Indongomane LikaMacadamia—Ukutya Okuthandwayo KwaseOstreliya
ISAZI ngezityalo uWalter Hill waqwalasela umncedisi wakhe oseyidyongo exhalabile. Le nkwenkwe yayigqiba kutya amandongomane omthi osandula ukufunyaniswa okhula kumahlathi ashinyeneyo anganeno kweleenjiko kumzantsi-mpuma weQueensland eOstreliya. Lo kaHill wayeve ukuba la mandongomane anetyhefu. Kodwa le nkwenkwe ayizange igule okanye isweleke. Kunoko, yafumanisa ukuba la mandongomane amnandi. Ngoko lo kaHill wawangcamla waza naye wavuma ukuba amnandi. Emva koko, waqalisa ukuthumela iimbewu zamandongomane kamacadamia kubahlobo bakhe nakwezinye izazi ngezityalo ehlabathini lonke.a
Namhlanje, emva kweminyaka emalunga ne-150, la mandongomane kamacadamia ayathandwa ehlabathini lonke—ibe afanele. Iphephandaba iChronica Horticulturae lithi: “Imacadamia igqalwa njengelona ndongomane limnandi ngenxa yencasa yalo ekhethekileyo, ukuba kram-kram kwalo nombala walo ofana nekhrim.” Akumangalisi ke ngoko ukuba amandongomane kamacadamia abe kokona kutya kuthandwayo kwizinto ezityaliweyo eOstreliya!
Indongomane Ekunzima Ukuliqhekeza
Imithi esoloko iluhlaza yemacadamia ixhaphakile ngakunxweme lwasempuma nganeno kweleenjiko eOstreliya. Iintlobo ezimbini kwezisithoba zale mithi zinamandongomane atyiwayo anamakhasi anefibre ngaphandle; iqokobhe elingqukuva elinombala omdaka nepete elingana nepetyu nenombala ofana nekhrim.
Kodwa ke, kunzima ukuqhekeza iqokobhe lawo.b Abemi bomthonyama abahlala emagqagaleni babewaqhekeza ngamatye. Umphathi wesitiya uJohn Waldron wayesebenzisa ihamile nesikhandelo. Esebenzisa ezi zixhobo waqhekeza amandongomane amalunga nezigidi ezisibhozo kwiminyaka engama-50. Ngaba oomatshini babenokuwenza lo msebenzi? Oomatshini bakudala babengasebenzi kakuhle kuba babeyonakalisa ipete. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha kwenziwa oomatshini abasebenza kakuhle.
Enye ingxaki yayiyimveliso yamandongomane. Xa etyaliwe amandongomane omthi omhle adla ngokuvelisa iimbewu ezingekho ntle. Yaye imigudu eyenziwayo yokumilisela ayizange iphumelele. Bejongene nezi ngxaki, abantu abalima ngenjongo yokuthengisa bakhe bathi xha—de abantu baseHawaii bayilungisa le ngxaki. Ngabo abeza nesicombululo. Ngenxa yoko, babethengisa ama-90 ekhulwini amandongomane kamacadamia ehlabathini lonke. Ayothusi into yokuba aphinda abizwa ngokuba ngamandongomane aseHawaii.
Ngeminyaka yee-1960 abantu abakhulisa izityalo eOstreliya “bezimisele ukuyithengisa imacadamia,” besebenzisa izinto abazifunda eHawaii. Ngenxa yoko, imveliso iye yahambela phambili ukusa kwinqanaba lokuba iOstreliya ngoku ivelise malunga nama-50 ekhulwini amandongomane kamacadamia ehlabathini lonke. Ayalinywa naseAfrika, eAsia nakuMbindi Merika.
Ukutyelela Ifama EseOstreliya
Umbhali kaVukani! watyelela uAndrew onefama yamandongomane kamacadamia ekufutshane nedolophu iLismore eseNew South Wales. UAndrew uthi: “Sityala iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zemacadamia ukuze zixubane.” Umbhali kaVukani! wafumanisa ukuba malunga nama-80 ekhulwini kwimithi ezizigidi ezininzi etyalwe eOstreliya ikhethwe ngabalimi baseHawaii. Noko ke, abalimi baseOstreliya ngoku basebenzisa iimbewu zemacadamia zasehlathini ukuze bavelise iintlobo zasekuhlaleni eziphuculiweyo.
Xa ujonga imithi ubona amandongomane amaninzi ajingayo anjengeebhola ezincinane kumahlamvu angabuniyo. Amandongomane avuthwa emva kweenyanga ezintandathu aze awele phantsi emhlabeni. Siphawula ukuba amanye amandongomane awe phantsi aba nemingxuma. UAndrew uthi: “Iimpuku zinokwenza imingxuma kwiqokobhe ngemizuzwana nje esibhozo. La mandongomane athandwa naziihagu zasendle.” Njengokuba sihamba, uAndrew ukhaba indongomane eliphantse lagqunywa ngumhlaba. Encumile uthi: “Oku kuza kusongela iisenti ezintathu.” Amafama amaninzi avuna amandongomane esebenzisa umatshini okhethekileyo onomgqomo neplastiki yokuqokelela amandongomane awileyo. Emva koko la mandongomane asuswa amakhasi, akhethwe aze asiwe kumzi-mveliso ukuze asuswe iqokobhe, akalwe aze athunyelwe kubantu abaza kuwathenga.
Anencasa Yaye Anempilo
Njengokuba sasigqibezela utyelelo lwethu, sasisitya iipeta—zinencasa yaye zimuncis’ intupha. Kodwa ngaba amandongomane kamacadamia anempilo? Ingxelo karhulumente ngamandongomane kamacadamia ithi, ioli ekula mandongomane (ioli eninzi) “ingaphezulu kunamanye ngama-72 ekhulwini, mlinganiselo lowo ongoyena mninzi kumandongomane aneoli.” Ngokutsho kohlolisiso lwakutshanje ukutya umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wamandongomane kunokunciphisa icholesterol nehigh blood pressure.
La mandongomane adla ngokufakwa kwitshokolethi, kumaqebengwane nakwi-ice cream. Abanye bawathanda eqhotsiwe, efakwe ityuwa okanye bawatya enjalo. Enoba anjani, abantu abaninzi baquqa bebuyelela kuwo.
[Imibhalo esemazantsi]
a Kwiminyaka eliqela ngaphambi koko, uCunnningham (1828) noLeichhardt (1843) ababengabakhenkethi bawaqokelela la mandongomane kamacadamia, kodwa bawabeka nje bengawazi ukuba ayintoni. Ngowe-1857, isazi ngezityalo uFerdinand von Mueller waseMelbourne owayesebenza nalo kaHill, wathiya olu hlobo lwamandongomane ngoMacadamia, igama lomhlobo wakhe uGqr. John Macadam.
b Iqokobhe lendongomane likamacadamia liqinile kangangokuba naxa sele ligutyiwe linokusetyenziswa ekukhuhleni iindawo eziqinileyo.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 23]
AMAQOKOBHE AWO ASETYENZISELWA UMBANE
Amaqokobhe aqinileyo endongomane likamacadamia anamafutha aphantse alingane nawamalahle anombala omdaka. Ngoko, enye inkampani yombane yaseOstreliya isebenzisa amakhasi alahliweyo ukuze ivelise umbane. Le nkampani yeyokuqala eOstreliya isebenzisa inkunkuma ukuze ivelise umbane yaye iza kukhula njengoko abalimi bamandongomane besanda.
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 23]
Nyaka ngamnye abalimi baseOstreliya batyala amawakawaka emithi
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 23]
All photos pages 22 and 23: Australian Macadamia Society