Ko Hai ʻa e Kau Makapeo?

KI HE tokolahi, ko e vahaʻa taimi ʻo e kau Makapeó ʻoku hangē ia ha meʻa taʻeʻiloa ʻoku fufū ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e kakato ʻo e ngaahi tohi fakaʻosi ʻo e Ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Faka-Hepeluú pea mo e hoko mai ʻa Sīsū Kalaisí. Hangē tofu pē ko e ngaahi fakaikiiki pau ʻoku fakaeʻa ʻi hono ako ha meʻa taʻeʻiloa ʻo kau ki ha vakapuna hili haʻane pā, ʻe lava ke maʻu ha ngaahi fakamaama ʻi ha sio ofi ki he kuonga ʻo e kau Makapeó​—ko e kuonga ia ʻo e ngaʻunu mo e liliu ki he puleʻanga faka-Siú.

Ko hai ʻa e kau Makapeó? Naʻe anga-fēfē ʻenau uesia ʻa e lotu faka-Siú ki muʻa ke haʻu ʻa e Mīsaia naʻe tomuʻa talá?​—Taniela 9:​25, 26.

Ko e Peau Kula ʻo e Fakaului Faka-Kalisí

Naʻe ikunaʻi ʻe ʻAlekisānita ko e Lahi ʻa e ngaahi feituʻu kotoa ʻo faai mai mei Kalisi ki ʻInitia (336-​323 K.M.). Ko hono fuʻu puleʻangá ko ha meʻa tefito ia ʻi hono fakamafola atu ʻa e Fakaului faka-Kalisí​—ʻa e lea mo e anga fakafonua ʻa Kalisí. Naʻe mali ʻa e kau ʻōfisa mo e kau tau ʻa ʻAlekisānitá mo e kakai fefine ʻo e feituʻú, ʻo fakatupunga ai ʻa e fio ʻi he anga fakafonua faka-Kalisí mo e ngaahi fonua mulí. Hili e mate ʻa ʻAlekisānitá, naʻe vahevahe ʻa hono puleʻangá ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo ʻene kau senialé. ʻI he kamataʻanga ʻo e senituli hono ua K.M., naʻe toʻo ai ʻe ʻAnitiokasi  III ʻo e haʻa tuʻi Selusita Kalisi ʻi Sīliá ʻa ʻIsileli mei he puleʻi ʻe he kau Tolomī Kalisi ʻo ʻIsipité. Naʻe anga-fēfē hono uesia ʻe he pule Fakaului faka-Kalisí ʻa e kau Siu ʻi ʻIsilelí?

ʻOku tohi ʻe ha faihisitōlia ʻe taha: “Koeʻuhi naʻe ʻikai lava ʻe he kau Siú ʻo taʻofi ʻa e fetuʻutaki mo honau ngaahi kaungāʻapi ului Kalisí, pea siʻi ange ʻenau fetuʻutaki mo honau kakai Siu nofo mamaʻó, ko hono puke ʻo e anga fakafonua faka-Kalisí mo e ngaahi founga fakakaukau faka-Kalisí naʻe taʻealakalofi ia. . . . Ko e ʻi ai pē ʻi he vahaʻa taimi Fakaului faka-Kalisí naʻe kau ki ai ʻa hono puke mai ʻo e anga fakafonua faka-Kalisí!” Naʻe ohi ʻe he kau Siú ʻa e ngaahi hingoa Kalisi. ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga kehekehe, naʻa nau ohi mai ʻa e ngaahi tōʻonga mo e vala faka-Kalisí. Naʻe mahiki hake ai ʻa e mālohi olopoto ʻo e fai fakatataú.

