Ukuqwalasela Imibala Namalaphu Awayekho Ngamaxesha Okubhalwa KweBhayibhile

EBHAYIBHILENI sifumana iimbekiselo ezininzi zendlela yokunxiba, imibala, nezinto eyayisenziwa ngazo impahla eyayinxitywa ngabantu ababephila kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo.

Kakade ke, iBhayibhile asiyoncwadi yefashoni neendlela zokunxiba. Nakuba kunjalo, iinkcukacha ezinjalo eziseBhayibhileni zenza iziganeko ekuthethwa ngazo zibe yinto yokwenene engqondweni yomfundi.

Ngokomzekelo, sifunda ngesinxibo esasenziwe ngamagqabi omthi ababezenzele sona uAdam noEva ukuze bagqume ubuze babo. Kamva sathatyathelwa indawo sesinye abasenzelwa nguThixo—esomelele ngakumbi “izambatho ezinde zezintsu.”—Genesis 3:7, 21.

Kwakhona sinengxelo eneenkcukacha ekwiEksodus isahluko 28 nesama-39 ethetha ngesinxibo sombingeleli omkhulu wakwaSirayeli. Zaziquka impahla yangaphantsi yelinen, umwunduzo omhlophe, umbhinqo, isambatho esiluhlaza esingenamikhono, iefodi eyolukiweyo nobengo olunenkcenkce ekhazimlayo yegolide. Ngokuva nje indlela ezichazwe ngayo nendlela ezilungelelaniswe ngayo izinto zokusenza siba nomfanekiso opheleleyo wendlela esifanele ukuba sasisihle ngayo esi sinxibo.—Eksodus 39:1-5, 22-29.

Indlela awayenxiba ngayo umprofeti uEliya yayisenza kubelula ngabantu ukumqonda: “Yindoda enesambatho soboya, ebhinqe ibhanti lethwathwa esinqeni sayo.” Kumakhulu eminyaka kamva, abanye abantu babecinga ukuba uYohane uMbhaptizi nguEliya, mhlawumbi indlela yokunxiba yabo yayifana.—2 Kumkani 1:8; Mateyu 3:4; Yohane 1:21.

Amalaphu Nemibala IBhayibhile Inembekiselo ezininzi ngokuphathelele impahla eyayinxitywa, imibala, idayi , ukusonta, ukuphotha nokuthunga.a Awona malaphu ayesetyenziswa yayiyiwulu eyenziwe ngoboya bezilwanyana zasekhaya nelinen evela kwisityalo iflakisi. UAbheli kwakusithiwa “ngumalusi wezimvu.” (Genesis 4:2) Ukuba uAbheli wafuya igusha ngenxa yoboya bazo, iBhayibhile ithule. Kuqala ukuthethwa ngelinen eBhayibhileni xa kuchazwa impahla uFaro awayinxibisa uYosefu ngenkulungwane ye-18 Ngaphambi Kwexesha Eliqhelekileyo. (Genesis 41:42) IBhayibhile ayithethi ngomqhaphu njengento eyayisetyenziswa ngamaYuda ukwenza impahla, kodwa yayisetyenziswa kwakude kudala kumazwe aseMbindi Mpuma.

Zombini iflakisi newulu zazivelisa amalaphu amahle awayedityaniswa ukuze enze iirhali ezingalinganiyo ngobukhulu. Ezi rhali zaziphothwa zibe lilaphu. Iirhali nala malaphu zazidaywa zibe yimibala eyahlukahlukeneyo. Emva koko ilaphu lalisikwa ukuze lilingane loo mntu uza kulinxiba. Impahla yayisenziwa ngamalaphu olukiweyo, zazihonjiswa ngeerhali ezimibalabala ezisenza isambatho sibe sihle size sibe semgangathweni.—ABagwebi 5:30.

Umbala oluhlaza, omsobo nongqombela kusoloko kuthethwa ngayo eBhayibhileni njengedayi zamalaphu. AmaSirayeli ayalelwa ukuba “afake umtya oluhlaza emphethweni wesondo” ukuze uwakhumbuze ngolwalamano olukhethekileyo awayenalo noYehova uThixo. (Numeri 15:38-40) Amagama esiHebhere utekheʹleth, uhlobo oluthile lombala oluhlaza no’ar·ga·manʹ, ngokuqhelekileyo oguqulelwa ngokuthi “omfusa,” yayiba yimibala ekwimpahla yombingeleli omkhulu neyayisetyenziselwa ukuhombisa izinto ezisemnqubeni nasetempileni.

