Ko e Lavameʻa ʻa e “ʻĀpele ʻo e ʻOfá”

Mei he tokotaha-tohi ʻĀ Hake! ʻi Sipeini

KO E “ʻāpele ʻo e ʻofá” ʻi he ngaahi senituli lahi ʻi he kuohilí ko ha ʻakau mofele ia naʻe tupu ʻi he feituʻu ʻEnitesi ʻo ʻAmelika Tongá. Ko hono fanga kiʻi fuá naʻe ifo ʻaupito, ka ko e kau ʻInitia ʻo e feituʻú naʻe ʻikai te nau tō ia. Naʻe aʻu ʻi ha founga ʻa e ʻakau makehe ko ení ki Mekisikou, ʻa ia naʻe ui ai ʻe he kau ʻAsitekí ko e xitomatl. Ko e foʻi lea tomatl naʻe ʻuhinga ia ki ha ngaahi fuaʻi ʻakau lahi meimei tatau, naʻe meimei huʻohuʻa. Naʻe vave ʻa e hoko ʻa e temata sōsí, pe salsa, ko ha konga tuʻumaʻu ia ʻi he feimeʻatokoni faka-ʻAsitekí, pea naʻe kamata māmālie ai ke ʻomai ʻa e tematá ke ʻiloa fakavahaʻapuleʻanga.

Naʻe toe ʻiloʻi ʻe he kau taki Sipeiní ʻa e ifo ʻaupito ʻa e temata sōsí. ʻI he 1590, ko ha pātele Sēsuti naʻe nofo ʻi he konga lahi ʻo ʻene moʻuí ʻi Mekisikou naʻá ne pehē ai ko e tematá naʻe fakatupu moʻui lelei ʻaupito, feʻunga ki he kaí, pea fonu ʻi he huhuʻa ʻokú ne ʻai ke ifo ʻa e sōsí. Naʻe ʻave ʻe he kau Sipeiní mei Mekisikou ʻa e ngaahi tengaʻi temata ki Sipeini pea ki honau ngaahi kolonia ʻi he Kalipiané pea ʻi he ʻOtu Motu Filipainí. Ka neongo ʻa e kamata ngalingali ola lelei ko ení, naʻe laka hake ʻi he senituli ʻe tolu ki muʻa pea toki ngāueʻaki ʻa e tematá ʻi he ngaahi feimeʻatokoni ʻa e māmaní.

Ikuʻi ha Ongoongo ʻIkai Lelei

Ko e tomuʻa fehiʻa ki he founga kukí—ʻo hangē pē ko ha toe meʻa—ʻe lava ke faingataʻa ke ikuʻi. Neongo ʻa e ongoongo-lelei ʻo e tematá ʻi Mekisikoú, naʻe vave ʻa ʻene maʻu ha hingoa ongoongo kovi ʻi ʻIulope. Naʻe kamata ʻa e palopalemá ʻi he taimi naʻe fakakalasi ai ʻe he kau ako ki he ʻakaú ʻi ʻIulopé ʻa e tematá ko ha mēmipa ia ʻo e fāmili Solanaceae—ko e fāmili tatau mo e ʻakau kona ko e belladona, pe ko e nightshade fakatupu maté. Tuku kehe ia, ʻoku ʻomai ʻe hono laú ha nanamu mālohi, pea naʻe fakamoʻoniʻi ʻoku kona. Ke toe fihi ange ʻa e ngaahi meʻá, naʻe taukaveʻi ʻe he kau faitoʻo louʻakau ʻe niʻihi ʻoku maʻu ʻe he tematá ʻa e ngaahi mālohi ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻa e holi fakaefehokotaki fakasinó. ʻOku tui ʻa e niʻihi ko e ʻuhinga eni naʻe ui ai ia ʻe he kau Falaniseé ko e pomme d’amour, pe ko e “ʻāpele ʻo e ʻofá.”

