Vakai ki he Māmaní
Ngaahi Malanga Tuʻuaki Fakatau
“Ko e kau vika ongosia lahi, ʻa ia ʻoku nau fāinga ʻi heʻenau ngaahi malangá kuo tali ʻenau ngaahi lotú: kuo fokotuʻu ha tuʻuʻanga uepi foʻou ʻoku tuʻuaki ai ʻa e ngaahi malanga ki ha faʻahinga meʻa pē ʻoku fai, ʻe ha tokotaha taʻemaʻu lakanga ʻo e Siasi ʻIngilaní,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa e Daily Telegraph ʻo Lonitoní. Ko e tokotaha fokotuʻu uepí, ko Bob Austin ʻokú ne pehē: “ʻOku hoko ʻo femoʻuekina mo toe femoʻuekina ange ʻa e kau malangá ʻi he ngaahi ʻahó ni pea ʻoku hehema ke tōlalo ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e ngaahi malangá.” ʻOkú ne taukaveʻi te ne ʻomai ʻa e “ngaahi malanga lelei kuo ʻosi faʻu,” ʻa ia ʻoku “fakatupu-fakakaukau, fakaueʻiloto mo fakaeako.” ʻOku fakahokohoko ki muí ni ʻe he tuʻuʻangá “ʻa e ngaahi malanga laka hake he 50 kuo ʻosi ‘ʻahiʻahiʻi ʻi he tuʻunga-malangá’ ʻokú ne kāpui ʻa e ngaahi konga tohi mo e ngaahi kaveinga Fakatohitapu,” ka ʻoku fakaʻehiʻehi ʻaupito ia mei he ngaahi fakakaukau tōtuʻa pe fakatokāteline fakatupunga fakakikihí, ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e nusipepá. Kuo fakamatalaʻi ia ko ha “malanga mahinongofua ki he fakatahaʻangá miniti ʻe 10 ki he 12,” ʻoku US$13 ki he taha.
Taimi ke Fufulu Ai Ho Nifó
Ko hono fufulu ho nifó ʻi he hili pē hano inu ʻo e ngaahi inu mahí pe ko hono kai ʻa e meʻakai ʻoku mahí ʻe lava ke ne maumauʻi ʻa e kofu tuʻa ʻo e nifó, ko e lau ia ʻa e nusipepa Milenio ʻo e Kolo Mekisikoú. ʻI he fakamatala ki ha ako naʻe fai ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti Siamane ko Göttingen, ʻoku fakatokanga ai ʻa e nusipepá ʻo pehē ko e meʻakai mahí “ʻokú ne fakavaivaiʻi fakataimi ʻa e kofu tuʻa ʻo e foʻi nifó.” Ko ia ai, ko hono fufulu hoto nifó ʻi he hili pē ʻa e kai hoʻataá ʻe lava ke hoko ia ʻo fakatupu maumau. ʻI hono kehé, “ʻoku feʻungamālie ke tatali ʻi ha ngaahi miniti siʻi koeʻuhi ke toe maʻu ʻe he nifó ʻa hono mālohí.”
Maʻunimā Tōmuʻa ʻe he Nikotiní
“Ko e ʻuluaki puhi ʻo ha foʻi sikaletí ʻe lava feʻunga ia ke ne fakatupunga ke maʻunimā ha kiʻi talavou taʻu hongofulu tupu,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa e nusipepa National Post ʻa Kānatá. “Ko e ngaahi ola mahuʻinga ʻo e fakatotoló ʻoku fepaki ia mo e tui lahi fekauʻaki mo e maʻunimā ʻe he nikotiní ʻo pehē ko ha meʻa ia ʻoku toki maʻu māmālie ʻa ia ʻoku toki hoko ʻi he hili ha ngaahi taʻu ʻo e ifi lahí.” ʻI ha fakatotolo ki he kau taʻu hongofulu tupu ʻe toko 1,200 fakafuofua ki he vahaʻa taimi ko e taʻu ʻe onó, naʻe ʻiloʻi ai ʻe he kau fakatotoló ko e “maʻunimā fakaesinó ko ha foʻi mālohi fefeka ange ia ʻi he tenge ʻa e toʻumeʻá, naʻa mo e ʻi he lotolotonga ʻo e faʻahinga kuo tātātaha ʻenau ifí,” ko e lau ia ʻa e pepá. Fakatatau ki he fakatotoló, “ko e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e fakafalala ki he nikotiní ʻoku hā ia ʻi he tokolahi ʻo e kau ngāueʻaki kei siʻi ʻo e tapaká ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e ʻuluaki fetaulaki mo e nikotiní pea mo e kamata ʻo e ifi fakaʻahó.” ʻOku pehē ʻe he kau fakatotoló ko e ngaahi feingangāue ʻo e fakafepakiʻi ʻa e ifí ʻoku totonu ke feʻunuʻaki ia ʻo ʻikai ngata pē ke tokoniʻi ʻa e toʻutupú ke nau talitekeʻi ʻa e tenge ke ifí kae toe pehē foki ke tokoniʻi ʻa e faʻahinga kuo nau ifí ke nau ikuʻi ʻa e fakafalala ki he nikotiní.
