Gandhi​—Dɛn Na Ɛsakraa Ne Nipasu?

SƐ YƐBƐTE Gandhi ase a, ɛsɛ sɛ yɛka nsɛm abien a esisii a ɛsakraa n’adwene a na okura wɔ mfiase no. Momma yɛnsan yɛn akyi nkɔ afe 1869 mu wɔ Gujarat man mu wɔ India kusuu fam atɔe. Nsuyiri a ɛsɛe nneɛma na edi ɔpɛ bere mu mframa a emu yɛ hyew a ɛbɔ fa saa ɔmansin yi mu no akyi. Ɛhɔ na wɔwoo Gandhi too abusua a wɔn ho tɔ wɔn a te sɛ Gujaratifo mu fa kɛse no, wɔde nokwasɛm a ɛne sɛ wɔwɔ Brahmans (asɔfokuw) pii wɔ wɔn man mu no hoahoa wɔn ho no mu. Efi teteete no, wɔakyekyɛ Hindufo abusua mu ayɛ no nyamesom kuw atitiriw anan, a wohu nea ɛpaapae wɔn mu no yiye. (Hwɛ adaka a ɛka ho no mu wɔ kratafa 5.)

Bere a odii mfe 18 no, Gandhi de keteke tuu kwan nea edi kan kɔɔ Bombay, a na ɔrekɔ England akosua mmara ho ade. Ogyaw ne mmofraberem yere a ɔne Kasturbai ne ne babarima hɔ. Ansa na ɔrekɔtra SS Clyde mu no, wɔfrɛɛ Gandhi baa ne nyamesom kuw no mpanyimfo anim, na wɔkyerɛɛ no pefee sɛ, sɛ ɔkɔ England a wobetu no afi ne nyamesom kuw no mu. Dɛn ntia? Wɔkyerɛ sɛ, “Ɛbɛma obi ne aborɔfo adidi na wɔanom.” Obuae sɛ: “Minsusuw sɛ etia yɛn nyamesom no koraa sɛ mɛkɔ Engiresi Aburokyiri.” Ne nyamesom kuw mu mpanyimfo bu no sɛ ɛyɛ akyide sɛ ɔne oburoni a ne ho ntew esiane sɛ ɔwe nam na ɔnom nsa nti no bɛbɔ fekuw. Gandhi yii ano sɛ ɛyɛ nyamesom kuw mu mpaapaemu a wɔasakra mu. Ɛmfa ho sɛ ɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ mu no, wɔansakra wɔn adwene, na Gandhi fii India sɛ obi a wɔapow no wɔ Vaisya (n’akuafo ne aguadifo) nyamesom kuw no mu.

Asetra wɔ Engiresi Aburokyiri mu yɛɛ den maa Gandhi. Ɛnyɛ sɛ ɔyɛ ɔhɔho nko, na mmom sɛ Indiani a “n’ani mmuei” no, na obetumi ne Britaniafo mmusua a wɔba fam no nkutoo na abɔ fekuw. Gandhi ho dwiriw no, efisɛ wɔn a wɔyɛ nyiyimu de tia no no frɛ wɔn ho Kristofo. Na wanya Kristosom ho adwene dedaw: Ɔkyerɛwee sɛ, “Na mepɛ koraa. Na ɛyɛ biribi nti. Saa bere no mu no na Kristofo asɛmpatrɛwfo [a wɔwɔ India] no taa gyina mmɔnten twea so baabi a ɛbɛn ntoaso sukuu no . . . yeyaw Hindufo ne wɔn anyame. Mantumi annyina eyi ano.” Saa ara nso na wɔ England no, ɛyɛɛ den maa Gandhi sɛ obegyina nyiyimu a “Kristofo” yɛ de tiaa no no ano. Gyinae bɛn na osii? ‘Medɔ Kristo, nanso mimmu Kristofo efisɛ wɔntra ase sɛnea Kristo traa ase no.’

