Nyamesom Mu Basabasayɛ a Wɔagye Atom Afei
EFI NYAN! KYERƐWFO A ƆWƆ BRITAIN HƆ
“ASƆFO Mpanyimfo Di Yaw Wɔ ‘Nsɛmmɔne Huuhu’ a Ɔhemmaa Mary Dii no Ho,” ne Britainfo Catholic Herald a ɛbaa December 11, 1998 mu no asɛmti. Roma Katolek asɔfo mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ England ne Wales gye tom sɛ “wɔadi nsɛmmɔne a emu yɛ duru pii wɔ Katolek asɔre no din mu, sɛ nhwɛso no nea wɔde dii Protestantfo bere a na Ɔsesɛw rekɔ so wɔ Great Britain no.” Na hena ne Ɔhemmaa Mary no? Bɔne bɛn na ɔyɛe a ama ɛho abehia sɛ wogye tom no? Na dɛn nti na asɔfo mpanyimfo a wɔwɔ England ne Wales reda asɛm yi adi afei?
Wɔwoo Mary Tudor wɔ Roma Katolek man England mu wɔ 1516 mu. Sɛ́ Ɔhene Henry VIII yere a odi kan Catherine a ofi Aragon ba koro pɛ a otumi traa nkwa mu no, Mary maame tetee no sɛ Katolekni a ɔbɔ mmɔden. Na ne papa pɛ ɔbabarima ma wadi n’ade, nanso Catherine anwo bi amma no. Esiane sɛ na pope mpene Henry ne Catherine aware no so nti, Henry ankasa faa ɔkwan a ɔpɛ so, ma enti ɔmaa Protestant Ɔsesɛw ho kwan wɔ England. Wɔ 1533 mu no, ɔwaree Anne Boleyn, na ɛno akyi asram anan ansa na Ɔsɔfopɔn a ɔwɔ Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer, reda no adi sɛ mmara mma Henry aware a edi kan no ho kwan.
Afe a edi hɔ no, ɔkokodurufo Henry ne Rome twaa abusuabɔ biara mu na ɔbɛyɛɛ Anglikan Asɔre no ti pumpuni. Afei de Mary a wobu no sɛ mpena ba no anhu ne maame bio, esiane sɛ wɔpoo Catherine wɔ ne mfe a etwa to mu a na ɔmma nnipa mu nti.
Protestantfo Abufuw
Bɛboro mfe 13 akyi no, wokunkum ebinom a wɔpoo sɛ wobegye Henry atom sɛ Asɔre no ti anaasɛ na wɔda so ara gye pope tumidi tom no. Henry wui wɔ 1547 mu na ne ba Edward a na wadi mfe akron a ɔne ne yerenom baasia mu nea ɔto so abiɛsa woo no mmara kwan so no bedii n’ade. Edward ne n’afutufo bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma England ayɛ Protestantfo man. Wɔtaa Roma Katolekfo wɔ wɔn som ho, na wɔsɛee asɔre horow no ahoni ne wɔn afɔrepon.
Ankyɛ, woyii anohyeto a na ɛda Bible no a wobetintim na wɔakenkan wɔ Engiresi kasa mu so no, na wɔhyɛe sɛ wɔnkenkan Bible no wɔ Engiresi kasa mu bere a wɔreyɛ asɔre no na ɛnyɛ Latin kasa mu. Nanso wɔ 1553 mu no, nsamanwaw kum Edward bere a na wadi mfe 15 pɛ. Mary ne obi a wobehui sɛ ɔfata sɛ odi ade na ɔbɛyɛɛ England hemmaa.
Katolekfo Abufuw
Mfitiase no, nkurɔfo penee Mary a na wadi mfe 37 no so, nanso akyiri yi na wɔmfa no nyɛ hwee. Na Protestant ne ɔsom a ne manfo nim no yiye, na na Mary asi ne bo sɛ ɔbɛma ɔman no adan Roma Katolek man bio. Bere tiaa mu no, woguu nyamesom mmara a Edward hyehyɛe no nyinaa. Mary srɛɛ pope hɔ bɔne fafiri maa ɔman no. England bɛyɛɛ Roma Katolek man bio.
Asɛm a wɔne Roma siesiei no maa wɔde ɔtaa baa Protestantfo nso so. Wobuu wɔn sɛ pɔmpɔ bɔne bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wotu ase ansa na asɛe nipadua no nyinaa. Wɔde wɔn a wɔpoo sɛ wobegye Roma Katolek Asɔre no nkyerɛkyerɛ atom no mu pii fam dua ho hyew wɔn anikan.
