ICawa YamaKatolika ESpeyin—Igunya Nelungelo
“Inkosi yalunikezela kuPetros ulawulo kungekhona olweCawa kuphela kodwa nolwehlabathi liphela.”—UPopu Innocent III.
XA UINNOCENT III wabhala loo mazwi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-13, iCawa yamaKatolika yamaxesha aphakathi yayifikelele kwincopho yegunya layo. Kodwa indlela esa ekufumaneni igunya lokwexeshana yayihlahlwe lumanyano lwezobupolitika kunomanyano lokomoya. Akukho ndawo ekwakunjalo kuyo ngaphezu kwaseSpeyin.
Icawa yaseSpeyin yazixhakamfulela igunya nelungelo ngokusebenzisana noRhulumente.
Umanyano Olungokonqulo Lusisixhobo Sobupolitika
Ngowe-1479, emva kweenkulungwane kulawula ookumkani abahlukeneyo nabonakeleyo, phantse lonke elaseSpeyin lamanyana phantsi kolawulo lukaFerdinand noIsabella. Kodwa sasiza kumanyaniswa njani ngengcinga nangenjongo esi sizwe sisandul’ ukuyilwa? UFerdinand wafuna uncedo lwecawa. Ngowe-1478 iNkundla yaseRoma yokuNcina amakholwa yasekwa ngokuxhaswa ngupopu. Ngoku, ilawulwa ngukumkani ibe iyeyecawa, yangqineka isesona sixhobo sinamandla esakha sayilwa ukuze icinezele abakreqileyo elunqulweni nakwezobupolitika. Onke amaKatolika aseSpeyin abhaptiziweyo ezithobe ngokukhawuleza kwidyokhwe yayo, ekuphela komqobo othintela umanyano owawusele yayizizigidi ezininzi zababengabhaptizwanga—amaYuda neeMoors.
Ngowe-1492, phantsi kwengcinezelo yomNcini Jikelele uTorquemada, uFerdinand noIsabella bayalela ukugxothwa kwabo bonke abo bangamaYuda angabhaptizwanga eSpeyin. Kwiminyaka elishumi kamva, zonke iiMoors ezazingavumanga ukuba ngamaKatolika zagxothwa. Imonki egama linguBleda yayichaza le mfuduko yesinyanzelo yamaSilamsi ‘njengesona siganeko sizukileyo eSpeyin ukususela ngexesha laBapostile.’ Wongezelela wathi: “Kungoku nje umanyano lonqulo lunqabisekile, yaye ngokuqinisekileyo ixesha lendyebo liza kuqalisa.” ILa España Católica (iSpeyini, yobuKatolika) yathi yaba yinto yokwenene, ibe ngenxa yokuhlonelwa kwabo uPopu Alexander VI wabiza uIsabella noFerdinand ngokuba “ngabaLawuli abangamaKatolika.”
Njengoko umanyano lonqulo lwaluphunyezwa ekhaya, icawa yaseSpeyin yayenza banzi imida yayo. Ngenkxaso yolawulo lwaseSpeyin, uColumbus wayesandula nje ukufumana imihlaba emitsha neentlanga ezikwelaseMerika. Zipheleka aboyisi baseSpeyin, iimonki ezingabalandeli bakaDominica nezingabalandeli bakaFrancis zahamba ngenqanawa ukuya eMerika, zizimisele ukuzisa abahedeni ecaweni.
UCortés, owoyisa iMexico, waxelelwa ukuba injongo ephambili yephulo lakhe yayikukukhonza uThixo nokusasaza inkolo yobuKristu. Noko ke, ngokuphandle wavuma esithi: “Ndizele igolide.” Mhlawumbi inkoliso yaboyisi baseSpeyin yayineentshukumisa ezintlu-mbini, ezifana nezo zavakaliswa ngomnye wabo: “Apha sizele ukukhonza uThixo kwanokufuna ubutyebi.”
Ngaphambi kokuqalisa ukoyisa ummandla othile, aboyisi baseSpeyin bafunda ngokuvakalayo uxwebhu olwalunomxholo othi Los requisitos—besiva okanye bengeva abemi belizwe—elalisithi kwakufuneka abemi belizwe bayigqale icawa njengaleyo yayilawula ihlabathi nokuba ukumkani waseSpeyin wayengummeli wayo. Ukwala ukukwamkela oko kwakusisizathu esaneleyo sokugqala ukusekwa kwamathanga ngezigalo ‘kuyimfazwe yobulungisa.’
Izigidi zabemi zabhaptizwa, uninzi lwazo ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba zoyisiwe. Emva koko, abefundisi neemonki basebenzisana nabalawuli baseSpeyin ekulawuleni amathanga. Kunjengokuba umbhali-mbali wecawa uPaul Johnson waphawulayo esithi: “ICawa yamaKatolika yayilisebe likarhulumente waseSpeyin, ibe yayinjalo kanye kwanaseMerika. . . . Ngembuyekezo, iCawa yayifuna ukukhuselwa, ilungelo, nokuzinikela okungaxengaxengiyo nokusemagqabini kwinkolo yobuOthodoki.”
Ngaloo ndlela, ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-16, icawa yaseSpeyin yayiyeyona cawa inegunya lobuzwe kwiNgqobhoko. Yayilulawula ngokupheleleyo unqulo kulo lonke elaseSpeyin nakwinxalenye enkulu yaseMerika. Kodwa igunya nelungelo elingaqhelekanga eyalinandiphayo ngokungaphephekiyo lakhokelela ekubeni ilisebenzise kakubi ngendlela ecace ngakumbi kunakwamanye amazwe.
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 5]
“Apha sizele ukukhonza uThixo kwanokufuna ubutyebi”