Ko e ngaahi tafaʻaki ʻikai lelei ʻo e ongoongo ʻo e tematá naʻe toe mafola atu ia ki ʻAmelika Tokelau. ʻI he konga ki mui ʻo e 1820 tupú, naʻe fakahaaʻi ai ʻe ha tokotaha ngoue ʻAmelika mei Massachusetts: “Naʻe hā mātuʻaki palakū ʻa e [tematá] ʻou fakakaukau ai ko haʻaku toki fiekaia ʻaupito pē ʻe toki ueʻi ai au ke u ʻahiʻahiʻi iá.” Naʻe ʻikai ko ia pē naʻe veiveiua fekauʻaki mo e tematá. Naʻe ui ia ʻe he tokotaha Pennsylvania ko e “veve mahi,” pea naʻe fakamatalaʻi ʻe ha tokotaha-ngoue Pilitānia ʻi he taimi tatau ʻa e fuʻu tematá “ko e ʻāpele koula namukū.”

ʻOku fakafiefiá, ko e kau ʻĪtalí, ʻa ia ʻi he senituli hono 16 naʻa nau ui ʻa e tematá ko e pomodoro (ʻāpele koulá), naʻa nau hehema ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e meʻá.a ʻI he aʻu mai ki he konga ki muʻa ʻo e senituli hono 17, ne hoko ai ʻa e tematá ko ha meʻakai manakoa ʻi ʻĪtali, ʻa ia naʻe lelei ai ʻa e ʻea laʻalaʻaá ki hono toó. Ka ʻi he meimei senituli ʻe ua, ko e kau ngoue ʻi he tokelau ʻo ʻIulopé naʻa nau kei veiveiua pē, pea naʻa nau tō pē ʻa e tematá ko ha teuteu pe ko ha ʻakau faitoʻo.

Mei he Tomuʻa Fehiʻá ki he Tuʻunga Manakoa

Kae kehe, ʻi he kamata pē ke ʻahiʻahiʻi ʻe he kakaí ʻa e tematá, naʻe mole leva ʻa e ngaahi veiveiua ki muʻá, pea naʻe tupu ʻāfaʻafa ai ʻa hono tō ʻo e tematá. ʻI he aʻu mai ki he 1870 tupú, naʻe lava ai ke fakatau atu ʻa e ngaahi temata foʻou Kalefōniá ʻi Niu ʻIoke, koeʻuhi ko e halanga lēlue fakavahaʻa konitinēnití. ʻI ha ngaahi hongofuluʻi taʻu siʻi ki muʻa ai, naʻe fakaava ai ʻa e ʻuluaki ngaohiʻanga pisa ʻi Naples, ʻĪtali, pea naʻe fiemaʻu lahi ai ʻa e tematá. Pea ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e senituli hono 20, ko ha fakautuutu ʻo hono fiemaʻu ʻa e supo tematá, huhuʻa, soosi, mo e huhuaʻi tematá—ʻo tānaki atu ia ki he pisa manakoá—naʻá ne liliuʻi ai ʻa e temata naʻe fehiʻanekinaʻi lahí ki he fuaʻi ʻakau manakoa taha ʻi he māmaní. (Sio ki he puha ʻoku fakakau hení.) Tuku kehe ʻene lavameʻa ʻi he kau tō fakakomēsialé, kuo toe hoko ʻa e tematá ʻo manakoa ʻe he kau ngoué—mei he ngaahi toafa ʻo e Hahake Lotolotó ki he Tahi Tokelau ʻaluʻanga matangí.