Asotwe a Wɔde Baa Ɔsom Mu Awaefo So
Onipa a odii kan wui wɔ Mary nniso mu no ne John Rogers. Na wakyerɛw nea wonim no sɛ Matthew Bible, a ɛno na King James Version no gyina so no. Bere a ɔkasa tiaa Roma Katolek nneyɛe na ɔbɔɔ nkurɔfo kɔkɔ wɔ “Katoleksom a edi awu, abosonsom, ne gyidihunu” ho no, wɔde no too afiase afe biako, na February 1555 mu no, wɔhyew no esiane sɛ ɔtew atua tiaa asɔre no nti.
Wobuu John Hooper, a na ɔyɛ ɔsɔfo panyin wɔ Gloucester ne Worcester nso sɛ wɔn a wɔsakra afoforo gyidi. Ɔde too gua sɛ mmara ma kwan sɛ asɔfo bɛware na mmara ma ho kwan sɛ wobegyina awaresɛe so agu aware. Ɔbɔɔ adwene a ɛne sɛ sɛ wɔrebɔ Mass a Kristo ba hɔ honam mu no nso gui. Wɔtotoo Hooper animono, ohuu amane kɛse bɛyɛ simma dunnum ansa na ɔrewu koraa. Ɛno akyi mfe 70 no, Protestantni sɛnkafo Hugh Latimer kaa nneɛma mu hyew, ɔde nsɛm yi hyɛɛ Nicholas Ridley a na ɔyɛ ne yɔnko Sesɛwfo na wɔde wɔn nyinaa fam dua ho no nkuran sɛ: “Nya awerɛkyekye, Owura Ridley, na yɛ w’ade sɛ ɔbarima. Yɛnam Onyankopɔn dom so bɛma hann a ɛte saa apue wɔ England, na mewɔ awerɛhyem sɛ ɛrennum da.”
Wobuu Thomas Cranmer, a na ɔyɛ Protestant Sɔfopɔn a odi kan wɔ Canterbury wɔ Henry ne Edward nniso ase no nso fɔ sɛ asɔre mu otuatewfo. Ɛwom sɛ ɔpoo ne Protestantfo gyidi no de, nanso awiei koraa no ɔsakraa n’adwene na ɔkasa tiaa pope no sɛ Kristo tamfo, na ɔde ne nsa hyɛɛ ogya no mu sɛ enni kan nhyew, efisɛ ne nsa no na ɔde hyɛɛ nsɛm a ɔtwe san no ase.
Ɛwom sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no, Protestantfo adefo 800 na woguan kɔɔ amannɔne de bɔɔ wɔn ho ban de, nanso wɔ bɛboro mfe abiɛsa ne asram akron a edii hɔ no mu kosii bere a Mary wui no, wɔhyew nnipa 277 wɔ dua ho wɔ England. Na wɔn a wokum wɔn no mu pii yɛ nnipa mpapahwekwa a wɔn adwene atu afra koraa wɔ nea ɛsɛ sɛ wogye di no ho. Mmofra nyinii bɛtee sɛ wɔkasa tia pope no, nanso afei wofii ase twee wɔn aso sɛ wɔn nso kasa tia no. Na afoforo nso asua Bible no akenkan ma wɔanya wɔn ankasa adwene wɔ nyamesom ho.
Mmarima, mmea ne mmofra a wɔhyew wɔn dua ho ma wowuu owu yayaw no haw nnipa pii. Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Carolly Erickson ka tebea no ho asɛm sɛ: “Mpɛn pii no nnua a enwui anaa sare a afɔw dodo sɛ ɛbɛdɛw ntɛmntɛm na na wɔde sɔ ogya no. Na atuduru nkotoku a wɔde akyekyere wɔn na amma wɔante ɛyaw ankyɛ no nsɔ, na na epira wɔn a enkum wɔn.” Na wɔmfa hwee nkyekyere wɔn a wɔhyew wɔn no ano ma enti “wɔtaa te wɔn nteɛteɛm ne mpaebɔ kosi sɛ wobewu.”
Nnipa pii adwenem fii ase yɛɛ wɔn naa wɔ nyamesom a na ehia sɛ ɛhyew nkurɔfo wɔ dua ho na ama wɔagye ne nkyerɛkyerɛ atom no ho. Ayamhyehye a wonya maa wɔn a wɔhyew wɔn no maa nnwom kyerɛwfo hyehyɛɛ nnwom faa Protestantfo mogya adansefo no ho. John Foxe fii ase kyerɛw ne nhoma Book of Martyrs a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛɛ nhoma titiriw maa Protestantfo Asesɛwfo te sɛ Bible no. Nnipa pii a na wɔyɛ Roma Katolekfo wɔ Mary ahenni mfiase no dan Protestantfo awiei koraa.
