“Nyamesom Mu Ɔtaa Mu Amanehunufo Atitiriw”

NYAMESOM mu ɔtaa akɔ so wɔ abakɔsɛm mu nyinaa. Ɔsom mu nsonsonoe na ɛmaa Kain kum ne nua Habel. Na Kain ani nnye nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ Onyankopɔn ani asɔ Habel afɔrebɔ nanso wampene ne de so no ho. Ne bo fuwii na awiei koraa no okum ne nua.​—Genesis 4:3-8.

Yesu Kristo hyɛɛ nkɔm sɛ wɔbɛtaa n’akyidifo, titiriw wɔ awiei bere no mu. Ɔbɔɔ kɔkɔ sɛ: “Wobeyi mo ama . . . na wɔatwe mo aso na wɔakum mo; na nokware a mudi ma me nti nnipa a wofi aman nyinaa so bɛtan mo.”​—Mateo 24:9, The New English Bible.

Wɔ mfe mpempem no mu no, nyamesom akɛse no ataa wɔn ho wɔn ho bere a wɔn mu biara hu sɛ sɛnea wɔn nkutoo di nkurɔfo so no ba asiane mu no. Katolekfo, Protestantfo, Hindufo, Nkramofo, Buddafo, ne afoforo de wɔn ho ahyɛ wɔn ntam mogyahwiegu mu. Wɔapene ɔtaa so wɔ nea ɛwɔ hɔ dedaw, nokware a mfomso nnim, ne ɔkra nkwagye din mu. Wɔataa Yudafo wɔ wɔn nyamesom ne wɔn abusua no nti. Wɔ aman bi mu wɔ afeha 20 yi mu no, komunistfo a wonnye onyame biara nni no asɔre atia nyamesom sɛ ɛyɛ ‘ɔmanfo adubɔne bi.’

Nanso, wɔ saa afeha yi ara mu no, kuw biako bi wɔ hɔ a wɔataa wɔn afi afã nyinaa​—sɛ́ ɛyɛ nyamesom anaa amammui nti no. Wɔne henanom, na dɛn ne adwene a ɛwɔ akyi?

“Amanehunufo Atitiriw”

Archibald Cox a na anka ɔyɛ Watergate ɔtɛnyifo titiriw no kyerɛwee wɔ ne nhoma The Court and the Constitution (1987) a ɔkyerɛw no nnansa yi ara no mu sɛ: “Nyamesom mu ɔtaa mu amanehunufo atitiriw wɔ United States wɔ afeha a ɛto so aduonu yi mu ne Yehowa Adansefo.” Dɛn na ɛde tebea no bae? Ɔtoa so sɛ: “Wɔma wofii ase de adwene kɔɔ wɔn so na wotintim wɔn wɔ 1930 mfe no mu bere a afoforo a wɔsakra wɔn ne wɔn dodow no kɔɔ soro ntɛmntɛm no. Bere a wɔde wɔn ho to Ɔsoro adiyi a ɛwɔ Bible mu so no, wogyinaa mmorɔn ntwea so na wɔkɔɔ afie afie mu na wɔde Ɔwɛn Aban Bible ne Nhomawa Asafo no nkratawa memae na wɔkae sɛ asɔre nhyehyɛe ahorow, nnwuma akɛse, ne Ɔman no a wɔayɛ tumidi nkabom bɔne no yɛ Satan nnwinade ahorow.”

Bere a amanaman no de wɔn ho hyɛɛ Wiase Ko II mu koraa no. Adansefo no bɛyɛɛ amanehunufo ne mogya adansefo wɔ ɔmampɛ honhom a na abu so a na nniso ahorow a wɔreko no hyɛ ho nkuran no nsam. Wɔ aman bi so no, wɔde ɔhyɛ frankaa kyia hyɛɛ sukuu ahorow no so. Sraadi a wɔhyɛ wɔn ma wodi bɛyɛɛ mmara. Bere a Yehowa Adansefo gye Kaesare de a wɔde ma Kaesare no di no​—na ebia akuw kakraa bi mpo na wotua wɔn tow na wofi ahonim mu di asase no so mmara so​—wɔde nea wogye di sɛ Onyankopɔn hwehwɛ no ma ɔno nso a ɛne ɔsom ne nokwaredi a ɛkorɔn. Wɔkyerɛ obu ma nnyinasosɛm fɛfɛ a ɔman bi frankaa gyina hɔ ma no, nanso wɔ wɔn fam no frankaa kyia yɛ ahonisom a ɛde mpaapaemu ba. Saa gyinabea no de wɔn kɔɔ amanehunu mu wɔ United States wɔ 1930 ne 1940 mfe no mu.

Woyii mmofra ɔhaha pii adi fii sukuu mu esiane sɛ wɔpowee sɛ wobekyia frankaa nti. Sɛnea Ɔbenfo Mason kyerɛe wɔ ne nhoma Harlan Fiske Stone: Pillar of the Law mu no: “Na pow a wɔpow no nkyerɛ sɛ wɔnnyɛ ɔman mma pa anaasɛ wɔnnɔ wɔn man. Nea na ɛkyerɛ tiawa ne sɛ bere a wɔkenkan Kyerɛwnsɛm no, frankaa kyia tõ Bible ahyɛde a etia ohoni a wɔbɛbrɛ wɔn ho ase ama no.”

Wɔde asɛm no kɔɔ U.S. Asennibea Kɛse no mu, na wɔ 1940 mu no, ɛdenam aba a nnipa 8 tow tiaa 1 so no, wɔpow asɛm a Adansefo no de kɔdanee no. Na ɔkokodurufo obiakofo a ɔmpene so no ne Ɔtemmufo Harlan Fiske Stone. Ɔbenfo Mason kyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea ebinom yɛɛ wɔn ade no mu: “John Haynes Holmes a ɔyɛ Amerika Amanfo Ahofadi Kuw no titrani no kae sɛ pene a Stone ampene so no bɛyɛ ‘ɔsɔretia adwenkyerɛ akɛse wɔ Amerika abakɔsɛm mu no mu biako.’ Na nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ ahorow no ye kɛse. Atesɛm nkrataa atiririw ɔha aduɔson biako kasa tiaa gyinaesi no ntɛm ara; kakraa bi pɛ na wɔpenee so.” Nanso afei dɛn na ɛbae?

Ɔbenfo Cox toa n’asɛm no so sɛ: “Adansefo no ɔtaa no mu yɛɛ den. Wɔ mmeae bi, titiriw Texas no, kwasampafo kuw tuatuaa Adansefo no esiane sɛ wɔpowee sɛ wobekyia frankaa no nti. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a na wɔka sɛ wɔyɛ ‘Nasi yɛmafo.’” Wɔ Maine no, wɔhyew Ahenni Asa biako. Wɔ Illinois kurow biako mu no, nnipa no nyinaa “sɔre kotuaa Adansefo bɛyɛ 60.” Na dɛn na atumfoɔ no yɛe? “Wɔ ɔfã kɛse no ara no, na polisifo gyina hɔ hwɛ anaasɛ wonyaa mu kyɛfa ankasa.” Sɛnea Ɔbenfo Mason ka no: “Atɛntrenee Dwumadibea no hui sɛ na saa basabasayɛ pii yi fi Asennibea no gyinaesi wɔ frankaa kyia asɛm a edi kan no mu tee. Wɔ saa kwan no so no Asennibea no ankasa bɛyɛɛ adwinnade wɔ nnipa adwene ho apereperedi yi mu.”

Nsanakyiri bi a Ɛyɛ Nwonwa

Wɔ atirimɔden ɔtaa yi nyinaa akyi no, Adansefo mmofra, te sɛ Hebrifo anokwafo baasa no, powee sɛ wobekyia ɔman sɛnkyerɛnne a wɔ eyi mu no ɛyɛ frankaa no. (Daniel, ti 3) Ɔwɛn Aban Asafo no Mmara ho Nsɛm Dwumadibea no kɔɔ so piapiaa frankaa kyia nsɛm no kɔdanee asennibea ahorow. Nokwarem no, “Yehowa Adansefo kɔɔ so de anibere peree nea wɔka no ho araa ma [Ɔtemmufo] Stone hyɛɛ nyansa sɛ ‘ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma wɔn sika kɛse bi esiane mmoa a wɔde ma wɔ ɔmanfo ahofadi mu mmara mu nsɛnnennen ahorow a wodi ho dwuma no nti.’”​—Harlan Fiske Stone: Pillar of the Law, kratafa 598.

Afei wɔ June 14, 1943 (Frankaa Da) mu no, U.S. Asennibea Kɛse no yɛɛ ade nwonwa bi. Ɛsan ne ho akyi wɔ frankaa kyia asɛm foforo bi mu (West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette) na wogyaee Adansefo no. Saa da no ara, wɔ asɛm foforo a ɛfa Yehowa Adansefo ho mu no, atemmufo no kae sɛ: “Ɛdefa wɔn a wɔde asɛm no bɛdanee [Adansefo no] ho no, [mmara] no twe wɔn aso ɛwom sɛ wɔnka anaa wɔnkyerɛ sɛ wɔde atirimpɔw bɔne bi, ɔman ase tutu adeyɛ a wɔde tia ɔman no a wɔkyerɛ anaasɛ wɔhyɛ nkurɔfo ma wɔyɛ na ɛyɛɛ saa de. . . . Wɔ yɛn gyinaesi no mu no wɔrentumi mfa nsɛmmɔnedi adeyɛ bi nka nea wɔyɛe no ho asɛm.”