Ofii England a na ɔwɔ abodin wɔ mmaranim mu, na Gandhi pɛe sɛ anka ɔbɛyɛ adwuma wɔ South Africa. Ɛhɔ na, ohuu abusua mu mpaapaemu fi mfiase no ara. Ɛwom sɛ otwaa tekit a ɛma wotumi tra beae a eye sen biara wɔ keteke mu de, nanso woyii no fii keteke bi mu, na wɔka kyerɛɛ no sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ ɔtra keteke a wɔn a ɛsono wɔn honam ani hwɛbea tra mu no mu. Wɔantie Gandhi nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɔde mae no. Wɔtwee no fii keteke no mu, na wogyaw no wɔ hɔ ma ɔdaa ɔdan a akwantufo tra mu no mu kosii adekyee.

Gyinaesi Titiriw

Saa anadwo no, osii gyinae sɛ ɔremfa ahoɔden anaasɛ tumi nhwehwɛ biribi a ɔpɛ. Ɔreka nea esii no ho asɛm no, ɔkyerɛwee sɛ: “Amanehunu a ɛtoo me no yɛ ketewa bi​—ɛyɛ abusua mu mpaapaemu a emu yɛ den no ho sɛnkyerɛnnede ara kwa. Ɛsɛ sɛ mebɔ mmɔden, sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, sɛ metu ɔyare no ase, na mihu ho amane bere a mereyɛ saa no.”

Momma yɛnsan yɛn akyi kakra, na yɛnkɔhwehwɛ saa nsɛm abien a esisii wɔ Gandhi asetra mu a wɔakyerɛkyerɛ mu pɛpɛɛpɛ no mu. Wɔ asɛm a edi kan no mu no, ansa na ɔrebɛkɔ England no, Gandhi ankasa nnipa pow no, esiane sɛ ɔpɛ sɛ ɔne oburoni bɔ fekuw nti. Wɔ asɛm a ɛto so abien no mu no, ɛyɛ oburoni na ɔpam no fii keteke no mu, esiane Gandhi honam ani hwɛbea nti. Ɛnyɛ n’ankasa amanehunu anaasɛ animtiaa a wobuu no ara kwa nti na ɛmaa ɛyɛɛ Gandhi yaw; ɛyɛ atirimɔdensɛm a onipa yɛ de tia ne yɔnko nipa a ano yɛ den kɛse esiane nsonsonoe a ɛda honam ani hwɛbea mu nti no.

Akyiri yi ɔkyerɛwee sɛ: “Bere tenten a aborɔfo kɔ so bu wɔn a ɛsono wɔn honam ani hwɛbea animtiaa no, bere tenten no ara na yebehu amane.” Nea ɛyɛ anigye yiye no, Gandhi gyinae a osii yi ka Indiani a bɛyɛ mfirihyia mpempem pii ni no, wama kuw ahorow a egyina nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ honam ani hwɛbea so a wɔahyehyɛ no atra hɔ bere nyinaa no. Wɔ saa mpaapaemu yi mu no, afei de na ɛyɛ Indiafo na ɛsɔre tia Indiafo, Brahmanfo sɔre tia wɔn a wobu wɔn sɛ wɔn ho ntew no.

Obu Ma Wɔn a Wobu Wɔn Sɛ Wɔn Ho Ntew No

Bere a ɔsan baa India no, Gandhi huu mpaapaemu a ɛyɛ hu ne nitan a nyamesom kuw mu mpaapaemu de aba no. Ɔkae sɛ, yɛbɛyɛ dɛn atumi akasa atia Britaniafo bere a yedi mfomso tia yɛn nuanom ankasa a wobu wɔn sɛ wɔn ho ntew no? Ɔkae sɛ, “Mibu afoforo a wobu wɔn sɛ wɔn ho ntew no sɛ ɛyɛ mfomso kɛse a wɔadi wɔ Hindusom mu.” Sɛnea Gandhi kyerɛ no, Hindusom ayɛ bɔne wɔ pene a apene afoforo a wobu wɔn sɛ wɔn ho ntew no so no mu.