ʻOku Kovi kia Koe ʻa e ʻItá
Fakatatau ki he lau ʻa Valentina D’Urso, ko ha faiako ki he saienisi ʻo e ʻatamaí ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti Padua ʻi ʻĪtalí, “ko e ʻitá ko ha foʻi moʻoni fakautuutu ia ʻi hotau sōsaietí, ka ʻokú ne fakatupu ʻa e ngaahi ola kovi ki he sinó.” ʻOku fefeka ʻa e uouá, vave ʻa e tā ʻo e mafú mo e mānavá, pea ʻoku aʻu ai ʻa e sinó ki ha tuʻunga mafasia. ʻOku toe lava ʻe he ʻitá ke taʻofi ʻa e malava ʻa ha tokotaha ke fakaʻuhingá pea ʻe lava ke ne fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa ʻene mapuleʻi ʻene ngaahi tōʻongá. “Mateuteu ke tomuʻa ʻiloʻi ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻe ʻai ai koe ke ke ʻitá . . . Tau lea mokomoko he taimi pē ko iá ‘ʻoku ʻikai te u loto-tatau mo ia,’ pea ʻe lelei ʻaupito ange ai ʻetau moʻuí,” ko e fokotuʻu ia ʻa D’Urso.
Fasí mo e Fakaaoaó
Ko e kau fakatotolo mei he ʻUnivēsiti ʻo e Vahefonua Iowa pea mo e Potungāue Tekisisi ki he Ngaahi Ngāue ʻa e Tangatá (U.S.A.) naʻa nau ngāueʻaki ha ngaahi ʻahiʻahi hokohoko ʻe nima fekauʻaki mo e kau ako kolisi laka hake he toko 500, ʻi ha feinga ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e ngaahi nunuʻa ʻo e ngaahi hiva fakamālohí. Hili haʻanau fanongo ki ha ngaahi hiva fakamālohi mo e ngaahi hiva ʻikai fakamālohi naʻe hivaʻi kotoa ʻe ha tokotaha hiva tatau, naʻe fai ai ha ngaahi sivi ʻo e kau akó ʻa ia naʻe faʻufaʻu ke fakapapauʻi ai ʻa e lēvolo ʻo e ngaahi ongoʻi fakaaoao ʻa e kau akó. Ko e fakatotoló, ʻi hono pulusi ʻe he Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, naʻe fakaʻosiʻaki ai ko e ngaahi hiva fakamālohí ʻoku lava ke ne fakalahi ʻa e ngaahi ongoʻi fakafilí mo e ngaahi fakakaukau fakaaoaó ʻo ʻikai ʻi hano fakaʻitaʻi. “Ko ha fakamulituku tefito ʻe taha mei heni mo e fakatotolo kehe fekauʻaki mo e mītia fakafiefia fakamālohí ʻoku pehē ai ʻoku kaunga ki ai ʻa e ngaahi lea ʻo e hivá,” ko e lau ia ʻa ha taki fakatotolo ko Craig Anderson. “Ko e pōpoakí ni ʻoku mahuʻinga ia ki he kau konisiumá kotoa, kae tautefito ki he ngaahi mātuʻa ʻa e fānaú mo e kau taʻu hongofulu tupú,” ko e lau ia ʻa Anderson.
