Amahlathi Ashinyeneyo—Ngubani Oya Kuwasindisa?
NABANI na ofuna ukucombulula ingxaki yamahlathi ashinyeneyo umele aqale acombulule isizekabani sayo. Kodwa siyintoni isizekabani sale ngxaki? Le ngxaki ayibangelwa kukwanda kwabemi. Ukutya okufumaneka kwimihlaba echumileyo kunokwanela bonke abantu abakhoyo emhlabeni—nditsho nabangakumbi.
Eneneni, abanye oorhulumente baxhalatyiswa kukubona ukuba iifama zivelisa intabalala yokutya, nto leyo ebangela ukuhla kwamaxabiso. Bambi oorhulumente bade bakhuthaze amafama ukuba enze iifama zawo iindawo zolonwabo, njengeendawo zokugxumeka iintente, amabala egalufa okanye imiyezo yezilwanyana.
Ngoko yintoni ebangela ukuba kutshatyalaliswe amahlathi? Sifanele sikhangele esona sizekabani sale ngxaki kunokujonga nje izizathu esele sizikhankanyile.
Isizekabani Sokutshatyalaliswa Kwamahlathi
Kwanangaphambi kokuba abemi bande ngolu hlobo, oorhulumente abaninzi babesele bewatshabalalisa amahlathi befuna amandla nobutyebi. Ngokomzekelo, phantsi koBukhosi baseBritani kwagawulwa imithi emininzi ukuze kwakhiwe iinqanawa yaye oko kwabangela ukuba aphele tu amahlathi om-oki eBritani namahlathi eteak eBurma naseThailand. Obu bukhosi batshabalalisa namahlathi aseIndiya xa babufuna iinkuni zokubasa xa kutshiswa isinyithi. Amanye amahlathi agawulwa xa kwakufunwa indawo yokulima irabha, ikofu nekoko.
Noko ke, emva kwemfazwe yehlabathi yesibini ukusetyenziswa kweesarha zombane kwenza kwaba lula ukugawula amahlathi. Amahlathi amaninzi agawulwa kufunwa ubutyebi okanye ingeniso yohlobo oluthile.
Iinkampani ezinkulu zathenga imihlaba echumileyo zaza zayilima ngoomatshini bezi mini zijonge ukwenza ingeniso ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokuphelelwa yimisebenzi, amawaka abantu basemaphandleni bafudukela ezidolophini. Noko ke, abanye babo bakhuthazwa ukuba bafudukele kwiindawo ezinamahlathi ashinyeneyo. Kwakudla ngokuthiwa ezo ndawo “ngumhlaba wabantu abangenandawo yokuhlala.” Xa abantu bebona indlela ekunzima ngayo ukulima kuloo mihlaba, kudla ngokuba sele kophulwe—sele kugawulwe inxalenye enkulu yehlathi.
Kwakhona, ubuqhetseba beziphatha-mandla bube negalelo ekutshatyalalisweni kwamahlathi amaninzi. Ukufumana iphepha-mvume lokugawula kubiza imali eninzi. Ngoko iziphatha-mandla ezinganyanisekanga ziye zavuma ukunyotywa, zaza zanika oosomashishini abangakukhathalele ukulondolozwa kwendalo amaphepha-mvume okugawula kula mahlathi.
Noko ke, esona sisongelo kwizinto eziphila kula mahlathi asikokugawulwa kwemithi, kodwa kukwenziwa kwawo iindawo zokulima. Ukwenziwa kwamahlathi iindawo zokulima kunokuthetheleleka phantsi kweemeko ezithile, njengaxa umhlaba uchumile. Kodwa iziphatha-mandla ezinobuqhetseba okanye ezingenalwazi zidla ngokuvuma ukuba kugawulwe amahlathi angenakuphinda abuyele kwimeko yawo yesiqhelo.
Nezaphuli-mthetho zinegalelo ekutshatyalalisweni kwamahlathi. Abantu abagawula ngokungekho mthethweni bagawula kwanemithi exabisekileyo, kwanaleyo ifumaneka kwiipaki zikarhulumente. Maxa wambi bagawula imithi baze benze amaplanga kwalapho ehlathini—nto leyo edala umonakalo omkhulu nengekho mthethweni. Kudla ngokuqeshwa abahlali beengingqi ekugawulwa kuzo ukuba bathuthe le mithi ngeebhayisekile okanye bayithwale emagxeni. Yaye ukuze abaqhubi beelori ezinkulu bangabonwa, bathutha loo mithi ngobusuku besebenzisa iindlela ezifihlakeleyo ezinqumla ezintabeni.
