Ukuncipha Kwamahlathi, Ukunyuka Kwamaqondo Obushushu
UKUTSHATYALALISWA kwamahlathi akweleenjiko. Igreenhouse effect (ukufudumala komoya ojikeleze umhlaba). Ezi ngxaki zimbini ngokufuthi kuthethwa ngazo njengezihambisanayo. Yaye oko kwenziwa ngesizathu esifanelekileyo: Eyokuqala inceda ukubangela eyesibini. Njengoko uluntu lutshisa, lugawula, luze lutshabalalise imimandla emikhulu yamahlathi ukuze lwenze iifama zokufuya iinkomo, iindlela namadama okuvelisa umbane ngamanzi, amahlathi akhupha ikharbhon eninzi abeyigcinile ize ingene kumoya ojikeleze umhlaba. Ikharbhon diokside ebangelwa koku ngomnye nje kwimimoya emininzi ebangela ukuba umoya ojikeleze umhlaba ugcine ubushushu, ngaloo ndlela ufudumeza umhlaba ngokuthe ngcembe.
Iingxelo zakutshanje ezikhutshwe ziZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zityhila ukuba zombini ezi ngxaki zisenokuba zimbi kakhulu kunokuba bekucingwa ngaphambili. Ngokomzekelo, iingcaphephe ngemozulu ezingaphezu kwama-300 ezisuka ehlabathini lonke ngoMeyi 1990 zakhupha isilumkiso sokuba umlinganiselo wamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi lonke wawuya kunyuka ngamaqondo ama-2 kwiminyaka engama-35 elandelayo nangamaqondo ama-6 ngokukaCelsius ekupheleni kwenkulungwane elandelayo ukuba umntu akawulungisi lo mkhwa.
Oku kuya kuba yeyona nguquko imangalisayo yakhe yenzeka kumlinganiselo wamaqondo obushushu emhlabeni kwiminyaka engamawaka alishumi, zitsho njalo izazinzulu. Ngoxa igreenhouse effect ibiyimbambano enkulu phakathi kwezazinzulu, iThe Washington Post ithi: “Izazinzulu ezabhala le ngxelo . . . zathi yayibonisa ukuvumelana okuphawulekayo phakathi kwamakhulu ezazinzulu ngokuqhelekileyo eziphikisanayo.”
Kwangaxeshanye, ingxelo ebizwa ngokuba yiWorld Resources 1990-91, yaqikelela ukuba umhlaba ulahlekelwa ngamahlathi awo akweleenjiko ngokukhawuleza kangangama-50 ekhulwini kunokuba uqikelelo lwangaphambili lwaye lwabonisa. Umlinganiselo odityanisiweyo wokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi kumazwe asithoba—eAsiya, eAfrika naseMzantsi Merika—waphindaphindeka kathathu ebudeni beminyaka yee-1980! Owehlabathi liphela, ngokutsho kwale ngxelo, uphakathi kweehektare ezizizigidi ezili-16 ukuya kwezingama-20 zamahlathi akweleenjiko atshatyalaliswayo nyaka ngamnye.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi sele kuwenza umonakalo. Ngokomzekelo, i-International Wildlife iphawula ukuba kumahlathi ashinyeneyo ehlabathi kuhlala iindidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana ubuncinane ezizizigidi ezihlanu yaye mhlawumbi xa zininzi ziba zizigidi ezingama-30—“ezininzi lee kunezo ziphila kuwo onke amanye amahlathi edityanisiwe.” Zonke ezi ndidi zahlukahlukeneyo zezityalo nezilwanyana enyanisweni ziphela ngokuphela. Abathandi beentaka abathile abahlala kwiimozulu ezisemantla sele beqalisile ukuphawula ukuba iintaka ezifika ngamaxesha athile zisuka kumahlathi akweleenjiko ziya zinqongophala ngokunqongophala.
EMadagascar izityalo ezinokuba ngama-80 ekhulwini kwizityalo ezivelisa iintyatyambo azifumaneki naphi na kwenye indawo kwesi sijikelezi-langa; esinye sazo, irosy periwinkle, sisetyenziselwa ukwenza elona yeza libalulekileyo lokulwa nomhlaza. Kanti, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha samahlathi aseMadagascar sele sitshatyalalisiwe.
Ngokwenene umntu ‘uyawonakalisa umhlaba’ kule mihla yokugqibela, njengoko iBhayibhile yabonisayo kude kudala ukuba uya kwenjenjalo.—ISityhilelo 11:18.
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 27]
Abril Imagens/Joâo Ramid