Fakameleʻi ʻo e Kau Taulaʻeikí

Ko e kau taulaʻeikí naʻe ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau Siu naʻa nau tali lahi taha ʻa e tākiekina Fakaului faka-Kalisí. Ki he tokolahi ʻo kinautolu, ko hono tali ʻo e Fakaului faka-Kalisí naʻe ʻuhingá ko hono fakaʻatā ia ʻa e lotu faka-Siú ke laka ki muʻa fakataha mo e kuongá. Ko e Siu pehē ʻe taha ko Seisoni (naʻe ui ko Siosiua ʻi he faka-Hepeluú), ko e tehina ia ʻo e taulaʻeiki lahi ko ʻOniasi III. Lolotonga ʻa e mamaʻo ʻa ʻOniasi ʻi ʻAniteoké, naʻe ʻoatu ai ʻe Seisoni ha totongi fakafufū ki he kau maʻu mafai Kalisí. Ko e hā hono ʻuhingá? Ke fakalotoʻi kinautolu ke fakanofo ʻa Seisoni ko e taulaʻeiki lahí ia ʻo fetongi ʻa ʻOniasi. Ko e tokotaha-pule Selusita Kalisi ko ʻAnitiokasi ʻEpifeini (175-​164 K.M.) naʻá ne tali lelei ʻa e tuʻuakí. Naʻe ʻikai ke kau noaʻia ki muʻa ʻa e kau pule Kalisí ʻi he tuʻunga taulaʻeiki lahi faka-Siú, ka naʻe fiemaʻu ʻe ʻAnitiokasi ia ʻa e paʻangá ki he ngaahi feingatau fakakautaú. Naʻá ne toe fiefia foki ke maʻu ha taki Siu ʻa ia te ne toe longomoʻui lahi ange ʻi hono poupouʻi ʻo e Fakaului faka-Kalisí. ʻI ha kole ʻa Seisoni, naʻe foaki ai ʻe ʻAnitiokasi ki Selusalema ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo ha kolo Kalisi (polis). Pea naʻe langa ʻe Seisoni ha fale faiʻanga sipoti ʻa ia naʻe feʻauhi ai ʻi he ngaahi vaʻingá ʻa e kau talavou Siú pea naʻa mo e kau taulaʻeikí.

Naʻe fanauʻi ʻe he anga-lavakí ʻa e anga-lavaki. ʻI he taʻu ʻe tolu ki mui ai, ko Minelosi, ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai nai mei he laine taulaʻeikí, naʻá ne ʻoatu ai ha totongi fakafufū lahi ange, pea naʻe hola ʻa Seisoni. Ke totongiʻi ʻa ʻAnitiokasi, naʻe ʻave ʻe Minelosi ʻa e fuʻu paʻanga lahi mei he tukuʻanga koloa ʻi he temipalé. Koeʻuhi ko ʻOniasi III (ʻi hono fakaheeʻi ʻi ʻAniteoké) naʻá ne lea fakafepaki fekauʻaki mo e meʻá ni, naʻe fokotuʻutuʻu ai ʻe Minelosi ke fakapoongi ia.

ʻI he mafola ha talanoa ʻo pehē kuo mate ʻa ʻAnitiokasí, naʻe foki mai ai ʻa Seisoni ki Selusalema mo ha kau tangata ʻe toko taha afe ʻi ha feinga ke toʻo meia Minelosi ʻa e tuʻunga taulaʻeiki lahí. Ka naʻe ʻikai ke mate ʻa ʻAnitiokasi. ʻI he fanongo ki he tōʻonga ʻa Seisoní pea mo e fakahohaʻa ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau Siú ʻi he fakafetau ki heʻene ngaahi palani Fakaului faka-Kalisí, naʻe tali ʻaki ʻe ʻAnitiokasi ha sāuni.

Fai ʻe ʻAnitiokasi e Meʻa

ʻI heʻene tohi ko e The Maccabees, ʻoku tohi ai ʻe Moshe Pearlman: “Neongo ʻoku ʻikai fakamatalaʻi kakato ʻi he ngaahi lēkōtí, ʻoku hā naʻe fakaʻosiʻaki ʻe ʻAnitiokasi ʻo pehē ko hono fakaʻatā ʻa e tauʻatāina ki he lotu faka-Siú naʻe hoko ia ko ha hala fakapolitikale. Kiate ia, ko e angatuʻu fakamuimui taha ʻi Selusalemá ne tupu hake ia ʻo ʻikai mei he ngaahi taumuʻa fakalotu ʻataʻatā pē ka mei ha ongoʻi leleiʻia ki ʻIsipite naʻe kei ʻi ai ʻi Siutea, pea ko e ngaahi fakakaukau fakapolitikale ko ení naʻe fakahaaʻi fakatuʻutāmaki tonu ia, koeʻuhi he ko e kau Siú pē taha, ʻi he kotoa ʻo hono kakaí, naʻa nau kumi pea nau fakaʻatā ha fuʻu fakamavahevahe fakalotu lahi. . . . Ko e meʻá ni, naʻá ne fakapapauʻi, ʻe taʻofi ia.”