Mary Awunyade
Bere a Mary bɛyɛɛ ɔhemmaa akyi no, ɔkae sɛ ɔbɛware ne busuani Philip a na ɔno na ɔbɛtra Spain ahengua so no. Na ɔyɛ ɔman foforo hene ne Roma Katolekni a ɔyɛ hyew, ade a na Engiresifo pii mpɛ. Atua a Protestantfo tew de sɔre tiaa aware no ankosi hwee, na wokum atuatewfo no 100. Ɛwom sɛ wɔansi Philip hene de, nanso ɔne Mary waree July 25, 1554 mu. Nanso, wɔn aware a ɔba amfi mu amma no haw Mary a na ɔpɛ ɔdedifo a ɔyɛ Roma Katolekni no.
Mary yaree, na bere a odii tumi mfe anum pɛ no, owui a na wadi mfe 42. Ɔde awerɛhow wui. Na ne kunu ani nnye ne ho bio, na na ne manfo dodow no ara tan no. Bere a owui no, nnipa a wɔte London no mu pii tow pon wɔ mmɔnten so. Sɛ anka ɔbɛsan de Roma Katolek som asi hɔ no, ɔnam ne kateeyɛ so maa Protestantsom trɛwee mmom. Edin a wɔde nim no fi saa bere no ka n’awunyade ho asɛm tiawa sɛ—Mary Mogyapɛfo.
Ahonim a Wɔkanyan no Ɔkwammɔne So
Dɛn nti na Mary hyɛe ma wɔhyew nnipa pii saa? Ná wɔakyerɛkyerɛ no sɛ Onyankopɔn bu ɔsom mu atuatewfo sɛ afatwafo, na osusuwii sɛ ɛyɛ n’asɛyɛde sɛ ɔma wɔn nkɛntɛnso no gyae ansa na anya ɔman no nyinaa so tumi. Otiee n’ahonim nanso obuu n’ani guu hokwan a afoforo a wɔn ahonim amma wɔne no anyɛ ade koro wɔ no so.
Nanso, Protestantfo no nso annya afoforo ho koma. Esiane nkurɔfo gyidi nti, wɔhyew wɔn nso wɔ Henry ne Edward ahenni mu. Protestantni Elizabeth I a obedii Mary ade no hyɛe sɛ Roma Katolek som yɛ bɔne a wɔde tutu ɔman ase, na n’ahenni mu no, wokunkum Engiresi Roma Katolekfo bɛboro 180. Afeha a edi hɔ no, wokunkum nnipa ɔhaha pii wɔ adwene a na wokura wɔ nyamesom ho no ho.
Dɛn Nti na Wɔpa Kyɛw Nnɛ?
December 10, 1998 na Amanaman Nkabom no Amansan Mpaemuka a ɛfa Hokwan a Nnipa Wɔ ho no nyaa mfe 50. Ne mmara a ɛto so 18 no gye tom sɛ “wɔagyae obiara nsusuwii, ahonim, ne ne som ama no,” a nea ɛka ho ne hokwan a obi wɔ sɛ ɔsesa ne som na ɔde kyerɛkyerɛ afoforo na ɔde bɔ ne bra. Roma Katolek asɔfo mpanyin a wɔwɔ England ne Wales no paw mfe 50 afahyɛ yi sɛ “bere a ɛfata sɛ Katolekfo pɛɛpɛɛ wɔn ahonim mu wɔ nsɛm yi mu” na wogye “bɔne a ɛyɛ hu” a wɔyɛe, titiriw wɔ Mary Tudor bere so no tom.
Ɛwom sɛ wɔanu wɔn ho nnɛ wɔ nyamesom mu basabasayɛ a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ bɛyɛ mfe 450 a atwam ni mu no ho de, nanso so nneɛma asakra ankasa? Wɔnhyew nnipa wɔ dua ho bio, nanso wɔn a wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔyɛ Kristofo no mu pii kɔ so to ɔsom afoforo mufo mmonnaa kunkum wɔn. Onyankopɔn ani nnye basabasayɛ a ɛte saa no ho. Nokwarem no, Yesu Kristo, nea ɔdaa Onyankopɔn nipasu adi pɛpɛɛpɛ no, kae sɛ: “Sɛ mododɔ mo ho a, nnipa nyinaa behu sɛ moyɛ m’asuafo.”—Yohane 13:35.
[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 20]
Ɔhemmaa Mary
[Asɛm Fibea]
Efi A Short History of the English People nhoma no mu
[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 21]
Wɔhyew Latimer ne Ridley wɔ dua ho
[Asɛm Fibea]
Efi Foxe’s Book of Martyrs mu
[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 21]
Cranmer hwɛ hui sɛ ne nsa nifa bɛhyew kan
[Asɛm Fibea]
Efi The History of England nhoma no (Po 1) mu
[Mfonini Ahorow Fibea wɔ kratafa 20]
Border: 200 Decorative Title-Pages/Alexander Nesbitt/Dover Publications, Inc.