Sɛ́ Asennibea no kasamafo no, Ɔtemmufo Jackson de adwenkyerɛ bi a nyansa wom te sɛ Gamaliel de no kaa ho: “Sɛ ade titiriw bi wɔ hɔ a atim wɔ yɛn amammui nhyehyɛe no mu a, ɛne sɛ ɔpanyin biara nni hɔ, sɛ ɔkorɔn anaa osua, a obetumi akyerɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ nea obiara yɛ wɔ amammuisɛm, ɔmampɛ, nyamesom, anaa adwenkyerɛ ho nsɛm afoforo bi ho anaasɛ ɔbɛhyɛ ɔmanfo ma wɔnam nsɛm anaa nneyɛe so akyerɛ wɔn gyidi wom.” Wɔafrɛ saa gyinaesi yi sɛ “Asennibea no abakɔsɛm mu nsanakyiri a ɛyɛ nwonwa kɛse no mu biako.”​—Fa toto Asomafo no Nnwuma 5:34, 38, 39 ho.

Dɛn nti na na ɛyɛ nea ntease wom ara kwa sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde mmara hyɛ Adansefo no ma wɔsom frankaa no? Ɔbenfo Cox kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Ná mfomso a wodi tiaa Gobitis ne Barnette mmofra [Adansefo] no yɛ hyɛ a Ɔman no hyɛɛ wɔn sɛ wɔnka amammui mu ade a ɛnsankra a wonnye nni no.” Nea na Adansefo no ayɛ ara ne sɛ wodii Bible nnyinasosɛm yi akyi: “Ɛsɛ sɛ yetie Onyankopɔn sɛ sodifo mmom sen nnipa.”​—Asomafo no Nnwuma 5:29, NW.

Dɛn Nti na Ɛsɛ sɛ Wɔbɔ Akuw Nketewaa ho Ban?

Bere a Cox apɛɛpɛe saa nsɛm yi mu no, obisaa asɛm a ɛho hia yi: “Dɛn nti na ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhaw yɛn ho wɔ saa kuw ketewaa a wɔpow sɛ wobekyia frankaa no honhom mu ahofadi ho? Anaasɛ wɔ wɔn a wɔhaw adwene te sɛ Yehowa Adansefo asɛnkafo no hokwan ahorow a wɔbɛbɔ ho ban no ho?” Obua sɛ: “Mmuae no fã wɔ ankorankoro nidi a yɛn asetra gyina so no ho ntease, nidi a ɛwɔ nea wogye tom ne nea wonnye ntom nyinaa mu no mu. Ɛfã wɔ nim a yenim sɛ sɛ Ɔman no bɔ Yehowa Adansefo ano a, . . . ebia yɛn ankasa de na ebedi hɔ no mu.”

Yiw, kuw ketewaa bi a wɔmpɛ wɔn asɛm no ɔsom mu ahofadi a wɔbɛka ahyɛ no betumi ayɛ ade ketewaa a ɛde kɔ ɔmanfo nyinaa ahofadi ahorow a wɔhyɛ so mu. Nanso nokwasɛm foforo a ɛyɛ anigye a Ɔbenfo Cox de ka ho wɔ hɔ:

“Na ɛfã wɔ nim a wonim sɛ ebia kuw ketewaa bi a wɔyɛ wɔn ade wɔ ɔkwan soronko so no behu nokware​—nokware a wɔnam ka a wɔaka ahyɛ so twentwɛn no ase anaasɛ wɔahwere daa bi.” Na nokware ahorow a wɔde nhyɛso ba so no mu biako ne nea Yehowa Adansefo ka ho asɛm no a ɛne sɛ adesamma asomdwoe ne nkwagye anidaso koro pɛ ne Onyankopɔn Ahenni nniso a ɛnam Kristo Yesu so no.​—Daniel 2:44; Mateo 6:9, 10.

Kristofo a “Wɔhaw Adwene”

Bere a Cox ka Adansefo no ho asɛm sɛ “wɔhaw adwene” no, ma yɛnkae sɛnea Kristofo asuafo a wodi kan no asɔretiafo kaa wɔn ho asɛm no: “Eyinom a wɔahaw adwene wɔ wiase nyinaa no aba ha afei . . . Wobu Kaesare ahyɛde nyinaa so na wɔka sɛ ɔhene foforo bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no Yesu.” (Asomafo no Nnwuma 17:6, 7, New International Version) Ɛne tebea a Yehowa Adansefo hu wɔn ho wom wɔ aman pii mu no sɛ dɛn ara! Na dɛn nti na ɛte saa? Ntease koro no ara a enti tete Kristofo no huu amane​—wɔn nokwaredi ma Kristo Yesu, wɔn Hene no, ne n’Ahenni no.