Gandhi dii wɔn a wobu wɔn sɛ wɔn ho ntew no anim wɔ hokwan ahorow a wɔhwehwɛ no mu. Ɔne wɔn trae. Ɔne wɔn didii. Ɔprapraa wɔn tiafi so. Ɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ ɔbɛma wɔasan anya obu a wɔwɔ ma wɔn no. Ɔmaa wɔn din pa​—na wɔamfrɛ wɔn sɛ wɔn a wɔn ho ntew bio, na mmom Harijanfo, anaasɛ onyame Vishnu nkurɔfo. Ɔkyerɛwee sɛ, “Ɛho hia sɛ yɛn a yɛyɛ Hindufo no nya adwensakra wɔ bɔne a yɛayɛ no ho, . . . ɛsɛ sɛ yɛde agyapade a yɛagye afi wɔn nsam no san ma wɔn.”

Sɛnea Gandhi kyerɛ no, na dɛn ne Harijanfo no agyapade no? Obu a wɔwɔ ma onipa, ade a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ma nnipa nyinaa no. Ɔkyerɛɛ mu sɛ, Harijanfo no pɛ sɛ wobebu wɔn sɛ nnipa na ɛnyɛ te sɛ aboa. Henanom na wɔma wɔhweree eyi? Sɛnea Gandhi kyerɛ no, ɛyɛ wɔn mfɛfo Hindufo. Ɔkae sɛ, “Nsɛmmɔne akɛse a ɛwɔ abakɔsɛm mu nyinaa no yɛ nea wɔadi wɔ nyamesom din mu.” Ɔmaa Indiafo nyinaa ani wui denam pow a ɔpowee sɛ ɔbɛhyɛn asɔredan akɛse a mfehaha pii ni no wɔmma Hindufo nyamesom kuw a ɛba fam no mu asomfo nhyɛn mu no so. Ɔka kyerɛɛ nnipa dɔm a wohyiam wɔ hɔ no sɛ, “Onyankopɔn biara nni ha. Sɛ Onyankopɔn wɔ ha a anka obiara benya kwan aba ha.” Bere bi ɔsɛmpatrɛwfo bi a ɛda adi sɛ ɔyɛ sikani baa Gandhi nkyɛn sɛ obegye afotu wɔ sɛnea obetumi aboa nnipa a wɔapam wɔn afi wɔn nyamesom kuw mu a wɔwɔ India nkuraase no mu. Gandhi mmuae no yɛ asɛm a emu yɛ den ma Kristosom. “Ɛsɛ sɛ yegyae yɛn dibea no mu na yɛne wɔn tra​—ɛnyɛ sɛ ahɔho, na mmom sɛ wɔn mu biako wɔ ɔkwan biara so na yɛne wɔn nya wɔn amanehunu ne awerɛhowdi mu kyɛfa.”

Gandhi kae sɛ, “Wɔ asɛm a ɛfa adeyɛ a ɛkyerɛ basabasayɛ a wɔmpɛ mu no mu no, yenni biribi a ɛte sɛ ‘ɔtamfo a ofi akyiri’ biara.” Sɛnea nnɛyi ɔkyerɛwfo biako kae no, esiane sɛ wiase no daakye ho aba asɛm nti, akameakame nyinaa bɛyɛ “nea efi yɛn mu,” na sɛ yɛn botae ne sɛ yebegye adesamma nkwa de a, ɛsɛ sɛ yebu obiara sɛ ɔyɛ onipa. Mpaapaemu a egyina nyamesom kuw so mma wonnya obu mma afoforo na enti nkurɔfo hu amane. Wɔn amanehunu no nyɛ nea wɔnnte ho asɛm bio. Ɛda adi wɔ nsɛmmɔnedi ne basabasayɛ ho nkontaabu mu. Enti nsemmisa no sɔre sɛ: So Gandhi adwene a na okura no ayɛ adwuma? Na basabasayɛ a wɔmpɛ wɔ India nso ɛ? Ɔkwan bɛn so na adwene a na Gandhi kura no ho wɔ mfaso ma wiase no nyinaa?

