Ko e Hā ʻOku Hoko ki he Ngaahi Siasí?
KO E kau ʻAmelika Latiná, mei Mekisikou ʻi he tokelaú ki Sili ʻi he tongá, ʻoku meimei tatau ʻenau anga fakafonuá ʻi he ngaahi tafaʻaki lahi. Ko e kau ʻAmelika Latina taʻumotuʻa angé ʻoku lava ke nau manatuʻi ʻa e taimi ʻa ia naʻe taha pē ai ʻa e lotu tefitó, ko e Katolika Lomá. ʻI he senituli hono 16, naʻe fakamālohiʻi ai ʻe he kau tau Sipeini ikuná ke ʻoua naʻa toe ʻi ai ha lotu kehe. ʻI Pelēsila ko e mafai fakakolonia aí ko Potukali ʻa ia naʻe Katolika Loma. Naʻe feʻunga mo e taʻu ʻe 400 hono poupouʻi ʻe he Siasi Katoliká ʻa e ngaahi puleʻanga naʻe maʻu mafaí ʻo maʻu mei ai ʻa e tokoni fakaʻekonōmika, pea hoko ai ʻa e Siasí ʻo ʻiloa ko e lotu fakapuleʻangá ia.
Kae kehe, ʻi he 1960 tupú, naʻe ʻiloʻi ai ʻe he kau pātele Katolika ʻe niʻihi ko hono poupouʻi ʻa e faʻahinga naʻe pulé naʻe taki atu ai ki he mole ʻa e poupou ʻa e tokolahi taha ʻo e kakaí. Naʻa nau kamata ai ha feingangāue ke tokoniʻi ʻa e masivá, tautefito ʻi hono pouaki ʻa e meʻa naʻe ʻiloa ko e teolosia tauʻatāina. Naʻe kamata ʻa e ngaʻunu ko iá ʻi ʻAmelika Latina ko ha fakahāloto fekauʻaki mo e masivá ʻa ia ko e tuʻunga ia naʻe ʻi ai ʻa e moʻui ʻa e fuʻu kau Katolika tokolahi.
Neongo ʻa e ngaahi feinga ʻa e haʻa faifekaú ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakapolitiki manakoá, kuo tafoki ʻa e laui miliona mei he tui Katoliká ke vakaiʻi ʻa e ngaahi siasi kehé. Ko e ngaahi lotu ʻoku nau fai ʻa e ngaahi ouau lotu ʻoku kau ki ai ʻa e pasi mo e hiva himi faivelenga, pe meimei tatau hono ʻatimosifiá mo ha koniseti rock kuo vave ʻene tupulakí mo ʻene tokolahí. “Ko e ngaʻunu fakaʻevangeliō ʻi ʻAmelika Latiná ʻoku vahevahe ia ki he ngaahi Siasi māvahevahe lahi taʻefaʻalaua,” ko e lau ia ʻa Duncan Green, ʻi heʻene tohi ko e Faces of Latin America. “ʻOku faʻa tupu eni ʻi he ngāue ʻa ha faifekau pē ʻe toko taha. ʻI heʻene tupulaki ha fakatahaʻangá, ʻe toutou mapakipaki ia ki he ngaahi Siasi foʻou.”
Sītuʻa ʻa ʻIulope mei he Ngaahi Siasí
Kuo laka hake he taʻu ʻe 1,600, ʻa hono puleʻi ʻa e konga lahi taha ʻo ʻIulopé ʻe he ngaahi puleʻanga naʻa nau taukaveʻi ʻoku nau Kalisitiane. ʻOku lakalakaimonū he taimí ni ʻa e lotú ʻi ʻIulope ʻi heʻetau laka atu ki he senituli hono 21? ʻI he 2002 naʻe pehē ai ʻe he sōsiolosia ko Steve Bruce, ʻi heʻene tohi ko e God is Dead—Secularization in the West, ʻo fekauʻaki mo Pilitānia: “ʻI he senituli hono 19 naʻe kātoangaʻi fakalotu ai ʻa e meimei mali kotoa pē.” Kae kehe, ʻi he aʻu mai ki he 1971, ko e peseti pē ʻe 60 ʻo e ngaahi mali Pilitāniá naʻe kātoangaʻi fakalotú. ʻI he 2000 naʻe peseti pē ʻe 31.