Ko e politiki mo mataotao ʻIsileli ko Abba Eban naʻá ne tohi fakanounou ʻa e meʻa hono hokó: “ʻI he fetongi vave lolotonga ʻa e ongo taʻu 168 mo e 167 [K.M.], naʻe tāmateʻi tavale ai ʻa e kau Siú, naʻe ʻave ʻa e koloa ʻi he Temipalé, pea taʻofi ai ʻa hono fai ʻo e lotu faka-Siú. Naʻe hoko ai ʻo tautea mate ʻa e kamú, pea pehē ki hono tauhi ʻo e Sāpaté. Ko e fakamamahi taupotu tahá naʻe hoko ia ʻi Tīsema 167, ʻa ia, ʻi he tuʻutuʻuni ʻa ʻAnitiokasí, naʻe fokotuʻu ai ha ʻōlita kia Siusi ʻi he loto Temipalé, pea naʻe fiemaʻu ai ki he kau Siú ke nau feilaulauʻaki ʻa e kakano ʻo e fanga puaká​—ko hono moʻoní, naʻe taʻemaʻa, ʻi he lao faka-Siú​—ki he ʻotua ʻo e kau Kalisí.” Lolotonga ʻa e vahaʻa taimi ko ení, naʻe hokohoko atu pē ʻa Minelosi mo e kau Siu Fakaului faka-Kalisi kehé ʻi honau ngaahi tuʻungá, ʻo ngāue ʻi ha temipale kuo ʻuliʻi ʻi he taimi ko ení.

Lolotonga naʻe tali ʻe he kau Siu tokolahi ʻa e Fakaului faka-Kalisí, ko ha kulupu foʻou naʻa nau ui kinautolu ko e kau Hāsití​—faʻahinga līʻoa fakalotú​—naʻa nau fakalototoʻaʻi ʻa e talangofua lahi ange ki he Lao ʻa Mōsesé. ʻI he fakaliliʻa he taimi ko ení ʻi he kau taulaʻeiki Fakaului faka-Kalisí, naʻe kau lahi ange ʻa e kakai lāuvalé mo e kau Hāsití. Naʻe hoko ai ha vahaʻa taimi ʻo e mate fakamaʻata ʻi hono fakamālohiʻi ʻa e kau Siu ʻi he kotoa ʻo e fonuá ke liliu ki he ngaahi tōʻonga fakapanganí pea fai ʻa e ngaahi feilaulaú pe ko e mate. Ko e ngaahi tohi fakaʻapokalifa ʻa e kau Makapeó ʻoku ʻomai ai ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala lahi fekauʻaki mo e kakai tangata, kakai fefine, mo e fānau ʻa ia naʻa nau fili ke mate ʻi haʻanau fakangaloku.

Ko e Tali ʻa e Kau Makapeó

Ko e ngaahi tōʻonga fuʻu hulu ʻa ʻAnitiokasí naʻá ne fakaʻaiʻai ʻa e kau Siu tokolahi ke faitau maʻa ʻenau lotú. ʻI Modi’‏in, ʻi he tokelau-hihifo ʻo Selusalemá ofi ki he kolo ʻi onopooni ko Lod, naʻe ui mai ai ha taulaʻeiki ko hono hingoá ko Mataiasi ki he loto koló. Koeʻuhi naʻe fakaʻapaʻapaʻi ʻa Mataiasi ʻe he kakai ʻo e koló, naʻe feinga ai ʻa e fakafofonga ʻo e tuʻí ke fakalotoʻi ia ke kau ʻi ha feilaulau fakapangani​—ke fakahaofi ai ʻene moʻuí pea ke fokotuʻu ai ha faʻifaʻitakiʻanga ki he toenga ʻo e kakaí. ʻI he fakafisi ʻa Mataiasí, naʻe manga mai ha tokotaha Siu ia ʻe taha, kuo mateuteu ke fakangaloku. ʻI heʻene fuʻu ʻitá, naʻe hamusi mai ai ʻe Mataiasi ha meʻatau ʻo tāmateʻi ia. ʻI he ʻohovale he tōʻonga fakamālohi ʻa e tangata taʻumotuʻa ko ení, naʻe māmālie ʻa e tali ki ai ʻa e kau sōtia Kalisí. ʻI ha ngaahi sekoni, ne tāmateʻi ai foki ʻe Mataiasi ʻa e ʻōfisa Kalisí. Naʻe ikunaʻi ai ʻe he foha ʻe toko nima ʻo Mataiasí mo e kau nofo ʻi he koló ʻa e kau tau Kalisí ki muʻa ke nau lava ʻo maluʻi kinautolu.

Naʻe kaila ʻa Mataiasi: ‘Ke muimui mai ʻiate au ʻa e tokotaha kotoa pē ʻoku faivelenga ki he Laó.’ Ke hola mei he fakafetau fakafepaki ko ení, naʻá ne hola ai mo hono ngaahi fohá ki he feituʻu moʻungá. Pea ʻi he mafola ʻa e talanoa ki heʻenau tōʻongá, ko e kau Siú (kau ai ʻa e kau Hāsiti tokolahi) naʻa nau kau mo kinautolu.

