Ngaba Ubusazi?

Ngubani Ukumkani UAhaswerosi wasePersi ekuthethwa ngaye kwincwadi yeBhayibhile kaEstere?

▪ Ngokutsho kwencwadi kaEstere, uAhaswerosi ukhetha intombazana yomYuda ukuba ibe ngukumkanikazi wakhe, yaye ikhusela abantu bakowayo kwilinge lokubulawa. Kangangexesha elide, bezimane zisiwa ngokuwa izimvo zokuba wayengubani kanye kanye lo kumkani uAhaswerosi wasePersi. Kubonakala ukuba le ngxaki yalungiswa ngokuthi kuqondwe intsingiselo yemibhalo ebhalwe ngeelwimi ezintathu kwilitye lesikhumbuzo lasePersi. Le mibhalo iyawacima amathandabuzo okuba uAhaswerosi wayenguArtashashta I, unyana kaDariyo Omkhulu (Hystaspis). Indlela elibonakala ngayo igama lika-Ahaswerosi kumatye akroliweyo asePersi, xa liguqulelwa kwisiHebhere liphantse lifane ngokupheleleyo nendlela elivela ngayo kwincwadi yesiHebhere kaEstere.

Yonke into ekwincwadi kaEstere ephathelele uAhaswerosi iyavumelana noko kubhalwe kweli litye lesikhumbuzo. Ukususela kwikhomkhulu lakhe iSusa (iShushan), e-Elam, obu bukhosi basePersi babulawula namaMedi, umhlaba wabo uqala eIndiya ukuya kuthi xhaxhe kwiziqithi zeMeditera. (Estere 1:2, 3; 8:9; 10:1) Umphengululi uLewis Bayles Paton uthi: “Yonke le nto ithethwayo ngoArtashashta iyinyaniso, akukho wumbi ukumkani wasePersi, ochazwe ngale ndlela achazwe ngayo uAhaswerosi kwincwadi kaEstere evumelana nengxelo ka-Artashashta ebhalwe sisazi ngembali uHerodotus nezinye izazi ngembali zamaGrike.”

Bubuphi ubungqina obubonisa ukuba izitena zazisenziwa kwiYiputa yamandulo?

▪ Incwadi yeBhayibhile ye-Eksodus ithi amaYiputa ayewenzisa izitena amakhoboka awo angamaHebhere. Amakhoboka kwakufuneka enze inani eliqingqiweyo lezitena suku ngalunye esebenzisa udaka lodongwe neendiza.—Eksodus 1:14; 5:10-14.

Ukwenziwa kwezitena ezomiswe ngelanga ngakumlambo umNayile yangumsebenzi obalulekileyo ngamaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile. Izakhiwo zamandulo ezazakhiwe ngazo zisekho nanamhla oku eYiputa. Umzobo wenkulungwane ye-15 B.C.E. okwingcwaba likaRekhmire eliseThebhes, owayephila ngexesha lokubhalwa kweziganeko ezikwiEksodus, ziyichaza kakuhle le nkqubo.

IThe International Standard Bible Encyclopedia iyichaza ngale ndlela into eboniswa kulo mfanekiso: “Amanzi akhiwa emlanjeni, emva koko kuxovwa udaka ngegaba luze olo daka luyokufakwa kwifolomo. Emva koko ifolomo iyakhutshwa esiteneni ukuze somiswe lilanga. Kwakusenziwa imiqolo ngemiqolo yezitena zize xa zomile zipakishwe zilungele ukusetyenziswa. Le iseyindlela ezenziwa ngayo izitena nanamhla oku kwiMpuma Ekufutshane.”

Amaxwebhu ahlukahlukeneyo ewaka lesibini Ngaphambi Kwexesha Eliqhelekileyo abhekisela koku kwenziwa kwezitena ngamakhoboka, kusetyenziswa iindiza nodaka lodongwe, nenani lezitena eliqingqiweyo alindeleke ukuba umntu alenze suku ngalunye.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 22]

Umfanekiso welitye eliqingqiweyo ka-Artashashta (emile) kunye nokaDariyo Omkhulu (ehleli phantsi)

[Inkcazelo]

Werner Forman/Art Resource, NY

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 22]

Iinkcukacha zomfanekiso okwingcwaba likaRekhmire

[Inkcazelo]

Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY