Khusela Umntwana Wakho Ezingozini

NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! ESWEDEN

UHANNA, ophantse abe neminyaka emithathu ubudala, wayenabazali bakhe, uKarl-Erik noBirgitta, njengoko babecoca indlu yommelwane osandul’ ukufa. Emva kwethuba, uHanna waphuma egumbini ephethe ibhotile yeyeza ngesandla. Wayesele esele inxalenye yalo. Ehlola ibhotile, uBirgitta wothuka wabanda. Yayiyibhotile yeyeza lentliziyo lommelwane.

Ngokukhawuleza, uHanna wasiwa esibhedlele, apho walala kwicandelo labagula kakhulu ngobo busuku. Phezu kwako nje ukusela iyeza elininzi elalinokwenzakalisa impilo yakhe naphakade, akazange enzeke nto. Ngoba? Ngenxa yokuba wayetye isidudu esiphekiweyo kanye ngaphambi kokuba asele elo yeza. Inxalenye yetyhefu yafunxwa sidudu, esaphuma xa wahlanza.

Amava kaHanna asinto ingaqhelekanga. Mihla le, amawaka abantwana emhlabeni wonke ajamelana neengozi ezenza kube yimfuneko ukuya kwagqirha okanye esibhedlele. Nyaka ngamnye umntwana om-1 phakathi kwabasi-8 eSweden ufumana unyango lwezamayeza emva kwengozi. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba ungumzali, kukho amathuba angakumbi okuba into efanayo ingenzeka nakumntwana wakho.

Asinto ingaqhelekanga ukuba abantwana ngokufuthi bonzakale kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo, njengasekhaya nakufuphi nalo. Uhlobo abonzakala ngalo luyatshintsha njengoko bekhula. Imveku ingawa ngokulula xa itshintshwa inapkeni okanye itsarhwe kukutya okanye into nje encinane exinge emqaleni wayo. Ngokufuthi abantwana abaselula bayawa xa begwencela okanye batshe okanye basele ityhefu xa bephatha okanye bengcamla izinto abanokufikelela kuzo. Ngokufuthi abantwana besikolo bayonzakala kwiingozi zeenqwelo-mafutha okanye xa bedlala ngaphandle.

Uninzi lwezi ngozi zingathintelwa. Ukuhlala nje ukhangele nokwazi inqanaba lokukhula komntwana wakho, kunokunceda ukuthintela ukwenzakala okanye iingozi ezibulalayo. Oku kuye kwangqinwa lucwangciso olulungiselelweyo lokukhuseleka komntwana olwaluqhutywa eSweden ukususela ngowe-1954. Ngaphambi kwelo xesha, abantwana abangaphezu kwama-450 babesifa nyaka ngamnye kwiingozi. Namhlanje, kunyaka ngamnye inani lihlile laya kwabanokuba ngama-70.

Endlwini

Isazi ngengqondo yabantwana uKerstin Bäckström sithi: “Akunakuze ufundise umntwana ononyaka, iminyaka emibini okanye iminyaka emithathu ubudala ukuba aphephe ingozi uze ulindele ukuba akukhumbule oko.” Ngenxa yoko, imbopheleleko ikuwe njengomzali ukunceda umntwana wakho aziphephe iingozi—okanye kwabanye abantu abadala umntwana ahlala nabo ngamathuba athile.

Okokuqala, khawuqwalasele ikhaya lakho. Sebenzisa uludwe olulungiselelweyo kwibhokisi esecaleni. Mhlawumbi amacebiso ezokhuseleko akakho kuwo onke amazwe okanye akafumaneki ngexabiso elisengqiqweni. Sekunjalo ngobukrelekrele nje nangokucinga, usenokucinga ngezicombululo eziya kusebenza kwiimeko zakho ezikhethekileyo.

Ngokomzekelo, ukuba unemiqheba kwiidrowa zekhabhathi, ungazitshixa ngokufaka ukhuni kwimiqheba. Ilungiselelo elifanayo lingasebenza kucango lweoveni. Iingxowa zeplastiki azinabungozi kangako ukuba uyazibopha xa uzigcinile.

Mhlawumbi unokucinga ngezinye iindlela ezilula zokuthintela iingozi phakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya yaye unokwabelana nazo ezi nabahlobo bakho nabantu oqhelene nabo abanabantwana abancinane.

Ngaphandle

Hlola iindawo umntwana wakho adlala kuzo. Inkoliso yabantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka emine ubudala bonzakala xa bedlala ngaphandle. Bayawa yaye bayazonzakalisa okanye mhlawumbi bawe kwibhayisekile yabo. Ezona ngozi zibulalayo ngaphandle ebantwaneni abaphakathi kweminyaka emithathu nesixhenxe ubudala ziingozi zenqwelo-mafutha nezokutshona emanzini.

Xa uhlola indawo yokudlala, hlola ukuze ubone enoba izinto zikwimeko entle ukuze umntwana angazonzakalisi xa ezisebenzisa. Ngaba indawo phantsi koojingi, iindawo zokugwencela, nezixhobo ezifana nezo zinezinto ezithambileyo, njengesandi, ukuze umntwana angazonzakalisi xa esiwa?