Naʻe fakanofo ʻe Mataiasi ʻa hono foha ko Siuta ke pule ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakakautaú. Mahalo koeʻuhi ko e poto fakakautau ʻa Siutá, naʻe ui ai ia ko Makapeo, ko hono ʻuhingá ko e “hāmala.” Naʻe ui ʻa Mataiasi mo hono ngaahi fohá ko e kau Hesimoneia, ko ha hingoa naʻe maʻu mei he kolo ko Hesimoní pe mei haʻanau kui naʻe hingoa pehē. (Siosiua 15:27) Kae kehe, koeʻuhi naʻe hoko ʻa Siuta Makapeo ko e tokotaha ʻiloa ia ʻi he lolotonga ʻa e angatuʻú, naʻe hoko ai ʻo ui ʻa e fāmilí kotoa ko e kau Makapeó.

Ko e Toe Maʻu ʻo e Temipalé

Lolotonga ʻa e ʻuluaki taʻu ʻo e angatuʻú, naʻe malava ai ʻa Mataiasi mo hono ngaahi fohá ke fokotuʻutuʻu maau ha kiʻi kau tau. Naʻe laka hake ʻi he tuʻo tahá ʻa hono ʻohofi ʻe he kau tau Kalisí ha kulupu ʻo e kau tau Hāsití ʻi he Sāpaté. Neongo naʻa nau malava ke maluʻi kinautolu, naʻe ʻikai te nau maumauʻi ʻa e Sāpaté. Ko ia, naʻe iku ai ki he fuʻu tāmate lahi. Ko Mataiasi​—ʻi he vakai ki ai he taimi ko ení ko ha mafai fakalotú​—naʻá ne fokotuʻu ai ha lao ʻa ia naʻe fakaʻatā ai ʻa e kau Siú ke nau maluʻi kinautolu ʻi he Sāpaté. Naʻe ʻikai ngata pē ʻi hono ʻoange ʻe he lao ko ení ʻa e mālohi foʻou ki he kau angatuʻú ka naʻá ne toe fokotuʻu foki ha sīpinga ʻi he lotu faka-Siú ʻi hono fakaʻatā ʻa e kau taki lotú ke fakatatau ʻa e lao faka-Siú ki he ngaahi tuʻunga feliliuakí. ʻOku tapua mai mei he Talamatá ʻa e hehema ko ení ʻi he fakamatala ki mui mai: “Tuku ke nau maumauʻi ha Sāpate ʻe taha koeʻuhi ke nau lava ai ʻo fakatāpuhaaʻi ha ngaahi Sāpate lahi.”​—Yoma 85e.

Hili e mate ʻa ʻene tamai taʻumotuʻá, naʻe hoko ai ʻa Siuta Makapeo ko e taki taʻetoefakakikihiʻi ia ʻo e angatuʻú. ʻI heʻene ʻiloʻi naʻe ʻikai malava ke ne ikunaʻi hono filí ʻi ha tau fakahangatonu, naʻá ne faʻufaʻu ai ʻa e ngaahi founga foʻou, ʻo hangē ko e tau toitoi ʻi onopōní. Naʻá ne taaʻi ʻa e kau tau ʻa ʻAnitiokasí ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻa ia naʻe ʻikai ai ke nau lava ʻo hanga ki heʻenau ngaahi founga maluʻi anga-mahení. ʻI he tau ki he tau, naʻe lavameʻa ai ʻa Siuta ʻi hono ikunaʻi ʻa e kau tau naʻe tokolahi fakaʻulia ange ia ʻi haʻaná.

ʻI he fehangahangai mo e ngaahi feʻauhi fakalotofonuá pea mo e mahiki hake ʻa e mālohi ʻo Lomá, ko e kau pule ʻo e ʻEmipaea Selusitá naʻe siʻi ʻenau tokanga ki hono fakamālohiʻi ʻa e fakafepakiʻi ʻo e kau Siú. Naʻe fakaava heni ʻa e halá kia Siuta ke fakahoko ai ʻene ʻohofi ʻa e ngaahi matapā tonu ʻo Selusalemá. ʻI Tīsema 165 K.M. (pe ko e 164 K.M. nai), ko ia mo ʻene kau taú naʻa nau puke ʻa e temipalé, ʻo fakamaʻa ʻa hono ngaahi naunaú, pea toe fakatapui ia​—ko e taʻu ia ʻe tolu hili hono maumauʻí. ʻOku fakamanatu fakataʻu ʻe he kau Siú ʻa e meʻa ko ení lolotonga ʻo e Hanuká, ko e kātoanga ʻo e fakatapuí.

