Ukuwohloka Kwemilinganiselo Yokuziphatha Kwande Ngokubanzi
Kuchaphazela Zonke Iinkalo Zebutho Labantu
IBUTHO labantu namhlanje alinayo imilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Iye yahlakazwa ziindlela ezininzi zokuphila. Abaninzi baqiqa ngolu hlobo: ‘Nayiphi na indlela yokuphila iyinguqulelo eyamkelekileyo. Ndinyamezele, nam ndiya kukunyamezela. Zenzele izinto zakho, nam ndakuzenzela ezam. Oxhel’ eyakhe akabuzwa. Zininzi iindlela onokuhamba ngazo, ibe nganye yazo ilungile; akukho nto iphosakeleyo. Akusekho nto isisono. Mela amalungelo akho. Ukukhalela phantsi akuyi kubazelwa iindlebe; ukuba ufuna ukuviwa nyusa isandi sakho ngokusebenzisa ugonyamelo. Ugonyamelo luyindlela yokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo. Unganeentlobano zesini nabani na omkhethayo nangayiphi na indlela othanda ngayo. Ukungcola kububugcisa. Phila ngendlela oyithandayo, nabanye ubayeke baphile ngabayithandayo.’
Okanye ‘ngaba ukuphila ngendlela oyithandayo nabanye baphile ngabayithandayo kuthetha ubomi okanye ukufa’? Phakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, abantu babekwazi kakuhle oko kulungileyo nokubi, oko kukukuziphatha okuhle nokukukuziphatha okubi, oko kuhloniphekileyo nokungenjalo—ibe abaninzi basakwazi. Kodwa kwabaninzi inguqulelo yaqala ebudeni beminyaka yee-1950 yaza yanda okomlilo wedobo emva koko. Zonke iingcamango ezingokulunga, ukuziphatha okuhle, intlonipho nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha zenziwa zabonakala zingekho ngqiqweni, zingabafanelanga abantu yaye zingamkelekanga. Iingcamango ezaqalisa ukulawula zabalaselisa ukukhathalela kwabantu iziqu zabo kuphela. Zabethelela imbono yokuba umntu ngamnye aphile ngokosukelo azimisele lona. Ngoku iimbono ezintsha ezamkelekayo zaziya kuba kukunyamezelana, ukungafani kwabantu nokungabagwebi abanye. Kule ntandabulumko intsha, akuvumelekanga ukubanqanda abanye.
Imiphumo eyintlekele yale ntandabulumko yaqhubeka ithabath’ unyawo de yamininzi kakhulu ngeyee-1980, yaye isaqhubeka isanda ngeyee-1990. Nazi iingxelo nje ezimbalwa zemiphumo eyintlekele, siqala ngentetho engemilinganiselo yokuziphatha eyanikelwa kwisiXeko saseNew York ngusekela-sihlalo womanyano kwinkomfa eyayixoxa ngemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kakuhle emisebenzini:
“Abantu bezobupolitika abanyanisekanga kwamanye amalungu abasebenza nawo. Abarhwebi bayabaqhatha abaxumi babo. Abaphathi beebhanki ezizii-S&L (savings and loan [ezigcina nezibolekisa ngemali]) bayawabhangisa amashishini abo aze loo matyala ahlawulwe ngemali yerhafu. Abashumayeli nabazabalazela ukuba ngabongameli abathembekanga kubafazi babo. Abantwana bayaqhatha kwiimviwo, yaye abaninzi bayaziphalaza kwaye benjenjalo nakwabanye ngokuzonakalisa ngeziyobisi nangolwaphulo-mthetho. . . . Isiqingatha sayo yonke imitshato siphelela kuqhawulo-mtshato. Amashumi amabini anesibini ekhulwini abo bonke abantwana abazelweyo namhlanje bazelwe ngaphandle kweqhina lomtshato, yaye umntwana omnye kwabathathu uya kube ephila nomzali womtshato wesibini ngaphambi kokuba abe neminyaka eli-18. Kucace mhlophe ukuba, ukuwohloka kwelungiselelo lentsapho kukhulu. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukubunjwa kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kuqala ekhaya—umntwana esemncinane—ngoko izizathu zokuwohloka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha zicacile.”—Vital Speeches of the Day kaSeptemba 1, 1990.