Intente Yokuhlangana Nempahla Yetempile Intente yokuhlangana eyayisentlango—kamva netempile eyayiseYerusalem—yayisisazulu sonqulo lokwenyaniso samaSirayeli. Kuyaqondakala ukuba kwachazwa iinkcukacha ezininzi eBhayibhileni xa kwakulungiselelwa impahla yentente yokuhlangana netempile kaSolomon. Ukongezela kwimpahla nakwimibala, sifumana iinkcukacha ngokuphathelele, ukuluka, ukudaya, ukuthunga amalaphu okugquma intente nemidiyadiya.

Phantsi kokhokelo nolwalathiso lobuthixo, amagcisa aphum’ izandla uBhetsaleli no-Oholiyabhi, kunye namanye amadoda nabafazi, ngokuthembeka benza umsebenzi omhle, intente yokuhlangana ekufanelekelayo ukuba kunganqulelwa kuyo uYehova. (Eksodus 35:30-35) Kwisahluko 26 se-Eksodus, izinto zokwakha intente yokuhlangana zichazwa ngokweenkcukacha. Ngokomzekelo, intente yabo ebanzi yayalukwe “ngelinen ecikizekileyo ephothiweyo nangemisonto eluhlaza nangoboya obudaywe bamfusa bubomvu nangomchako omfusa.” Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uninzi lwale mpahla baphuma nayo eYiputa xa ayefuduka. Kwanikelwa ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kwikhuselo elimibalabala elalineekherubhi yaye lisohlula ‘iNgcwele neYona Ngcwele’ ngaphakathi ententeni. (Eksodus 26:1, 31-33) Ezi nkcukacha zaphinda zachazwa ngendlela efanayo kwabo babesenza amalaphu etempile eyayiseYerusalem, ngaphantsi kolwalathiso lukaKumkani uSolomon.—2 Kronike 2:1, 7.

Ngokusuka kwiinkcukacha eziseBhayibhileni, sinokubona ukuba amaHebhere amandulo ayenobuchule bokusebenzisa izinto awayenazo. Apha asiboni mfanekiso wabantu ababenxiba impahla engacacanga, kodwa ngabantu ababenxiba impahla enemibala eyahlukahlukeneyo, ngezihlandlo ezithile, ngokwamaxesha onyaka nangokweentsiba zomninimzi.

IBhayibhile isixelela ukuba amaSirayeli anikwa ilizwe elihle, “ezweni eliqukuqela ubisi nobusi.” (Eksodus 3:8; Duteronomi 26:9, 15) Njengoko babenqula uYehova, ayenandipha iintsikelelo zakhe. Ubomi babumnandi nabantu bonwabile yaye banelisekile. Ngokomzekelo, iBhayibhile isixelela oku: “UYuda noSirayeli baqhubeka behleli ngonqabiseko, wonk’ ubani phantsi komdiliya wakhe naphantsi komkhiwane wakhe, ukusuka kwaDan kuse eBher-shebha, yonke imihla kaSolomon [uKumkani].”—1 Kumkani 4:25.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi/Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 26, 27]

Iwulu neLinen

Ngamaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile, iigusha zazifuyelwa ubisi noboya bazo. Kwiigusha nje ezimbalwa, umfama wayenokukwazi ukufumana uboya obaneleyo bokwenzela intsapho yakhe impahla. Ukuba uneegusha ezininzi obunye wayenokubuthengisa kubantu basekuhlaleni abenza amalaphu. Ezinye iidolophu neelali zazinabantu bazo abenza amalaphu. Kwakude kudala, ukucheba igusha yayinxalenye yemisebenzi eyayisenziwa minyaka le ngabantu.—Genesis 31:19; 38:13; 1 Samuweli 25:4, 11.

ILinen, ilaphu lokwenza impahla eyayithandwa, lalisenziwa ngemicu yesityalo seflakisi. (Eksodus 9:31) Esi sityalo sasivunwa xa sele siza kugqiba ukukhula. Sasisomiswa elangeni size emva koko sifakwe emanzini ukuze sithambe. Emva kokuba somisiwe, sasibhulwa ukuze imicu yaso yahlulahlulwe emva koko iyaphothwa ukuze kwenziwe impahla. Abasebukhosini namagosa aphezulu ayekhetha impahla eyenziwe ngelinen.

[Umfanekiso]

Isityalo seflakisi esomisiweyo ngaphambi kokuba sifakwe emanzini

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 27]

Ukuphotha

Umcwe omnye—njengoweflakisi, wewulu okanye woboya bebhokhwe—uethe-ethe yaye mfutshane kakhulu ukuba ungasetyenziswa. Ngenxa yoko kuye kuphothwe imicu emininzi, ukuze kuveliswe irhali enobukhulu nobude obufanelekileyo. Xa iBhayibhile ithetha ngomfazi ofanelekileyo ithi: “Uzibeka entongeni yokuluka izandla zakhe, yaye izandla zakhe zibamba intonga yokusonta.” (IMizekeliso 31:10, 19) Apha kuchazwa indlela yokusonta, usebenzisa intonga yokuluka nentonga yokusonta, ezi ziintonga nje eziqhelekileyo.