Ngoko ukutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi nezinto eziphila kuwo akubangelwa kukwanda kwabemi. Kudla ngokubangelwa kukungaphathwa kakuhle kwala mahlathi, ukuba ngoongxow’ ayizali koosomashishini, ulwaphulo-mthetho nobuqhetseba obenziwa ziziphatha-mandla. Ekubeni kunjalo, ngaba likho ithemba ngezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo eziphila kumahlathi ashinyeneyo?
Ngaba Likho Ithemba Ngamahlathi Ashinyeneyo?
Incwadi ethi The Cutting Edge: Conserving Wildlife in Logged Tropical Forest ithi: “Ambalwa amahlathi ashinyeneyo alondolozwayo.” Yalek’ umsundulo ngelithi: “Okwangoku, ambalwa kakhulu (ukuba akho) amahlathi alondolozwa ngendlela ephumelelayo.” Amahlathi anako ukulondolozwa, kodwa inyaniso kukuba ayatshatyalaliswa ehlabathini lonke.
Kuthiwa amahlathi aseBolivia ngawona alondolozwayo kuba kumahlathi ashinyeneyo alapho kulondolozwa angama-25 ekhulwini. Noko ke, amahlathi ashinyeneyo alondolozwayo ehlabathini lonke angaphantsi nakwisinye ekhulwini—yaye elo nani liphantsi ngendlela eyothusayo. Inkoliso yamahlathi ashinyeneyo igawulwa ngabantu abangenankathalo. Ezona zinto zibangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwala mahlathi kukuzingca nokubawa. Ngaba sifanele silindele ukuba oosomashishini nabezobupolitika balwe nokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi baze banikele ingqalelo ekulondolozweni kwawo nezinto eziphila kuwo?
Incwadi ethi Forests of Hope ithi abantu bafanele babe nolu sukelo: “Ukuphila ngendlela eza kwanelisa wonke umntu kuze kungonakaliswa umhlaba kutshatyalaliswe nezinto eziphila kuwo.” Olu lusukelo oluhle—kodwa ngaba luyafikeleleka?
UMdali wethu wayenayiphi injongo ngomhlaba nabantu? Wayalela isibini sokuqala: ‘Nize niwuzalise umhlaba niwoyise, nibe nobukhosi kwiintlanzi zolwandle nakwizidalwa eziphaphazelayo emazulwini nakuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezinambuzelayo emhlabeni.’ (Genesis 1:28) UThixo uyavuma ukuba abantu bayisebenzise indalo. Kodwa ‘ukuba nobukhosi’ akuthethi ukuba abantu banelungelo lokuwonakalisa umhlaba.
Ngoko umbuzo ngulo, Ngaba abantu banako ukutshintsha isimo sengqondo sabo ehlabathini lonke baze ‘bangawonakalisi umhlaba nezinto eziphila kuwo’? Oku kuthetha ukuba bafanele babe nothando ngabamelwane babo baze babe nentlonelo ngendalo kaThixo, kodwa ezi zinto zinqabe okwezinyo lenkuku kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Ukuba nethemba lokuba iinkokeli zanamhlanje ziza kukhuthaza abantu ukuba babe nesi simo sengqondo liphupha.
Sekunjalo, iLizwi likaThixo lithetha ngexesha apho umhlaba uya kuzaliswa ngabantu abathandanayo nabamthandayo uMdali wabo. IBhayibhile ithi: ‘Abayi kwenzakalisa okanye bonakalise entabeni yam yonke engcwele; ngenxa yokuba umhlaba ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuzaliswa kukwazi uYehova njengamanzi egubungele ulwandle.’ (Isaya 11:9; INdumiso 37:29; Mateyu 5:5) Phawula ukuba abantu bakaThixo ‘abayi kwenzakalisa’ okanye ‘bonakalise’ ngenxa yokuba baya kube benolwazi ngoYehova uMdali Ozukileyo yaye bemthanda. Ngokuqinisekileyo abantu abanjalo baya kukuphepha ukonakalisa umhlaba.
Eli asilophupha. Kwanangoku, uYehova uqokelela aze afundise abantu abanyanisekileyo. Ngokufundisisa iLizwi likaThixo, izigidi ziye zafunda ukuba nothando lokuzincama ngabanye abantu. (Yohane 13:34; 1 Yohane 4:21) Injongo yokupapashwa kwalo lindixesha, kunye neqabane lakhe iMboniselo, kukunceda abantu bafunde okungakumbi ngolo thando baze balubonakalise. Sikukhuthaza ukuba uqhubeke ufunda. Ayikho enye into eyodlula leyo.
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 26]
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