Ngaba kukho amaqula amanzi okanye imisinga kufuphi nekhaya lakho? Kuphela ziisentimitha nje ezimbalwa ezingabangela ukuba umntwana ononyaka okanye iminyaka emibini ubudala atshone. Isazi ngengqondo yomntwana uBäckström sithi: “Xa umntwana omncinane esiwa ejonge phantsi emanzini, akazi enoba kuphi phezulu okanye ezantsi. Umntwana akasakwazi ukuphakama kwakhona.”

Ngoko ke, owona mgaqo usisiseko ngulo: Ungaze uvumele umntwana ophakathi konyaka neminyaka emithathu ubudala adlale yedwa phandle ngaphandle kweliso lomntu omdala. Ukuba kukho amanzi amaninzi kufuphi, linda de umntwana abe mdala ngokwaneleyo ngaphambi kokuba umvumele adlale phandle ngaphandle kweliso lomnye umntu.

Apho Kukho Iinqwelo-mafutha

Kukwayinto efanayo xa kukho iinqwelo-mafutha kufuphi nekhaya lakho. UBäckström uthi: “Umntwana ofunda isikolo sabasebancinane uqonda nje izinto ezimbalwa yaye unikela ingqalelo kwinto enye ngexesha. Kodwa kunzima ukuqonda iinqwelo-mafutha nemiyalelo edidayo.” Musa ukuvumela umntwana wakho anqumle isitrato yedwa ngaphambi kokuba abe kubudala bokuya esikolweni. Ngokutsho kweengcali, abantwana abagqalwa beqolile ngokwaneleyo ukuqhuba iibhayisekile bebodwa phakathi kweenqwelo-mafutha eziphithizelayo de ubuncinane babe neminyaka eli-12 ubudala.

Fundisa umntwana wakho ukusebenzisa umnqwazi oqinileyo wokhuseleko xa eqhuba ibhayisekile, etyibilika ngezihlangu ezinamavili, okanye etshebeleza ngesileyi. Kunzima ukunyanga umntu owenzakele entloko yaye usenokonzakala angaze aphole—okanye afe! Kwenye ikliniki yabantwana, abangama-60 ekhulwini labo banyangiweyo emva kweengozi zebhayisekile babonzakele entloko nasebusweni, kodwa abo babesebenzisa umnqwazi oqinileyo wokhuseleko abazange bonzakale kakhulu entloko.

Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba umntwana wakho ukhuselekile xa ehamba ngenqwelo-mafutha. Amazwe amaninzi anemithetho efuna ukuba abantwana abancinane baqhoboshe amabhanti okuzikhusela enziwe ngokukhethekileyo kwizihlalo ezikhuselekileyo. Oku kuye kwawunciphisa gqitha umlinganiselo wokonzakala nokufa phakathi kwabantwana ababandakanyeke kwiingozi zenqwelo-mafutha. Ukuba izihlalo ezikhuselekileyo ziyafumaneka apho uhlala khona, ukuzisebenzisa kunokukhusela ubomi bakho. Kodwa qiniseka ukuba zezo zamkelekileyo. Phawula ukuba izihlalo zeemveku zahlukile kwezo zabantwana abasusela kwiminyaka enokuba mithathu ubudala.

Abantwana bethu bazizipho ezixabisekileyo ezivela kuYehova, yaye sifuna ukubanyamekela ngazo zonke iindlela. (INdumiso 127:3, 4) Njengabazali abalungileyo, uKarl-Erik noBirgitta bebesoloko bexhalabele ukukhusela abantwana babo—ngaphambi nasemva kwesi siganeko sikaHanna. UKarl-Erik uvuma ngelithi: “Kodwa kakade ke besilumke ngakumbi emva kwesi siganeko.” UBirgitta uqukumbela ngelithi: “Ngoku sinabazukulwana, yaye sisoloko siqiniseka ukuba amayeza ethu atshixelwe.”

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Ukhuseleko Ekhayeni Lakho

• Amayeza: Wagcine apho umntwana angenako ukufikelela khona kwikhabhathi etshixiweyo. Ngokufanayo namayeza afumaneka ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha namayeza emvelo. Kwakhona, cela undwendwe ukuba lugcine amayeza alo ekude nabantwana.

• Imichiza yasekhaya: Yigcine apho umntwana angenako ukufikelela khona kwikhabhathi etshixwayo. Yigcine kwiibhotile zayo ukuze kube lula ukuyibona. Zilumkele ezi zinto ngamaxesha onke njengoko uzisebenzisa, uze usoloko uzibuyisela kwindawo yazo, enoba uza kuphuma nje ixesha elifutshane. Ungaze ushiye intlenge yamachiza okuhlamba kumatshini wakho wokucoca.

