Ukuhleba—Kutheni Kunomtsalane Nje?

NGESITSHAYINA yishén-tán; eFinland kuthiwa yijuoru; ngesiTaliyane yipettegolézzo; ngeSpanish yichisme. Ewe, ukuhleba kugqibe ilizwe lonke. Ngezinye iilwimi, ukuhleba kusenokuba nentsingiselo embi kuphela. Igama lesiXhosa elithi “ukuhleba” ngokusisiseko lithetha “incoko nje engenamsebenzi,” ukuncokola ngemicimbi eqhelekileyo.

Noko ke, okubangel’ umdla kukuba, igama lesiXhosa liye lafakelwa intsingiselo embi. Ngoko ngokufuthi igama elithi “ukuhleba” lilandelwa lelithi “okwenzakalisayo.” Oku kungenxa yokuba incoko engenamsebenzi idla ngokuguquka ibe yeyenzakalisayo okanye evus’ uqhushululu. Isenokude iguquke ibe kukunyoka okuphandle, okuye kwachazwa ngokuthi “ngamazwi obuxoki okanye ukudl’ izithende okungcolisa nokonakalisa udumo lomnye.” Ngoko, phantse ayimangalisi into yokuba umzekeliso wamandulo usithi: “Ukuhleba kuvelisa umsindo kanye njengoko iqinisekile into yokuba umoya wasentla uzisa imvula.”​—⁠IMizekeliso 25:​23, Today’s English Version.

Ngoko, ekubeni kukho lo monakalo okusenokuwubangela, ngokufuthi kutheni sikufumanisa kuthandeka kangaka, kunomtsalane kangaka nje ukuhleba? Ibe uyintoni umahluko phakathi kokuhleba okwenzakalisayo nokungenzakalisiyo?

Ukuhleba​—⁠Ukuphakelana Ngenkcazelo

Kukho isizathu esisisiseko sokuba abantu bahlebe: Abantu banomdla ebantwini. Kungokwemvelo ke ngoko ukuba, sityekele ekuthetheni ngabanye abantu. Kunjengokuba uMax Gluckman, ingcali ngentlalo yabantu, wakhe wathi: “Suku ngalunye, yaye phantse imini yonke, inkoliso yethu iyahleba. Ndithelekelela ukuba ukuba besinokugcina ingxelo yendlela esilichitha ngayo ixesha lokuvuka kwethu, ukuhleba bekuya kulandela emva ‘komsebenzi’​—⁠abanye bethu⁠—​baphololoza bangayeki.”

Xa kundilekile yaye kukokobubele, ukuncokola kusenokuba lithuba lokuphakelana ngenkcazelo ebalulekileyo, njengendlela yokuva iindaba ezintsha. Kusenokubandakanya izinto ezingatheni ezinjengokuba ngubani na otshatileyo, okhulelweyo noswelekileyo, okanye isenokuba kukuqhula nje okungatsarhiyo.

Noko ke, ngokufuthi incoko nje engenamsebenzi isenokugabadelela ngaphaya kokufanelekileyo nokuncoma. Izibakala ziyanongwa, zibaxwe okanye zigqwethwe. Ukuhlazisa kuba sisizeka-bani sokuqhula. Imicimbi yobuqu ithethwa kuwonke wonke. Kudizwa amahlebo. Kugalelw’ amanzi okanye konakaliswe udumo lwabanye. Izinto ezincomekayo zigqwaliswa kukukhalaza, ukukrokra nokuhlab’ amadlala. Ukuthi ibiyincoko nje akumenzi axole lowo kuthethwe ngaye. Ngaloo ndlela ukuhleba okuyingozi kuye kwathelekiswa nodaka oluphoswe kudonga olucocekileyo. Lusenokungahlali, kodwa lusoloko lushiya uphawu olumdaka.

Ukwamkeleka Kwabanye

Enye into ebangela ukuba sirhintyeleke ngokulula ekuhlebeni ngumnqweno wemvelo esinawo wokuthandwa nokwamkelwa ngabanye. Iingcali zezifo zengqondo uJohn Sabini noMaury Silver bathi, “Ngasizathu sithile, unyanzelekile ukuba uthethe; yaye ukuhleba yindlela entle, elula neyamkelwa ngokubanzi yokufeza loo mfanelo.” (Moralities of Everyday Life) Ngoko, ngokomlinganiselo othile ukuhleba kusetyenziswa njengendlela yokuhambis’ incoko, indlela yokuzenza wamkeleke.

Ingxaki kukuba abantu batyekele ekuhlekisweni ngakumbi yinkcazelo engeyonyaniso kuneyinyaniso. Kwaye abanye bathanda ukothuswa yebangel’ ivuso nebangel’ iintloni. Ngenxa yoko ukuhleba kukubangel’ ukuba unikelwe ingqalelo​—⁠kaloku zimnandi ngakumbi xa zivangwe ngokuthile okukhwankqisayo okanye okuhlazisayo. Kunqabile ukuba ubani axhalabele ukungqinela ezo zinto azithethayo nezothusayo.