Adansefo no asɛmpaka a edi nkonim no ka asɔre akɛse no asɔfo no ma wɔhwehwɛ mmoa fi amammui atumfoɔ hɔ. Eyi ne nea ɛbae wɔ Paulo ɔsom adwuma a edii yiye no akyi no sɛ. Kyerɛwtohɔ no ka kyerɛ yɛn sɛ: “Nso Yudafo no de anibere kɔfaa ahuhufo no mu nnipa bɔne bi kaa wɔn ho, na wɔmaa nkurɔfo no bɔɔ bum hyiae, na wɔtanee kurow no ani. . . . Wɔtwee Yason ankasa ne asafo no mufo binom kɔɔ atemmufo no anim.”​—Asomafo no Nnwuma 17:5, 6, NEB.

Yehowa Adansefo ahu ɔtaa a ɛmfata mu amane, wɔ ɔko ne asomdwoe mmere mu. Mpɛn pii no wɔn a wɔhyɛ ɔtaa a ɛte saa no akyi yɛ nyamesom akannifo a wɔde wɔn nkɛntɛnso wɔ nnipa a wonim wɔn wɔ sodifo a wɔwɔ so no mu no di dwuma de siw Adansefo no dwumadi ano no. Nhwɛso titiriw biako ne Yehowa Adansefo ɔtaa wɔ Katolek Spain efi 1950 kosi 1970 mmere no mu no. Wɔkyeree mmarima, mmea, ne mmofra, wɔbɔɔ wɔn ka, na wɔde wɔn guu afiase esiane sɛ wosua Bible no wɔ wɔn ankasa afi mu kokoam nti. Mmerante ɔhaha pii mu biara dii bɛboro mfe du wɔ asraafo afiase esiane sɛ wokura Kristofo afã biara a wonni no mu nti.a

Yehowa Adansefo a wɔwɔ Spain no yɛ soronko araa ma mmaranimfo kɛse bi. Señor Martin-Retortillo kyerɛwee sɛ: “Bere a obi sua mfe du atemmusɛm ho ade na ohu nniso anosiw ahorow esiane ɔmanfo asetra mu biribiara a ɛbɛkɔ so pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛka nyamesom mu nneyɛe no, nokwasɛm biako wɔ hɔ a ɛtwe adwene kɛse: Ɛne sɛ ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔ nsɛm a ɛwom no nyinaa mu no, wɔn a [wɔn ho wom] no yɛ nyamesom kuw biako pɛ mufo . . . ’Yehowa Adansefo.’”

Ɔtaa Antumi Ansiw Adansefo no Kwan

Ɛdefi 1970 mu no, wɔama Yehowa Adansefo mmara mu mpeneso wɔ Spain, na sɛ́ anka na wɔyɛ 10,000 saa bere no mu no, mprempren, nnipa bɛyɛ 70,000 na wɔne asafo ahorow bɛyɛ apem no bɔ fekuw. Nkɔso a ɛte saa nso yɛ nokware wɔ United States. Bere a Ɔbenfo Cox ka ho asɛm (1930 kosi 1940 mfe no mu) no, na Adansefo bɛyɛ 40,000 kosi 60,000 na wɔwɔ United States na na wɔn a wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa nkabom yɛ bɛyɛ 115,000. Ɛnnɛ, Adansefo bɛboro 770,000 na wɔwɔ United States, na 3,400,000 na wɔwɔ wiase nyinaa asafo ahorow 55,000 mu. Ɔtaa antumi amma wɔn wiase nyinaa ntetee adwuma no annyae.

Sɛ Adansefo no hyia ɔtaa a, mmuae biako na wobetumi de ama: “Sɛ ɛteɛ Onyankopɔn anim sɛ yetie mo sen Onyankopɔn a, mommu ntɛn! Na yɛn de, yentumi, gye sɛ yɛka nea yɛahu na yɛate.”​—Asomafo no Nnwuma 4:19, 20.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Kratafa 27 mfoni]

Asennibea ahorow kae sɛ frankaa a wɔpow sɛ wobekyia nkyerɛ obu a wonni

[Kratafa 28 mfoni]

Ɔtemmufo Stone nkutoo na ogyinaa Yehowa Adansefo gyinabea no akyi wɔ 1940 mu Asennibea Kɛse no gyinaesi no mu

[Asɛm Fibea]

Office of the Curator, The Supreme Court of the United States

[Kratafa 29 mfoni]

Ɛdenam dodow abatow so no, saa atemmufo yi di maa Adansefo no wɔ frankaa kyia asɛm no mu

[Asɛm Fibea]

Office of the Curator, The Supreme Court of the United States