• Isitovu: Hlala ujongise imiqheba yeepani ngaphakathi esitovini. Ukuba iyafumaneka, fakela into yokukhusela iipani. Faka into esitovini eza kwenza ukuba singaqethuki hleze umntwana agwencele kumnyango ovuliweyo weoveni. Umnyango weoveni ufanele ukwazi ukutshixwa. Ngaba umntwana angazitshisa ngokubamba ucango lweoveni? Ngoko ke, faka izinto zokukhusela ukuze angabambi ucango olutshisayo.

• Izixhobo zasekhaya eziyingozi: Iimela, izikere, nezinye izinto eziyingozi kufanele zigcinwe kwiikhabhathi okanye kwiidrowa ezitshixwayo okanye ekungelula ukuzivula okanye zigcinwe apho umntwana angenako ukufikelela khona. Xa usebenzisa izixhobo ezinjalo yaye uzibeke okwexeshana ecaleni, zibeke kude nasekupheleni kwetafile okanye kwekhawuntara, apho umntwana angenako ukufikelela. Imicinga neengxowa zeplastiki zikwazizinto eziyingozi kubantwana abancinane.

• Izinyuko: Faka amasango, malunga neesentimitha ezingama-70-5 ubude, kumacala omabini ezinyuko.

• Iifestile neengcango zeveranda: Zifake izinto zokukhusela abantwana okanye amatyathanga phezulu okanye ezinye izinto zokukhusela ezithintela umntwana ukuba azivule okanye athubeleze kuzo xa zivuliwe ukuba kungene umoya kwigumbi.

• Amathala eencwadi: Ukuba umntwana uyathanda ukugwencela nokujinga kwizinto, amathala eencwadi nenye ifenitshala ende wabethelele eludongeni, ukuze angawi.

• Iindawo ekuhlonyelwa kuzo umbane neentambo zombane: Iindawo ekuhlonyelwa kuzo ezingasetyenziswayo zimele zitshixwe ngesitshixo. Iintambo zezibane ezihlala phezu kwetafile nezinto ezinjengezo zifanele zincanyathiselwe edongeni okanye kwifenitshala ukuze umntwana angatsali isibane size simbethe. Kungenjalo, zisuse izibane ezinjalo. Ungaze ushiye iayini kwibhodi yokuayina, yaye ungashiyi intambo ijinga.

• Amanzi ashushu: Ukuba unokukwazi ukuliguqula iqondo lamanzi akho ashushu, linciphise libe ngama-50 ngokukaCelsius ukuze umntwana angatshi ukuba uvula itepu.

• Izinto zokudlala: Zilahle izinto zokudlala ezinemiqukumbelo okanye iikona ezibukhali. Zilahle izinto zokudlala ezincinane okanye izinto zokudlala ezinokwenziwa zibe ncinane, kuba zinokumbangela omiwe umntwana ukuba uzifaka emlonyeni. Amehlo neempumlo zoonopopi bomntwana zifanele ziqiniswe. Fundisa abakhuluwa noodade balo abadala ukuba bazisuse izinto zokudlala ezincinane xa usana luhleli phantsi.

• Iilekese namashwamshwam: Musa ukushiya iilekese namashwamshwam, njengamandongomane okanye iilekese eziqinileyo, apho kulula ukuzifikelela. Zingaxinga emqaleni womntwana.

[Inkcazelo]

Umthombo: The Office of the Children’s Ombudsman

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 22]

Xa Kunokwenzeka Ingozi

• Ityhefu: Ukuba umntwana uginye ityhefu, makaxukuxe umlomo ngokucokisekileyo uze umnike iglasi okanye ezimbini zamanzi okanye ubisi ukuze asele. Emva koko, biza ugqirha okanye iziko elinenkcazelo ngeetyhefu ukuze ufumane icebiso. Ukuba umntwana ungenwe yinto eyingozi emehlweni, ngokukhawuleza lihlambe ngamanzi amaninzi ubuncinane kangangemizuzu elishumi.

• Ukutsha: Ukuba utshe nje kancinane, loo ndawo itshileyo yithobe ngamanzi abandayo (angabandi kakhulu) ubuncinane imizuzu engama-20. Ukuba ukutsha kungaphezulu kunentende yesandla somntwana okanye utshe ebusweni, ekudibaneni kwelungu okanye ezantsi kwesisu okanye kumalungu esini, ufanele umse umntwana kwigumbi longxamiseko. Ukonzakala kakhulu kwisikhumba kumele kusoloko kunyangwa ngugqirha.

• Ukomiwa: Ukuba kukho into exinge kuqhoqhoqho womntwana, kubaluleke gqitha ukuba loo nto uyikhuphe ngokukhawuleza. Enye indlela ephumelelayo onokuyisebenzisa yinkqubo ekuthiwa yiHeimlich maneuver. Ukuba akuyazi, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane inkcazelo engakumbi ngale nkqubo, okanye uye kwisifundo sokunceda abantwana xa bonzakale okanye ezoncedo lokuqala apho ifundiswa khona le nkqubo.

[Inkcazelo]

Umthombo: UMbutho WeRed Cross WaseSweden

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 23]

Ukunxiba umnqwazi wokukhusela webhayisekile

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 23]

Ukukhuseleka kwisihlalo senqwelo-mafutha