Kwesinye isandla ibhinqa liphethe intonga yokuluka ethandelwa ngemicu. Ngesinye isandla, uthatha le micu aze ayiphothe ibe yirhali, emva koko uyiqhinela kwintonga yokusonta. Kwelinye icala lentonga yokusonta line idiski ebizwa ngokuba yiwhorl. Njengoko emane ehlisa enyusa le ntonga, imicu iyaphotheka ibe yirhali enobukhulu obufunekayo. Ngoku le rhali ibhijelwa kwintonga yokuluka njengaxa kubhijelwa irhali kwibhobhile, yaye le nkqubo iyaphinda phindwa de le micu ikwintonga yokuluka ibe ngumtya omde olungele ukudaywa okanye ukulukwa.

[Ibhokisi/Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 28, 29]

Ukudaya

Emva kokusonta nokucoca irhali eyenziwe ngewulu nangeflakisi—okanye ilaphu elilukiweyo—liya daywa libe yimibala eyahlukahlukeneyo. Xa ilaphu lifakwa edayini ngokuphindaphindiweyo umbala ugqama ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokuba ibiza kakhulu, idayi eseleyo iyagcinwa ukuze iphinde isetyenziswe. Emva kokuba ilaphu lidayiwe lalisomiswa elangeni.

Idayi yabantu bamandulo yayingaphum’ empahleni kuba yayisenziwa ngezinto ezingambatshisiyo ezithatyathwe kwizilwanyana nakwizityalo. Ngokomzekelo, idayi emthubi yayisenziwa ngamagqabi ezityalo ezithile nangamaxolo esiqhamo serharnathi yona idayi emnyama yayisenziwa ngamaxolo omthi werharnathi. Idayi ebomvu yayifunxwa kwiingcambu zesityalo okanye kwizinambuzane. Idayi ezuba yayithathwa kuhlobo oluthile lwentyatyambo. Xa kuxutywa imibala ethatyathwe koonokrwece yayinokuvelisa imibala eyahlukahlukeneyo njengomsobo, ozuba nongqombela.

Kwakufuneka oonokrwece abangaphi xa kudaywa ilaphu? Ekubeni unokrwece omnye wayenokuvelisa intwana encinane yedayi, ngoko ke, ngokutsho kolunye uphando, kwafuneka malunga nama-10 000 oonokrwece ukuze kuveliswe idayi emsobo enokudaya ingubo enye yasebukhosini. Ebudeni bolawulo lukaKumkani uNabhonidas waseBhabhiloni, iwulu edaywe ngedayi emsobo kuthiwa yayibiza ngaphezulu kangangezihlandlo ezingama-40 kune wulu edaywe ngeminye imibala. Ekubeni iTire yamandulo yayiyiyo evelisa le dayi inexabiso eliphezulu, umbala omsobo wabizwa ngokuba ngowaseTire.

[Imifanekiso]

Iqokobhe lukanokrwece

Idayi emfusa eyafunyanwa eTel Dor, kwasIrayeli ngenkulungwane yesi-2 okanye eyesi-3 B.C.E.

[Inkcazelo]

Iphulo laseTel Dor

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 29]

Ukuluka

Kusetyenziswa isixhobo esimile okomgubasi xa kusenziwa amalaphu okwenza impahla nezinye izinto. Apha iirhali ziya xananaziswa ngokobude bazo zize ezinye ziphingelwe kwezo zixananazileyo.

Esi sixhobo sokuluka esasisetyenziswa ngamaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile, sasibekwa phantsi emgangathweni okanye simiswe nkqo. Xa simiswe nkqo, kwakubotshelelwa iintsinjana ezinzima emacaleni. Ezi ntsinjana zamandulo ziye zafunyanwa kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwaSirayeli.

Ukuluka yayingumsebenzi wasekhaya kodwa kwezinye iilali kwakusenziwa ilima. Ngokomzekelo, kweyo-1 yeziKronike 4:21, sifumana imbekiselo ‘yabendlu abasebenza ngelaphu elicikizekileyo,’ ebonisa ukuba lo yayingumbutho wabantu abasebenza ngelaphu.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 26, 27]

“Nangemisonto eluhlaza nangoboya obudaywe bamfusa bubomvu.”—Eksodus 26:1