Ko ha Fakatamaki Lahi ki he Moʻuí ʻi Māmani Kātoa
ʻOku tūʻulu ʻa e māmaní ki he “taha ʻo e ngaahi fakatamaki lahi taha ki he moʻuí” kuo faifai ange pea mātaá, koeʻuhi ko ha tupulekina lahi fakaʻulia ʻi he mahaki suká, ko e fakatokanga ia ʻa e Palōfesa Pilitānia ko Sir George Alberti, ko e palesiteni ʻo e Kautaha Suka Fakavahaʻapuleʻangá (IDF). Fakatatau ki he ngaahi fika ʻa e IDF, ko e kakai laka hake he toko 300 milioná ʻi māmani lahi ʻoku ʻikai lava ke veteki ʻa e suka ʻi honau sinó, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa iku ai ki he mahaki suká, ko e līpooti ia ʻa e nusipepa Guardian ʻa Pilitāniá. Ko e suka kalasi 2, ʻa ia naʻá ne uesia ʻi ha taimi ʻa e meimei kakai taʻumotuʻá, ʻokú ne uesia he taimí ni ʻa e moʻui ʻa e toʻutupu ʻo Pilitānia ʻa ia kuo nau hoko ʻo sisino koeʻuhi ko ha kai ʻo e meʻakai-vevé mo e siʻi ʻo e fakamālohisinó. “Ko e meʻa fakamamahi lahi fakaʻuliá he ko e lahi taha ʻo e [suká mo hono ngaahi nunuʻa] ko ení ʻoku ala taʻofi ia fakafou ʻi he sīpinga moʻuí,” ko e lau ia ʻa Alberti. Ko e ngaahi fonua langalanga haké ʻoku nau toe sio ki he mahiki fakautuutu ʻa e suká ʻi heʻenau tali “ʻa e meʻakai ʻikai fakatupu moʻui leleí mo e sīpinga moʻui fakakolo lahi ʻa e māmani tuʻumālié,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e Guardian.
Ala Fakaʻehiʻehi mei he Pihia he Hepataitisí
Ko e lahi taha ʻo e “pihia he hepataitisí ko e tupu ia mei he ʻikai ha haisini ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻa e kau ngāue fakafaitoʻó,” ko e lau ia ʻa e Polityka fakauike ʻa Pōlaní. ʻI he 1997 naʻe līpooti ai ʻe he Akoʻanga Fakafonua ʻo e Haisini ʻi Pōlaní ʻa e ngaahi pihia he hepataitisi C ʻe 992, ka ʻi he taʻu ʻe nima ki mui aí naʻe 1,892 ʻa e fiká. ʻOku fakahaaʻi mamahi ʻi he kupú ʻa e ʻikai ʻi ai ki muí ni ha faitoʻo kuo fakaʻatā ke taʻofiʻaki ʻa e hepataitisi C. Ko Palōfesa Andrzej Gładysz, ko ha tokotaha faleʻi fakafonua ki he ngaahi mahaki pipihí, ʻokú ne pehē: “ʻOku ʻikai ko ha fakalahi ia ke pehē ʻoku mau maʻu ʻi Pōlani ʻa e kakai ʻe toko 500,000 ki he toko 600,000 ʻoku nau pihia he vailasi hepataitisi C.” Pea ko e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi pihia ko ení ʻoku “hoko ia ʻi he ngaahi ʻōfisi ʻo e kau toketaá pe ko e kau toketā nifó,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa Jacek Juszczyk ʻo e Kilīniki ki he Ngaahi Mahaki Pipihí ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti Fakafaitoʻo ʻi Poznan. ʻOku fakaʻosiʻaki ʻe he Polityka: “ʻI he taimi ʻoku tau ʻi ha nima ai ʻo ha toketaá, te tau saiʻia ke fakapapauʻi ko e ongo nima ko iá ʻoku maʻa ʻaupito.”
Tauhi Hoʻo Hifiʻanga Meʻá ke Maʻa!
Ko fē ʻoku malu angé—ko ha hifiʻanga meʻa papa pe pelesitiki? “ʻOku lelei ha faʻahinga hifiʻanga meʻa pē, kehe pē ʻokú ke tauhi ia ke maʻa ʻaupito,” ko e lau ia ʻa e UC Berkeley Wellness Letter. “Pe ʻokú ke ngāueʻaki ha papa pe pelesitiki ki hono hifi ʻo e kakanoʻi manu matá pe ko e moá, olo fakaʻāuliliki ʻa e papá ʻi he hili iá ʻaki ʻa e vai koa mafana.” Kapau ʻoku makohikohi lalahi ʻa e papá pe ʻoku ngakongako, tokanga lahi ke ʻai ia ke maʻa fakaʻaufuli. “ʻE lava foki ke ke toʻo ʻa e siemú mei ha papa ʻi hono vaimaʻa ʻaki ha huhuʻa fakahinehina vala (huhuʻa fakahinehina vala mililita ʻe 5 ki he vai lita ʻe taha),” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e Wellness Letter. ʻOku totonu ke pehē foki hono fufulu fakaʻāuliliki pea ʻai ke mātuʻu ʻa e nimá pea mo e ʻū helé.