[Kratafa 5 adaka]

Nyamesom Kuw ne Honam Ani Hwɛbea

Hindufo Nyamesua nhoma, Mahã-Bhãrata ka sɛ:

1. “Brahmanfo honam ani hwɛbea yɛ fitaa [nyamesom kuw a ɛkorɔn sen biara, wɔyɛ asɔfo ne nhomanimfo];

2. “Ksatriyafo de yɛ kɔkɔ [nyamesom kuw a ɛto so abien, wɔyɛ akokofo ne nnipa a wɔwɔ anuonyam];

3. “Vaisyafo de yɛ akokɔsrade [nyamesom kuw a ɛto so abiɛsa, wɔyɛ akuafo ne aguadifo],

4. “na Sundrafo de yɛ tuntum [nyamesom kuw a ɛto so anan, wɔyɛ apaafo].”

Wɔ eyinom akyi ne wɔn a wobu wɔn sɛ wɔn ho ntew, sɛ yɛde adesamma abusua no a wɔahyehyɛ to kyɛn a.

Ɛdefa saa nyamesom kuw nhyehyɛe yi ho no. The Hindu bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ:

“Mandal Bagua no abɔ kɔkɔ atia adwene biara a wobenya sɛ nyamesom kuw nhyehyɛe no regu no . . . Sɛ wɔde nyamesom adi dwuma sɛ awuduru a wɔde ma ɔmanfo a, ɛnde na ɛyɛ India na wɔyɛɛ saa. Asɔfokuw ketewa bi nam nyansa kwan so asiesie nnipa no mu fã kɛse no ara adwene, adaadaa wɔn mfe pii ma wɔde ahobrɛase agye nkoasom atom. Bagua no ka sɛ, esiane sɛ nyamesom akuw no na ɛkyerɛkyerɛe na edii obi asetra nyinaa so nti, ɛmaa tebea bi bae a nyamesom akuw a ɛba fam no mufo bɛyɛɛ ntetekwaa wɔ asetra, nhomasua, sikasɛm ne amammui nsɛm mu. Nanso nyamesom akuw ahorow a ɛkorɔn no nyaa nkɔso wɔ biribiara mu.”​—May 4, 1982.

[Kratafa 6 adaka]

Sɛ Woyɛ Obi a Wobu No Sɛ Ne Ho Ntew a

● Wobɛprapra mmɔnten so, tiafi so anaasɛ wo na wotow mmoa funu gu

● Wurentumi nkɔ nyamesom kuw a ɛkorɔn no mufo biako fi. Brahmanfo remma wo kwan mma wɔnhyɛn Hindufo asɔredan mu

● Wo mma rentumi nware wɔ wo kuw no akyi

● Wo ne ohiani wɔ nkurow akɛse mu​—wobɛtra mmeae ahorow a obiara nte hɔ, wubehia nneɛma atitiriw te sɛ aduan, dabere ne nsu

Wɔabara bu a wobu afoforo sɛ wɔn ho ntew wɔ India fi 1950. Nanso nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe nnansa yi wɔ nkuraa mpempen ase wɔ India nyinaa no daa no adi sɛ, sɛ woyɛ obi a wobu no sɛ ne ho ntew a nnipa afoforo ɔha biara mu 61 remma wonsaw nsu wɔ wɔn abura mu; ɔha biara mu 82 remma wonnhyɛn asɔredan mu; ɔha biara mu 56 remma wo dabere; wɔn a wɔhoro nkurɔfo nneɛma gye sika no ɔha biara mu 52 renhoro wo ade; na wɔn a woyi ti ɔha biara mu 45 rennyi wo ti