“Sihova” pe “Yahweh”?
“MEʻA NOAʻIA,” “faʻunga kehekehe,” “natula kehe.” Ko e hā naʻá ne fakatupunga ʻa e kau mataotao Fakatohitapu Hepeluú ke ngāueʻaki ha ngaahi kupuʻi lea mamafa pehē? Ko e fakakikihí pe ko e “Sihova” ko ha puʻaki totonu faka-Pilitānia ia ʻo e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá. Laka hake he taʻu ʻe teau, mo e tuʻumaʻu ʻa e fakakikihi ko ení. ʻI he ʻahó ni, ʻoku hā ngali ʻoku leleiʻia ʻa e tokolahi taha ʻo e kau mataotaó ʻi he foʻi lea silapa ua ko e “Yahweh.” Ka ko e moʻoni ʻoku mātuʻaki “natula kehe” ʻa e puʻaki “Sihová”?
ʻI he Ngaahi Tupuʻanga ʻo e Fakakikihí
Fakatatau ki he Tohitapú, naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻe he ʻOtuá tonu hono huafá ki he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. (Ekisoto 3:15) ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻi he fakamoʻoni faka-Tohitapú naʻe ngāueʻaki tauʻatāina ʻe he kau sevāniti ʻa e ʻOtuá he kuonga muʻá ʻa e huafa ko iá. (Senesi 12:8; Lute 2:4) Naʻe ʻiloʻi foki ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻe he ngaahi puleʻanga kehé. (Siosiua 2:9) Naʻe tautefito ʻene moʻoni ení hili e fetuʻutaki ʻa e kau Siu naʻa nau foki mai mei he fakaheeʻi ki Pāpiloné mo e kakai ʻo e ngaahi puleʻanga lahi. (Sāme 96:2-10; Aisea 12:4; Malakai 1:11) ʻOku pehē ʻe he The Interpreter’s Dictionary of the Bible: “ʻOku ʻi ai ʻa e fakamoʻoni mahuʻinga ʻi he vahaʻa taimi hili e fakaheeʻi ki Pāpiloné ki he 1 T.S., naʻe tohoaki ai ʻa e kau muli tokolahi ki he lotu ʻa e kau Siú.” Kae kehe, ʻi he aʻu mai ki he ʻuluaki senituli T.S., ne tupu hake ai ha tui taʻeʻuhinga fekauʻaki mo e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá. Faifai atu pē, naʻe ʻikai ngata pē ʻi hono tuku hono ngāueʻaki tauʻatāina ʻe he puleʻanga Siú ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ka naʻe aʻu ʻo taʻofi ʻe he niʻihi ia ʻa hono puʻakí. Ne mole leva ai hono puʻaki totonú—pe naʻe pehē?
Ko e Hā ʻOku ʻi ha Hingoa?
ʻI he lea faka-Hepeluú, ʻoku tohiʻi ai ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá ko e יהוח. Ko e mataʻitohi ko eni ʻe faá, ʻa ia ʻoku lau mei he toʻomataʻú ki he toʻohemá, ʻoku ui lahia ko e Tetakalamatoni. Ko e ngaahi hingoa ʻo e kakai mo e feituʻu lahi naʻe lave ki ai ʻi he Tohitapú ʻoku ʻi ai ha tuʻunga fakanounou ʻo e huafa fakaʻotuá. ʻOku ala lava ke pehē ko e ngaahi hingoa totonu ko ení ʻe lava ke nau ʻomai ha ngaahi fakalika ki he founga naʻe puʻaki ʻaki e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá?
Fakatatau kia George Buchanan, ko e palōfesa mālōlō ʻi he Wesley Theological Seminary, Washington, D.C., U.S.A., ko e talí ko e ʻio. ʻOku fakamatala ʻa Palōfesa Buchanan: “ʻI he ngaahi kuonga muʻá, ne faʻa ui ai ʻe he ngaahi mātuʻá ʻenau fānaú ki honau ngaahi ʻotuá. ʻOku ʻuhinga iá naʻa nau puʻaki ʻa e hingoa ʻo ʻenau fānaú ʻi he founga ne puʻaki ʻaki e hingoa ʻo e ʻotuá. Naʻe ngāueʻaki ʻa e Tetakalamatoni ʻi he hingoa ʻo e kakaí, pea naʻa nau ngāueʻaki maʻu pē ʻa e vauele ʻi lotomālié.”
Vakai angé ki ha ngaahi fakatātā siʻi ʻo e ngaahi hingoa totonu ʻoku maʻu he Tohitapú ʻoku kau ai ha founga fakanounou ʻo e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá. Ko Sionatane, ʻa ia ʻoku hā ko e Yoh·na·thanʹ pe Yehoh·na·thanʹ ʻi he Tohitapu Hepeluú, ʻoku ʻuhingá ko e “foaki ʻe Yaho pe Yahowah,” ko e lau ia ʻa Palōfesa Buchanan. Ko e hingoa ʻo e palōfita ko ʻIlaisiaá ko e ʼE·li·yahʹ pe ʼE·li·yaʹhu ʻi he faka-Hepeluú. Fakatatau kia Palōfesa Buchanan, ʻoku ʻuhinga ʻa e hingoá ko e: “Ko hoku ʻOtuá ko Yahoo pe Yahoo-wah.” ʻI he tuʻunga meimei tatau, ko e hingoa faka-Hepelū ki he Sihosafaté ko e Yehoh-sha·phatʹ, ko hono ʻuhingá “kuo faifakamaau ʻa Yaho.”