Ntsuku zonke amaphephandaba, amaphephancwadi, usasazo lweendaba, imifanekiso eshukumayo neenkqubo zikamabonwakude zibonisa ukuwohloka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yokwemvelo. Kwintetho yakhe kwiYunivesithi YaseChicago, usihlalo weChase Manhattan Corporation, wathi:
“Enoba utyhila okokuqala kumaphepha ezemidlalo, kwingxelo evela eWashington okanye kwicandelo lezoshishino, ubona okufanayo. Amaphepha ezemidlalo azele lugonyamelo lwamvanje lwabadlali bebhola abathengwayo ukuze bangafaki amanqaku, ukuncinwa kwamaqela abadlali bakwanokholeji ngokudala udushe neembaleki ezikudidi oluphezulu ezisebenzisa iziyobisi. Iindaba ezivela eWashington zingamatyala ezifungo zobuxoki, abagwebi bakwarhulumente babekwa izityholo, ukunyotywa kwabantu abakwizikhundla zaseburhulumenteni nezingomwisi-mthetho wamvanje ophantsi kokuncinwa yiKomiti Ejongene Nokuziphatha Kwamalungu Endlu Yabameli BaseMerika. Tyhila kwicandelo lezoshishino yaye uya kufumanisa kubhencwa urhwebo loondlela-mnyama nokufanayo.”—Vital Speeches of the Day ka-Agasti 1, 1990.
Le meko iyaqhubeka yaye iyazingisa kangangokuba abantu abasayikhupheli mehlo. Abantu abasothuswa zezi zinto zingamahlazo. Umhloli kwezemfundo osandul’ ukucatshulwa wagqabaza ngoku esithi: “Abemi abaninzi baseMerika abasacatshukiswa ziindaba ezingesinye isiganeko sokuwohloka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Imiguvela ebanjiweyo ayisengabo oomalahlwa-nofele. Ingabantu abagqalwa bebalulekile. Imenyelwa kumatheko abantu abakumgangatho ophakamileyo. Ibhala ezona ncwadi zithengwa kakhulu.”
UIvan Boesky weWall Street waqukumbela intetho yakhe awayeyibhekisa kubafundi besikolo sezoshishino ngokuphakamisela iingalo zakhe phezu kwentloko yakhe zisenza u-“V” omela uvictory (uloyiso) waza wathi, “Kwanga ukubawa kungaphumelela!” Kamva ukubawa kwakhe kwamkhokelela ekurhwebeni ngoondlela-mnyama, yaye wasiwa enkundleni, wafunyaniswa enetyala, wadliwa imali waza waphoswa entolongweni. Wadliwa imali engama-R275 ezigidi, kodwa waba nako ukugcina engaphezu kwewaka lezigidi zeerandi. UMichael Milken, enye indoda eyaqhathayo eWall Street, wadliwa imali eli-R1 650 ezigidi ngokuthengisa kwakhe iibonds zamashishini asesichengeni sokubhanga ngamaxabiso abonakala ephantsi—wayezuze phantse imali engako ngonyaka! Wakwazi ukusala nemali engama-4 000 ezigidi zeerandi.
Iphephandaba i-Industry Week lapapasha inqaku elalinomxholo owawuphakamisa lo mbuzo, “Ngaba Ubani Unokuyityeshela Imilinganiselo Yokuziphatha Aze Aphumelele Kushishino?” Umcebisi waseUtah wacinga ukuba imilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwezoshishino iye yamibi gqitha waza wathi: “Kuphando lwam ndifumanise ukuba okukhona usomashishini esiba nempumelelo, kokukhona esiba nemikhwa emibi.” Umphathi weshishini waseMichigan wathi: “Sinayo imithetho ephathelelene nemilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kodwa abaphathi abakumgangatho ophakathi bayayityeshela loo mithetho ngokuqiqa ngolu hlobo, ‘Oko asikokuziphatha okubi, yindlela nje elula yoshishino.’” Umphathi weshishini waseMiami uvakalisa intlungu esithi: “Imilinganiselo yokuziphatha iphelelwa lixabiso ngokukhawuleza; ingeniso yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ingakhathaliseki indlela ezuzwa ngayo.” Abanye oosomashishini bebengqale ngakumbi kwaye bathi: “Nayiphi na into yamkelekile,” watsho njalo omnye. Omnye wongezelela la mazwi achuliweyo: “Umgaqo wethu ukukuba ukuba unako ukuyenza into ethile ungabhaqwa, yenze.”
Asingoosomashishini kuphela abanegalelo ekuwohlokeni kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha okuhle. Isimo sengqondo esitshabalalisa imilinganiselo yokuziphatha okuhle siye sasasazeka kuzo zonke iinkalo zebutho labantu. Amagqwetha amaninzi anobuqhetseba kunokuba abe ngahlonela umthetho. Izazinzulu ezininzi gqitha zizithob’ isidima ngokuziphatha kakubi nokuqhatha ukuze zifumane inkxaso karhulumente. Oogqirha abaninzi gqitha bazuza udumo lokuba nomdla omkhulu emalini kunakubaguli—yaye inkoliso yabaguli ababanyangayo izama iindlela zokwenza izimangalo ngokuphathwa kwabo kakubi.