ʻI he fakamatala ki he hehema ko ení, ko e faiongoongo ki he lotú ʻa e Daily Telegraph ʻa Lonitoní naʻá ne tohi: “Ko e ngaahi lotu tefitó kotoa, mei he Siasi ʻIngilaní mo e Katolika Lomá ki he Metotisí mo e Ngaahi Siasi Fakalelei Fāʻūtahá, ʻoku nau tofanga ʻi ha hōloa taimi lōloa.” Naʻá ne pehē fekauʻaki mo e līpooti ʻe taha: “Ko e ngaahi Siasi ʻi Pilitāniá te nau tūʻulu atu ki heʻene ngata ʻosi ʻi he taʻu 2040 fakataha mo e peseti pē ʻe ua ʻo e kakaí te nau maʻu ʻa e ngaahi ouau fakalotu he Sāpaté.” Kuo fai ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala meimei tatau fekauʻaki mo e lotú ʻi Netaleni.
“ʻI he ngaahi hongofuluʻi taʻu ki mui ní, ʻoku hā ai kuo fakapapauʻi ʻe homau fonuá ke toe fakamāmani ange,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻi ha līpooti ʻa e ʻŌfisi Palani Sōsiale mo e Anga Fakafonua Hōlaní. “ʻOku ʻamanekina ʻi he aʻu ki he 2020, ko e 72% ʻo e kakaí heʻikai ʻaupito haʻanau toe feohi fakalotu.” ʻOku pehē ʻe ha maʻuʻanga ongoongo Siamane: “ʻOku hanga ʻa e tokolahi fakautuutu ʻo e kau Siamané ki he tōʻonga fakafaimaná mo e tōʻonga fakamēsikí ke ne ʻomai ʻa e fakafiemālie naʻa nau maʻu ki muʻa ʻi he ngaahi siasí, ngaahi ngāué mo e fāmilí. . . . Ko e ngaahi siasí ʻi he fonuá kotoa kuo tāpuni ia ʻi he ʻikai ha ngaahi fakatahaʻangá.”
Ko e faʻahinga ʻoku kei ō ki he lotú ʻi ʻIulopé ʻoku ʻikai te nau faʻa ō ki aí ke ʻiloʻi ʻa e meʻa ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻe he ʻOtuá meia kinautolú. ʻOku pehē ʻe ha līpooti ʻe taha mei ʻĪtali: “ʻOku feʻunuʻaki ʻe he kau ʻĪtalí ʻenau lotú ke feʻunga mo ʻenau founga moʻuí.” ʻOku pehē ʻe ha sōsiolosia ʻe taha mei ai: “ʻOku mau tali mei he lea ʻa e tuʻitapú ʻa e meʻa pē ʻoku mau saiʻia aí.” ʻOku lava nai ke leaʻaki ʻa e meʻa tatau fekauʻaki mo e kau Katolika ʻi Sipeiní, ʻa ia kuo nau fetongi ʻa e faivelenga fakalotú ʻaki ʻa hono maʻu lahi ʻo e koloá mo e fekumi ki ha tuʻunga lelei fakaʻekonōmika—he taimí ni pē.
Ko e ngaahi hehema ko ení ʻoku tuʻu fehangahangai lahi ia mo e lotu faka-Kalisitiane naʻe akoʻi mo ngāueʻaki ʻe Kalaisi mo hono kau muimuí. Naʻe ʻikai tuʻuaki mai ʻe Sīsū ia ha lotu “fale kai” pe “pafei,” ʻa ia ʻokú ke toli mo fili ai ʻa e meʻa ʻokú ke saiʻia aí pea siʻaki ʻa e meʻa ʻoku ʻikai te ke saiʻia aí. Naʻá ne pehē: “Kabau e muimui ha taha kiate au, tuku ke jiaki ia eia, bea too hake ene akau māfajia i he aho kotoabe, bea muimui iate au.” Naʻe akoʻi ʻe Sīsū ki he kakaí ko e founga moʻui faka-Kalisitiané ko e taha ia ʻoku fai ai ʻa e feilaulau mo e feinga.—Luke 9:23, PM.