Ko ha puʻaki silapa ua ʻo e Tetakalamatoni ko e “Yahweh” ʻe ʻikai fakaʻatā ai ʻa e foʻi ongo ʻo e vauele o ke ʻi ai ko e konga ʻo e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá. Ka ʻi he laui tōseni ʻo e ngaahi hingoa faka-Tohitapu ʻokú ne fakatahaʻi ʻa e huafa fakaʻotuá, ko e foʻi ongo vauele ʻi lotomālie ko ení ʻoku hā ia fakatouʻosi ʻi he muʻaki ngaahi tuʻungá mo e ngaahi tuʻunga fakanounoú, hangē ko ia ʻi he Sihonatané mo e Sionatané. Ko ia ai, ʻoku pehē ʻe Palōfesa Buchanan fekauʻaki mo e huafa fakaʻotuá: “ʻOku ʻikai ha tuʻunga ʻe liʻaki ai ʻa e vauele oo pe oh. Naʻe fakanounou ʻa e foʻi leá ʻi he taimi ʻe niʻihi ko e ‘Ya,’ kae ʻikai ʻaupito ko e ‘Ya-weh.’ . . . ʻI he taimi naʻe puʻaki ai ʻa e Tetakalamatoni ʻi he silapa ʻe tahá naʻe ‘Yah’ pe ‘Yo.’ ʻI he taimi ne puʻaki ai ʻi he silapa ʻe tolú naʻe ‘Yahowah’ pe ‘Yahoowah.’ Kapau ne fakanounou ʻi ha taimi ki he silapa ʻe ua naʻe ui ia ko e ‘Yaho.’”—Biblical Archaeology Review.
Ko e ngaahi fakamatala ko ení ʻokú ne tokoniʻi kitautolu ke mahino ʻa e fakamatala naʻe fai ʻe he mataotao Hepelū ko Gesenius ʻi he senituli hono 19 ʻi heʻene Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: “Ko e faʻahinga ko ia ʻoku nau pehē ko e יְהוָֹה [Ye-ho-wah] ʻa e puʻaki moʻoni [ʻo e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá] ʻoku ʻikai ʻaupito taʻeʻiai haʻanau makatuʻunga ke taukapoʻi mei ai ʻenau fakakaukaú. ʻI he foungá ni ʻe lava ʻa e ngaahi silapa fakanounou יְהוֹ [Ye-ho] mo e יוֹ [Yo], ʻa ia ʻoku kamataʻaki ʻa e ngaahi hingoa totonu lahi, ʻo fakamatalaʻi ke toe fakafiemālie ange.”
Ka neongo ia, ʻi he talateu ki heʻene liliu ki mui ʻo e The Five Books of Moses, ʻoku pehē ai ʻe Everett Fox: “Ko e ngaahi feinga motuʻa mo foʻou fakatouʻosi ke toe maʻu mai ʻa e puʻaki ‘totonu’ ʻo e huafa faka-Hepelū [ʻo e ʻOtuá] kuo ʻikai lavameʻa; pehē pē ki he ‘Sihova’ ʻoku faʻa fanongo ki aí pehē ki hano fakamoʻoniʻi aofangatuku ʻa e tuʻunga fakaemataotao ki he ‘Yahweh.’”
ʻOku ʻikai ha veiveiua ʻe hokohoko atu ʻa e fakakikihi fakaemataotaó. Naʻe tuku hono puʻaki ʻe he kau Siú ʻa e huafa ʻo e ʻOtua moʻoní ki muʻa ke fakatupu ʻe he kau Masoletí ʻa e founga ʻo e fakaʻilonga vauelé. Ko ia, ʻoku ʻikai ha founga papau ke fakamoʻoniʻi pe ko fē e vauele ʻoku ō fakataha mo e ngaahi konisinānite YHWH (יהוה). Ka, ko e ngaahi hingoa ʻiloa tonu faka-Tohitapú—ko e puʻaki tonu ʻa ia ne ʻikai ʻaupito molé—ʻokú ne ʻomai ha fakalika mālohi ki he puʻaki motuʻa ʻo e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá. ʻI he moʻoniʻi meʻa ko ení, ʻoku tui ai ʻa e kau mataotao ʻe niʻihi, ʻoku ʻosi angé ko e puʻaki “Sihová” ʻoku ʻikai “natula kehe.”
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 31]
Kuo hoko ʻa e “Sihová” ko e puʻaki manakoa taha ia ʻo e huafa ʻo e ʻOtuá