Abamelwane abavisisani ngenxa yempembelelo yeziyobisi, ulwaphulo-mthetho namadabi amaqela eendlobongela. Ukungathembeki emtshatweni kuyazonakalisa iintsapho. Abantwana abancinane baba ngamaxhoba okuxhatshazwa ngokwesini, kuquka ukusetyenziswa kwabo kwimiboniso engamanyala. Iintlobano zesini kwabeshumi elivisayo zibangela ukukhulelwa, ukuqhomfa neentsana ezingakhathalelwayo. Abantu abathengisa iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni baye bangena nasezikolweni. Abantwana besikolo baphatha iimela nemipu, yaye amandla abo okufunda ayaphela. Olona qeqesho luluncedo koku ngabazali ababafundelayo abantwana babo, kodwa ngokufuthi abazali baxakeke gqitha yimisebenzi yokuziphilisa okanye babandakanyeke gqitha kusukelo lokufuna ukuziyolisa.
Ushishino lomculo lunegalelo ekuwohlokeni kokuziphatha okuhle, oku lukwenza ngokukhethekileyo ngamaqela athile adlala umculo werock onesingqi esinamandla ngokugqithisileyo. Umcebisi kwezoshishino wathi: “Umculo werock uye waba nguthunywashe omkhulu wokubhengeza nokusasaza ingcamango yezenzo zesini eziqhelekileyo nezingenamlinganiselo nokusetyenziswa ekuhleni kweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Kwakhona umculo werock ubuyimpembelelo enamandla ekubangeleni ukudelwa kwabazali, abantu abadala nemigaqo yoluntu echaseneyo nendlela yokuphila ngokuziphatha kakubi ngokwesini nokusebenzisa iziyobisi.”
Olunye usukelo lwawo kukucaphukisa, ukothusa nokutsala ingqalelo ngeengoma ezivakalisa ubukrwada, uburhabaxa, ukungcola namanyundululu alizothe nalihlazo, azele ntli kukuphathwa kakubi kwamabhinqa. Ukwenziwa kweentlobano zesini emlonyeni nasezimpundu kuchazwe ngeendlela ezininzi, kukhuthazwa ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwesini, ukuzonwabisa ngokudlwengula nogonyamelo ngokokude amalungu esini ebhinqa onzakaliswe—akukho sithintelo kuko konke ukungcola okuzukiswayo. Xa elinye iqela lomculo werock lancinwa enkundleni yamatyala ngenxa yokungcola, unjingalwazi weDuke University walizukisa njengelifundileyo nelikrelekrele ibe wayithethelela imigangatho yalo yokungcola njengefanelekileyo kwezomculo. Inkundla yamatyala yavuma, igqiba kwelokuba ezo ngoma zazingangcolanga kodwa zazikukunongwa komculo.
Ubungqina obufanayo bokuwohloka kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha kwibutho labantu sisibakala sokuba kunyaka ophelileyo enye yeealbham zomculo ezithetha ngokungcola okungaqhelekanga “kwathengiswa amacwecwe ayo amaninzi (angaphezu kwesigidi) kwiiveki ezintathu ikhululiwe ngokokude ibe yenkqenkqeza kwisikhundla sokuqala. Oko kuthetha ukuba okwangoku iseyeyona nto idumileyo kushishino lwezomculo.” Amagama abizwa ngawo la maqela omculo werock ayavumelana neengoma eziculwayo: “Kukho ubuncinane amaqela omculo ali-13 athiywe ngamalungu esini sendoda, ama-6 athiywe ngamalungu esini ebhinqa, ama-4 athiywe ngedlozi, asi-8 athiywe ngokuqhomfa yaye elinye lithiywe ngesifo selungu lesini sabafazi.”—U.S.News & World Report.
Unjingalwazi weBoston University wagqabaza oku ngomboniso waseMapplethorpe: “Oko ndikubonile kwiZiko Lobugcisa Bale Mihla eBoston. Apho, njengakuyo nayiphi na indawo, imifanekiso yayicwangciswe ngokungathi kunjalo, ngokwamacandelo. Imifanekiso ‘ekuzotywe kuyo izinto ezimbi’ . . . yayibonisa izinto ezingamanyala ezicaphukisayo njengoko ubani esenokucinga. Andazi enoba ‘yayiyeyobufanasini,’ kodwa yayiyimifanekiso eyayibonisa izenzo mna ebendicinga ukuba zazingenakwenziwa ngumntu, ndingasathethi ngokuzinandipha.” Umbandela wokungcola kwalo mboniso waphicothwa enkundleni, ibe inkundla yamatyala yagqiba kwelokuba ukungcola kwawo kwakububugcisa. Asibobugcisa, ngokuqinisekileyo kukuziphatha okubi, yaye bubungqina bokukhukuliseka okungakumbi kwemilinganiselo yokuziphatha yokwenyaniso kubadlali nakubabukeli.
Sifanele sibe nemida. Sifuna imigaqo yokuzinzisa izinto. Sifuna imilinganiselo esinokusebenzela kuyo. Sifuna ukubuyela kumthombo wokwemvelo wemilinganiselo yokwenyaniso yokuziphatha.