Fakamāketiʻi ʻa e Lotú ʻi ʻAmelika Tokelau
ʻI he ʻikai tatau mo e tuʻunga ʻi Kānatá—ʻa ia ʻoku fakamatala ai ʻa e kau faiʻanalaisó, ʻoku hehema ʻa e kakaí ke veiveiua fekauʻaki mo e lotú—ko e hehema ʻi ʻAmeliká ke vakai fakamātoato ʻa e kakaí ki he ngaahi meʻa fakalotú. Fakatatau ki ha ngaahi kautaha lalahi ʻi he fakatotolo ki he fakakaukaú, ko e peseti kakato nai ʻe 40 ʻo e kakai naʻe fai ki ai ʻa e saveá ne nau taukaveʻi ʻoku nau ʻalu ki he lotú ʻi he uike kotoa pē, neongo ko hono lau ʻa e tokolahí ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ko e fika moʻoní ʻoku ofi ange ia ki he peseti ʻe 20. Laka hake he peseti ʻe 60 ʻoku nau pehē ʻoku nau tui ko e Tohi Tapú ko e Folofola ia ʻa e ʻOtuá. Kae kehe, ko ʻenau faivelenga ki ha siasi paú ʻoku lava ke ʻi ha taimi nounou pē. Ko e kau maʻu lotu tokolahi ʻi ʻAmeliká ʻoku faingofua ʻenau liliu ʻenau ngaahi lotú. Kapau ʻoku mole mei ha faifekau ʻa hono tuʻunga manakoá pe manakoekiná, ʻe vave ʻa e lava ke mole ʻa ʻene fakatahaʻangá—pea faʻa hoko foki ai ʻo mole ʻa e paʻanga hū mai lelei!
ʻOku ako ʻe he ngaahi siasi ʻe niʻihi ʻa e ngaahi founga fakapisinisí ke nau ʻiloʻi ai ʻa e founga ke “fakamāketiʻi” lelei ange ai ʻenau ngaahi ouau fakalotú. ʻOku totongi ʻe he ngaahi fakatahaʻangá ʻa e paʻanga ʻe laui afe ki he ngaahi kautaha faleʻi lotu. “Ko ha ʻinivesi lahi ia,” ko e lau ia ʻa ha faifekau ʻokú ne ʻi ha tuʻunga fiemālie, fakatatau ki ha līpooti fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi kautaha peheé. Ko e ngaahi fuʻu siasi lalahi, ʻa ia ʻoku laui afe ʻa e tokolahi ʻo hono kau mēmipa ʻi he fakatahaʻangá, ʻoku nau mātuʻaki lavameʻa fakapaʻanga ʻo nau tohoakiʻi ai ʻa e tokanga ʻa e ngaahi pisinisi pulusi tohí, hangē ko e Wall Street Journal mo e Economist. ʻOku līpooti heni ʻo pehē ko e ngaahi fuʻu siasi lalahí ʻoku nau tuʻuaki anga-maheni ʻa e “‘feituʻu pē ʻe taha ki hono tokangaʻi’ ʻo e meʻa fakaesinó mo e fakalaumālié.” Ko e ngaahi ʻotu fale ʻo e siasí ʻoku kau nai ki ai ʻa e ngaahi fale kai, fale kofi, ngaahi fale ngaahi ʻulu, ngaahi fale kaukau mao mo e ngaahi fale sipoti. ʻI hono ʻai ke manakoá ʻoku kau ai ʻa e fale faiva, ʻaʻahi ki ai ʻa e kakai ongoongoá mo e fasi ʻo e kuongá. Ka ko e hā ʻoku akoʻi ʻe he kau faifekaú?
ʻOku ʻikai ha ofo, ‘ko e kōsipeli ʻo kau ki he tuʻumālié’ ko ha kaveinga manakoa ia. ʻOku tala ki he kau tuí te nau koloaʻia mo moʻui lelei kapau te nau tokoni nima-homo ki honau siasí. Ki he ʻulungāangá, ʻoku faʻa fakahaaʻi ko e ʻOtuá ʻoku faʻa fakamolemole. ʻOku pehē ʻe ha sōsiolosia: “Ko e ngaahi siasi ʻAmeliká ʻoku nau fai fakahōhōloto, ʻo ʻikai faifakamaau.” Ko e ngaahi lotu manakoá ʻoku nau faʻa tokangataha ki he ngaahi fokotuʻu ki hono tokoniʻi kita ke lavameʻa ai ʻi he moʻuí. ʻOku fakautuutu ʻa e ongoʻi fiemālie ʻa e kakaí ʻi he ngaahi lotu ʻoku ʻikai fekauʻaki mo ha siasí, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai meimei fai ha lave ai ki he ngaahi tokāteline, ʻa ē ʻoku fai ʻa e vakai ʻoku fakatupu māvahevahé. Kae kehe, ʻoku lāulea ai ki he ngaahi meʻa fakapolitikí ʻo faʻa māʻalaʻala mo pau. Ko e ngaahi fakatātā ki mui ní kuo hoko ko ha meʻa fakatupunga mā ia ki he kau faifekau ʻe niʻihi.
