe hanga ʻe ha ngaahi ʻuha ʻi ha saikolone ʻo fakatukuhāusiaʻi ʻa e kakai ʻe toko 377,000 pea mate ai mo e kakai ʻe toko 296.

◼ Polivia: Laka hake ʻi he kakai ʻe toko 350,000 naʻe uesia ʻe ha tāfea, pea tukuhāusia ʻa e toko 25,000.

◼ Mekisikou: Ne hanga ʻe ha tāfea ʻi ha vahefonua ai ʻo fakatukuhāusiaʻi ʻa e kakai ʻikai toe siʻi hifo ʻi he toko 500,000 pea uesia mo e toko taha miliona tupu.

◼ Lepupilika Tominika: Ne hanga ʻe ha ʻuha lōvai fuoloa ʻo fakatupunga ha ngaahi tāfea mo ha holo ʻa ha ngaahi konga fonua, ʻo hiki ai ʻa e toko 65,000 mei honau ngaahi ʻapí.

◼ ʻAmelika: Ko ha vela ʻi he tafaʻaki fakatonga ʻo Kalefōniá ʻa ia naʻe mātuʻaki fuʻu mōmoa ʻo pau ai ke hola ʻa e kakai ʻe toko 500,000 mei honau ngaahi ʻapí.

[Maʻuʻanga Tā]

Based on NASA/ Visible Earth imagery