Ukuhleba Koonondaba

Olu uhlobo lokuhleba lunomtsalane komnye umkhwa abanawo abantu​—⁠ukufun’ ukwazi okugqithiseleyo. Siyazithanda iimfihlelo. Siyakuvuyela ukuba nenkcazelo eyimfihlelo. Kwasekuqaleni kowe-1730, xa uBenjamin Franklin waqalisa ukubhala umhlathi othetha ngokuhleba kwiPennsylvania Gazette, kwaqondwa ukuba abantu baya kuyihlawulela intlebendwane.

Ukuhleba koonondaba kuyaqhubeka kukho​—⁠yaye kuyanda. EYurophu phantse izindlwana zokuthengisa amaphepha-ndaba ziphuphuma ngamaphepha-ndaba abalaselisa amabali eentsapho zakomkhulu, iintshatsheli zogqatso lweenqwelo-mafutha, nezinye iindedeba ezidumileyo zezizwe ngezizwe. Ngaloo ndlela elinye inqaku lephepha-ndaba lathi ukuhleba lishishini elingenisa intywenka yemali.

Kodwa ngaba kuzisa iingenelo ukuthi phithi kukufun’ ukwazi ngoko kuqhubekayo kwiingxingongo zamakhaya, kumagumbi okulala nakwiingqondo zabantu? Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba ukufunda nokuhlolisisa umbandela wokuvuselela iinkanuko zesini kuhlaziye? Ngokucacileyo, ukuhleba koonondaba kubabangele abantu abafun’ ukwazi batsib’ ilitye likaPhungela.

Amarhe Angenabunyaniso

Kwakhona amarhe angenabunyaniso nenkcazelo ephosakeleyo iye yaphembelela ukuhleba okuyingozi. Amarhe aye abangela ukoyika, ukufa neziphithiphithi. Ilahleko okube nayo nje kwezoshishino kuphela ayinakubalwa. Enye ivenkile yokutyela yachitha ixesha elingaphezu konyaka isilwa ulurhe lobuxoki lokuba iihamburger zayo zinemibungu. Inkampani edume ngokuvelisa izinto zesephu yachitha iminyaka​—⁠nezigidi zeerandi⁠—​izama ukuphelisa ulurhe lokuba uphawu lwequmrhu layo lwalungumqondiso kaSathana nolokuba nale nkampani yayibandakanyeke ngandlel’ ithile kunqulo lweedemon.

Noko ke, ngabantu abathi babe neentliziyo ezibuhlungu nabenzakaliswayo ngamarhe. Kanti, kuba amabali amangalisayo enomtsalane, abantu batyekele ekuwabhengezeni bengacingi nto kangako ngobunyaniso okanye ngemiphumo yawo.

Ukuhleba Okwenzakalisayo​—⁠Ukunyoka

Ngokufuthi umona nentiyo zizizeka-bani zolona hlobo luyingozi lokuhleba​—⁠ukuhleba okwenzakalisayo, okanye ukunyoka. Igama lesiGrike eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “umhlebi” lelithi di·aʹbo·los, gama elo eBhayibhileni eliguqulelwe ngokuthi uMtyholi. (ISityhilelo 12:⁠9) Esi sibizo siyamfanela, njengoko uSathana engumhlebi omkhulu kaThixo. NjengoSathana, bambi babadla izithende abanye. Maxa wambi intshukumisa yoku kukuziphindezelela, ngenxa yeemvakalelo eziphazamisekileyo okanye ikhwele. Enoba iyintoni na intshukumisa, bafuna ukuhambisela phambili ezabo izilangazelelo ngokungcolisa igama elihle labanye.

Nangona ukuhleba okuyingozi, okanye ukunyoka, kucaca ukuba lolona hlobo lungafunwayo lokuhleba, ukubandakanyeka nakuluphi na uhlobo olwenzakalisayo, olubangela uqhushululu akufanelekanga yaye kubi. Ngoko, ubani unokuyithintela njani incoko engenzakalisiyo ukuba ingaguquki ibe kukunyoka okwenzakalisayo?

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 5]

Ngokufuthi ukuhleba nje kobuhlobo kwenziwa ngenjongo yokuphakelana ngenkcazelo ebalu-​lekileyo nanjengendlela yokuhambis’ incoko

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 6]

Ukuhleba okwenzakalisayo kunjengodaka oluphoswe kudonga olucocekileyo. Lusenokungahlali, kodwa lusoloko lushiya uphawu olumdaka

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]

Bambi abantu bahleba kuba befuna ukutsalel’ ingqalelo kubo