Mei Sainai ki ha Keliʻanga Lolo

Ko ha keliʻanga lolo naʻe tuʻu ʻi he loto-mālie ʻo e Tahi Tokelaú ʻe ʻikai nai hā ko ha feituʻu totonu ia ke tō ai ʻa e ngaahi fuaʻi ʻakaú mo e vesitapoló, ka ko e tematá ʻoku ʻikai ko ha ʻakau ia ʻoku fiemaʻu ke tokangaʻi lahi. ʻI hono ʻoange ki ai ha vai feʻunga mo ha milemila pelesitiki kuo ngaohi ʻo fakafeʻunga ki ai ʻo ʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fafanga kotoa ʻoku fiemaʻú, ʻe lava ke tupu ʻāfaʻafa ai hono ngaahi tengá ʻo taʻeʻiai ha kelekele. Ko ia ai, naʻe lavameʻa ʻa e tematá ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e kau keli loló, ʻa ia ʻoku nau saiʻia ʻi he sio ki ha lanu mata ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e ngaahi paipa mo e ngaahi mīsini ko e meʻa mate ʻi heʻenau keliʻanga loló pea pehē ki hono maʻu ha fuaʻi ʻakau ʻoku tupu ʻi ʻapi ke fakaifo ʻaki ʻenau meʻakaí.

ʻI hano tokangaʻi siʻisiʻi, ʻoku lava ke toe maʻu ʻa e tematá mei he kelekele ʻo e toafá. ʻI heʻene mofele holo ʻi he ʻotu moʻunga Sainaí, ʻi ʻIsipite, kuo keli ai ʻe he kau ʻAlepea Jabaliyyah ʻa e ngaahi ngoue fakasitepu ʻa ia ʻoku fuʻifuʻi ia ʻe he ngaahi tufu, ngaahi vaitupu, pea mo e tō ʻi he taimi ki he taimi ʻa e ʻuhá. Ko ʻenau ngaahi ngoue fakaviviku tokangaʻi leleí naʻe tupu ai ha ngaahi fuʻu foʻi temata fōlahi anga-kehe, ʻa ia ʻoku nau fakamōmoa ia ʻi he laʻaá koeʻuhi ke nau maʻu temata ai ʻi he kotoa ʻo e faʻahitaʻu momokó.

Kae kehe, ko e meimei manakoa fakalūkufua ʻa e tematá, ʻoku fakatuʻunga lahi ia ʻi heʻene malava ke feʻunuʻaki ki he ngaahi kelekelé mo e anga kehekehe ʻo e ʻeá. Ko e lahi taha ʻo e ʻulu tematá ʻoku nau fakafua pē ʻia kinautolu, ko ia ai, ʻoku lavangofua ke faʻu ha kalasi kehekehe ʻo fakatatau ki he ngaahi manako kehekehe. ʻOku ʻi ai he taimí ni ʻa e kalasi kehekehe nai ʻe 4,000 ki he kau ngoué ke nau fili mei ai. Ko e temata seli huʻohuʻa fuoīkí ʻokú ne tānaki atu ʻa e lanu mo e fakaifo ki he ngaahi sālatí, lolotonga ia ko e temata palamu melié ʻoku faʻa ngaohi ia ʻo faʻo kapa. Pea ko e ngaahi fuʻu foʻi temata pulu-siteikí, ko ha meʻakai tuʻumaʻu ia ʻi he ngaahi peito Sipeiní, ʻoku lelei ia fakatouʻosi ki he sālatí mo e kukí.

Ka ko e moʻoni ko hono ifó, ʻa e meʻa ʻokú ne ʻoange fakaʻosi ki he tematá ʻa ʻene lavameʻá—ko ha ifo fakatupu hafu-fāvai ʻa ia ʻoku lava ke ne teuteuʻi ha pisa, teuteuʻi ha sālati, fakaifo ha soosi, pe fakaifo ha huhuʻa. Neongo naʻe ʻikai fakamoʻoniʻi ia ko ha “ʻāpele ʻo e ʻofá,” ko e māmaní fakakātoa ʻoku nau manako he taimí ni ʻi he tematá.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 30]

Gazpacho—Ko ha Ifo Fakaivifoʻou ʻo e Tematá

Te ke saiʻia ke ʻahiʻahiʻi ha supo momoko fakaivifoʻou ʻa ia ʻoku lelei ki he ngaahi ʻaho vela he taimi māfaná? ʻI he feituʻu Andalusian ʻo Sipeiní, ʻoku meimei ngāueʻaki fakaʻaho ai ʻa e gazpacho ʻi he houa kai tefitó. ʻOku faingofua hono teuteuʻí, fiemaʻu ki ai ʻa e fanga kiʻi meʻa faingofua, pea te ne ʻai ke kamata ai ʻe he fāmilí ha houa kai fakatupu moʻui lelei mo ifo. Ko ha founga ngaohi kai tuʻumaʻu faka-Sipeini eni ki he kakai ʻe toko nima.