Māʻolunga ʻa e Politikí ʻi he Līʻoa Fakalotú

Ne aʻusia ʻa e ngaahi taumuʻa ʻo e angatuʻú. Naʻe toʻo ai ʻa e ngaahi taʻofi ʻo hono fai ʻa e lotu faka-Siú. Naʻe toe fakafoki mai ʻa e lotú mo hono fai ʻo e ngaahi feilaulau ʻi he temipalé. ʻI he fiemālie he taimi ko iá, naʻe mavahe ai ʻa e kau Hāsití mei he kau tau ʻa Siuta Makapeó ʻo foki ki honau ngaahi ʻapí. Ka naʻe ʻi ai ʻa e toe ngaahi fakakaukau kehe ʻa Siuta. Naʻá ne maʻu ha kau tau kuo akoʻi lelei, ko ia ko e hā ʻoku ʻikai ai ke ngāueʻaki ia ke fokotuʻu ha puleʻanga Siu tauʻatāiná? Ko e ngaahi ʻuhinga fakalotu ko ia naʻá ne kamata fakahoko ʻa e angatuʻú naʻe fetongi ia he taimi ko ení ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi taumuʻa fakapolitikale. Ko ia naʻe hoko atu ʻa e feingá.

ʻI he kumi ki ha poupouʻi ʻo ʻene faitau mo e pule ʻa e kau Selusitá, naʻe fai ai ʻe Siuta Makapeo ha talite mo Loma. Neongo naʻe tāmateʻi ia ʻi he tau ʻi he 160 K.M., naʻe hoko atu ʻa e taú ʻe hono fanga tokouá. Naʻe tataki ʻa e ngaahi meʻá ʻe he tokoua ʻo Siuta ko Sionatane, ko ia naʻe loto-lelei ai ʻa e kau pule Selusitá ki hono fakanofo ia ko e taulaʻeiki lahi mo e pule ʻi Siutea, neongo naʻe kei ʻi he malumalu pē ʻo ʻenau tuʻunga-pulé. ʻI hono kākaaʻi ʻo Sionatane, ʻo puke, pea tāmateʻi ko e ola ia ʻo ha faʻufaʻu ʻa Sīlia, ko hono tokoua ko Simioné​—ʻa e tokotaha fakaʻosi ʻi he kau tautehina Makapeó—naʻá ne fetongí. ʻI he malumalu ʻo e pule ʻa Simioné, naʻe toʻo ai ʻa e ngaahi toenga pule ʻa e kau Selusitá (ʻi he 141 K.M.). Naʻe fakafoʻou ʻe Simione ʻa e talite mo Lomá, pea naʻe tali ia ʻe he kau taki Siú ke hoko ko e pule mo e taulaʻeiki lahi. Ko ha haʻa tuʻi Hesimoneia tauʻatāina naʻe fokotuʻu ia ʻi he nima ʻo e kau Makapeó.

Naʻe toe fokotuʻu ʻe he kau Makapeó ʻa e lotu ʻi he temipalé ki muʻa ʻi he hoko mai ʻa e Mīsaiá. (Fakafehoanaki mo Sione 1:​41, 42; 2:​13-17) Kae hangē pē ko e maumauʻi ʻa e falala ki he tuʻunga fakataulaʻeikí ʻe he ngaahi tōʻonga ʻa e kau taulaʻeiki Fakaului faka-Kalisí, naʻe toe uesia lahi ange ia ʻi he malumalu ʻo e kau Hesimoneiá. Ko e moʻoni, ko e puleʻi ʻe he kau taulaʻeiki fakakaukau fakapolitikalé kae ʻikai ʻe ha tuʻi ʻo e laine anga-tonu ʻo Tēvitá naʻe ʻikai te ne ʻomai ha ngaahi tāpuaki moʻoni ki he kakai Siú.​—2 Samiuela 7:16; Sāme 89:​3, 4, 35, 36.

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 21]

Ko Mataiasi, ʻa e tamai ʻa Siuta Makapeó, naʻá ne kaila: ‘Ke muimui mai ʻiate au ʻa e tokotaha kotoa pē ʻoku faivelenga ki he Laó’

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā]

Mattathias appealing to the Jewish refugees/The Doré Bible Illustrations/Dover Publications