ʻOku ʻi ai ha fakaakeake fakalotu ʻi ʻAmelika Tokelau? ʻI he 2005, naʻe līpooti mai ai ʻe he makasini Newsweek ʻa hono manakoa ʻa e ngaahi ouau kaikaila, tō ʻo pongia mo haʻahaʻaki ʻa e vaʻé,” pea pehē ki he ngaahi tōʻonga fakalotu kehe, ka naʻe fakahaaʻi ai: “Ko e hā pē ʻoku hoko hení, ʻoku ʻikai moʻoni ke fuʻu tokolahi ʻa e kakai ia ʻoku ō ki he lotú.” Ko e kalasi kuo tupulaki vave taha ʻi he ngaahi saveá ʻa ē ʻoku “Halaʻatā” haʻanau feohi fakalotú. Ko e ngaahi fakatahaʻanga ʻe niʻihi ʻoku nau tupú pē koeʻuhi ko e hōloa ʻa e ngaahi fakatahaʻanga kehé. ʻOku pehē ko e kakaí ʻoku nau liʻaki “tokolahi” ʻa e ngaahi lotu tukufakaholó mo ʻenau ngaahi kātoangá, fasi ʻōkaní mo e haʻa faifekaú mo honau ngaahi kofu tōtōlofá.
ʻI heʻetau lāulea nounoú, kuo tau sio ai ki he mapakipaki ʻa e ngaahi siasi ʻi ʻAmelika Latiná, mole ʻi ʻIulope ʻenau ngaahi fakatahaʻangá, pea kei maʻu ʻa e poupoú ʻi hono tuʻuaki ʻo e fakafiefia mo e meʻa fakalotomāfana ʻi ʻAmelika. Ko e moʻoni, ʻoku lahi ʻa e ngaahi fehuʻi ki he ngaahi hehema lahi ko ení, ka ko e tuʻungá fakakātoa ko e fāinga ʻa e ngaahi siasí ke tauhi maʻu honau tuʻunga manakoá. ʻOku ʻuhinga ení ʻoku hōloa ʻa e lotu faka-Kalisitiané?
[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 6]
“FAKAMĀKETIʻI LAHI ʻO E LOTÚ”
Ko e talēkita ʻo e Ngāue Fakalotu Fakafonua ʻa e Siasi Katolika Falaniseé naʻe lave ki heʻene pehē: “ʻOku tau sio ki hono fakamāketiʻi lahi ʻo e lotú. ʻOku ngāueʻaki ʻe he kakaí ʻa e lotú, pea ʻi he ʻikai te nau maʻu ha siasi ʻoku nau loto-tatau mo iá, ʻoku nau ʻalu leva ki ha feituʻu kehe.” ʻI ha fakatotolo ki he lotu ʻi ʻIulopé, naʻe pehē ʻe Palōfesa Grace Davie ʻo e ʻUnivēsiti Exeter ʻo Pilitāniá: “ʻOku ‘fili mo fio’ pē ʻa e faʻahinga tāutaha mei he ngaahi lotu kehekehe ʻoku ala maʻú. Ko e lotú ʻi he hangē ko e ngaahi meʻa lahi kehé, kuo hū ia ki he māmani ʻo e fili tauʻatāina ʻi he founga moʻuí mo e saiʻiá.”
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 4, 5]
Tohitohi ʻi ha hūʻanga ki ha fale lotu, ʻi Naples, ʻĪtali
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e tā]
©Doug Scott/age fotostock
[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 4, 5]
Kuo tafoki ʻa e tokolahi ʻi Mekisikou mei he tui Katoliká