Ngaahi Meʻa ʻOku Fiemaʻú

temata momoho kalami ʻe 600

kiukamipā kalami ʻe 350

polo kulokula melie kalami ʻe 250

konga mā ʻe ua (kalami ʻe 60)

vinika mililita ʻe 30

lolo ʻōlive mililita ʻe 30

māsima

foʻi kāliki ʻe 1

kiʻi meʻi kūmino

Teuteú Toʻo e tenga ʻo e poló, tele ʻa e kiukamipaá, pea fohi mo e tematá. Hifi iiki leva ʻa e ʻū meʻa ko iá. ʻAi ia ki ha poulu fakataha mo e vai lita ʻe taha (feʻunga pē ke ne ʻufiʻufi ʻa e vesitapoló), fakataha mo e maá, kālikí, māsimá mo e meʻi kūminó, viniká, mo e loló. Tuku ai ʻa e supó ʻi ha pō kakato, pea ʻi he ʻaho hoko maí laiki leva ʻaki ha pelenitā pea sivi ia. Kapau ʻe fiemaʻu, tānaki atu ki ai ha meʻi māsima mo e kūmino lahi ange ʻo fakatatau ki he ifo ʻoku fiemaʻú. Tuku ʻa e gazpacho ʻi he ʻaisí kae ʻoua kuo maau ke ngāueʻaki. ʻE lava ke ʻalu fakataha ʻa e gazpacho mo e ngaahi konga temata lelei kuo ʻosi hifi, kiukamipā, mo e polo melie.

[Puha ʻi he peesi 31]

Ko e Ngaahi Moʻoniʻi Meʻá pea mo e Lahi ʻo e Tematá

Kuo hoko ʻa e tematá ko e fuaʻi ʻakau manakoa taha ia he māmaní. Ko e meimei toni ʻe 100 ʻoku toli fakataʻú, ʻo lahi ange ia ʻi he ngaahi fuaʻi ʻakau lahi kehe ʻo e māmaní (ʻāpele, siaine, kālepi, mo e molí).

Neongo ko e tematá ʻoku ui ia he taimi ʻe niʻihi ko ha vesitapolo, ʻi he tuʻunga fakaeʻakaú ko ha fuaʻi ʻakau ia, he ko e konga ʻo e ʻakaú ʻoku kaí ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e tengá (ʻi he fakalūkufuá ko e vesitapoló ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e konga ʻoku kaí ʻa hono vaʻá, laú, mo e aká).

Fakatatau ki he The Guinness Book of Records, ko e foʻi temata fuolahi taha ʻi he lēkōtí ko hono mamafá naʻe kilo ʻe 3.5 pea naʻe tupu ia ʻi Oklahoma, U.S.A.

Ko e ifi tapaka ofi ki he ʻakaú pe ki muʻa ke ngāue ki aí ʻe lava ke fakatupu maumau ia ki he ʻakaú. ʻOku ʻave holo ʻe he tapaká ha vailasi ʻa ia ʻoku kovi ia ki he fuʻu tematá.

Tuku kehe mei he ʻi ai ʻa e vaitamini A mo e C, ʻoku lahi ʻi he tematá ʻa e lycopene, ko ha meʻa fakafepaki ki hono toʻo ʻa e haitolokená. ʻOku pehē ʻe he ngaahi fakatotolo ako ʻe niʻihi ʻe tokoni nai ha meʻakai ʻoku lahi ai ʻa e tematá ki hono fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa hono maʻu ʻe he kanisaá.