Ukubawa—Kusichaphazela Njani?

UKUBAWA kutshabalalisa ubomi bezigidi. Kuthoba umgangatho wobuntu kwababawayo kuze kubangele intlungu nosizi kumaxhoba ako. Ebomini bakho usenokuba uva imiphumo ebuhlungu yokubawa. Kwanobusela nje obuqhelekileyo obenziwa ezivenkileni bubangela ukunyuka kwamaxabiso aloo nto uyithengayo. Ukuba umvuzo wakho uphantsi yaye ixabiso lezinto ezisisiseko akukwazi ukulifikelela, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ulixhoba lomntu othile obawayo.

Indlala Nokufa

Izinto ezithandwa sisizwe esibawayo ziphazamisa imigudu karhulumente yokunceda ngokunempumelelo amahlwempu. Emva phaya ngowe-1952, ingcali yenzululwazi nokutya okunesondlo uMhlekazi uJohn Boyd Orr wathi: “Oorhulumente bakulungele ukumanyanisa uluntu nobuncwane ukulungiselela imfazwe yehlabathi kodwa Amagunya Amakhulu akakulungelanga ukumanyana ukuze aphelise indlala nobuhlwempu ehlabathini.”—Food Poverty & Power, nguAnne Buchanan.

Kambe ke, lukho uncedo oluncinane olunikelwayo. Kodwa buyintoni ubomi bokwenene kumahlwempu, angakhathalelwayo nangawona maninzi kubemi behlabathi? Ingxelo yakutshanje idize ukuba phezu kwako nje ukongezeleleka kokutya okuveliswayo kweminye imimandla, “inxele likaKhetsekile nokungondleki kusaluthwaxa uninzi lwabahlwempuzekileyo ehlabathini . . . Isinye kwisihlanu [ngaphezu kwewaka lesigidi] sabantu behlabathi lulala lungayifumananga into esiwa phantsi kwempumlo yonke imihla.” Le ngxelo ihlabela mgama isithi: “Ukongezelela, bangamawaka amabini ezigidi abantu ababandezelekayo ‘ngenxa yokungondleki’ . . . nokunqongophala [kokutya] nto leyo esenokukhokelela kukuphazamiseka okunzulu.” (Developed to Death—Rethinking Third World Development) Ngokuqinisekileyo la manani afanele abe ziindaba eziphambili!

Amakhoboka

Izigebenga eziphambili kulwaphulo-mthetho zizenza izityebi ngokucinezela amaxhoba azo nabantu ngokubanzi. Iziyobisi, ugonyamelo, ubunongogo nokuxhaphaza kwezoqoqosho kukhoboza izigidi. Kwakhona, uGordon Thomas kwincwadi yakhe ethi Enslaved uthi: “Ngokutsho kweAnti-Slavery Society, kuthelekelelwa ukuba kukho amakhoboka azizigidi ezingama-200 ehlabathini. Anokuba zizigidi ezili-100 kuwo ngabantwana.” Yintoni unobangela oyintloko woku? Le ngxelo iyacacisa: “Umnqweno wokwenza abantu amakhoboka useyinto ephambili ebantwini . . . [Ubukhoboka] bubangelwa kukunyoluka, kukubawa nokuthanda igunya.”

Abanamandla bahlutha abasweleyo nabangakwaziyo ukuzikhusela baze babulale abaninzi. “Kwizigidi ezibini zamaIndiya awayehlala eBrazil xa umntu omhlophe wokuqala wafikayo, mhlawumbi ngamakhulu amabini amawaka ngoku aphilayo.” (The Naked Savage) Ngoba? Isizathu esiyintloko kukubawa.

Umsantsa Okhulayo Phakathi Kwezityebi Namahlwempu

IThe New York Times yanikela ingxelo yokuba uJames Gustave Speth, ongumphathi kwiUnited Nations Development Program, wadiza ukuba “abantu abavelayo abakumgangatho ophezulu kumhlaba wonke . . . bafumba ubutyebi obuninzi yaye baba negunya elingakumbi, ngoxa bengaphezu kwesiqingatha abantu abashiyw’ enyanyeni.” Lo msantsa uyingozi phakathi kwezityebi namahlwempu ubonakaliswa ngakumbi ngala mazwi akhe: “Sisenabantu abangaphezu kwesiqingatha kwesi sijikelezi-langa abafumana umvuzo ongaphantsi kwe-$2 [R9] ngosuku—abantu abangaphezu kwamawaka amathathu ezigidi.” Waleka umsundulo ngelithi: “Kubantu abangamahlwempu kweli hlabathi lineendidi ezimbini zabantu, kukhula ukungabi nathemba, nto leyo ebangela umsindo, nokudana.”

Ukungabi nathemba kongezelelwa sisibakala sokuba abaninzi ababonakala bemi kakuhle abanaluvelwano namfesane ngezihlwele zabo bathwaxwa bubuhlwempu nalinxele likaKhetsekile.

Amaxhoba okubawa akho kuzo zonke iindawo. Ngokomzekelo, khangela, ukudideka okubonakala emehlweni eembacu ezibanjiswe kumzabalazo wokufuna igunya eBosnia, eRwanda, naseLiberia. Khangela ukuthi shwaca kobuso babo balambileyo phakathi kwihlabathi elinezinto eziyintabalala. Yintoni ebangela yonke le nto? Kukubawa—ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo!

Unokuphila njani xa ungqongwe ziintshaba ezibawayo kwimekobume enobutshaba enjalo? Amanqaku amabini alandelayo aza kuwuphendula lo mbuzo.