UGawulayo—Ilahleko Elusizi Ayibangelayo Ebantwaneni
NGABA ukhe wayibona imifanekiso yabo? Ngaba ukhe wabaliselwa okanye wafunda ngamabali abo? Ukuba uyawazi, ngaba akuhlasimlisa ngenxa yomothuko? Ngaba wakwazi ukuzibamba iinyembezi okanye ukuba nesingqukru? Ngaba intliziyo yakho isebuhlungu ngenxa yabo? Ngaba usayiva incwina etsholo phantsi yabo babesecicini lokufa bengayolelanga? Kwanangoku, ngaba unokuyicima engqondweni loo mibono elusizi yeentsana ezigulel’ ukufa—ezimbini, ezintathu nezine emandlalweni? Ezininzi zazo zazilahliwe. Ukugula nokufa kwazo kubangelwa sesi sifo soyikekayo ngoku esigqugqisayo ehlabathini—uGawulayo!
Inkqubo eyayisasazwa ngqo kumabonwakude kwelinye ilizwe laseYurophu ngoFebruwari 1990 yabashiya bebamb’ ongezantsi ababukeli abangamashumi ezigidi ababephulaphule nababeyibukele le nkqubo. Ehlabathini ngokubanzi, izigidi ezingakumbi zafunda ngaloo ntlekele kumaphephandaba nakumaphephancwadi. Iphephancwadi iTime lanikela le ngxelo: “Lo ngumbono ohlasimlisayo nomanyumnyezi. Kuyo yonke loo mandlalo kuthe natya iintsana neemveku ezikhangeleka okwabantu abalupheleyo, ulusu lwazo lushwabene, ubuso bazo obungamathambo bubonisa uphawu olucacileyo lokuba zisondela ekufeni.” Omnye ugqirha wavakalisa ubuhlungu esithi: “Enje yona intlekele andizange khe ndiyibone. Ngokucacileyo, lo ngubhubhani odluliselwa koko sikwenzayo kwezonyango.”
Kwenzeka njani oku? Ngokungafaniyo neentsana ezininzi ezizalwa zinentsholongwane kaGawulayo ngenxa yokwasulelwa ngoonina abanoGawulayo, aba bantwana abazange bazalwe benentsholongwane eyiHIV. Le ntlekele yaqala emva kokuzalwa kwabo ngokusuka kutofelwe igazi kwiimveku ezibuthathaka okanye ezizelwe phambi kwexesha kuba kukholelwa ukuba oko kwakuya kuzomeleza ezo mveku zibuthathaka—uqheliselo ese kukudala lungamkelwa ziingcali zezonyango. Omnye ugqirha wathi: “Umntu omnye oneHIV nonikezela ngegazi unokuba wasulele abantwana abali-10, abali-12 okanye abangaphezulu.”
UGqr. Jacques Lebas, umongameli wentlangano yooGqirha beHlabathi ezondelela amalungelo abantu nekomkhulu layo liseParis, wathi: “Okwesihlandlo sokuqala kwimbali kaGawulayo, sijamelene noGawulayo wabantwana. Ungubhubhani.”
Ngokomzekelo, ngoSeptemba 1990, okwesihlandlo sokuqala, iWHO (World Health Organization [Intlangano Yehlabathi Yezempilo]) yakhupha ubungqina obothusayo nobatyhila indlela uGawulayo aqengq’ ugodo ngayo ebantwaneni ehlabathini lonke. IWHO yanikela ingxelo yokuba mhlawumbi intsholongwane ebangela uGawulayo iya kwasulela abantwana abazizigidi ezilishumi ngonyaka wama-2000. UGqr. Michael Merson, umalathisi wenkqubo yokubhengeza uGawulayo zwenibanzi yale ntlangano, wathi: “Ngonyaka wama-2000 inkoliso yaba bantwana iya kube ihlaselwe nguGawulayo waza wayibulala.” Ukutyhubela inxalenye yokugqibela yowe-1990, kukholelwa ukuba isinye kwisithathu se-1,2 lezigidi zabantu ekuthelekelelwa ukuba banoGawulayo osele eneempawu ezipheleleyo ngabantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwemihlanu ubudala.
Ngaba kuyamangalisa ukuba ukusasazeka kwesibetho esinguGawulayo kuye kwabizwa ngokuba ngubhubhani? Ngasekupheleni kowe-1992, iintsana ezimalunga nezigidi ezine ziya kube zizelwe ngoomama abaneHIV. Abantwana abane kwabahlanu abazelwe benentsholongwane bafumana uGawulayo kunyaka wabo wesihlanu. UGqr. Merson waxelela inkomfa yoonondaba yaseGeneva ukuba, bakuba nje benoGawulayo, ngokuqhelekileyo itshoba lilal’ umbethe kunyaka omnye okanye emibini elandelayo.
Iingcali zicingela ukuba ngowe-1992 abafazi abali-150 000 baseAfrika kuphela nabantwana abangakumbi abali-130 000 baseAfrika baya kuba benoGawulayo. IWHO yanikela ingxelo yokuba eUnited States, iintsana ezifikelela kuma-20 000 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zisenokuba zizelwe ngamabhinqa aneHIV. Kwinkupho yayo kaJulayi 12, 1989, iEvening Post yaseWellington, eNew Zealand, yanikela ingxelo yokuba ulutsha lwaseBrazil oluqikelelwa kwi-140 000 lunale ntsholongwane. Eli phepha lathi: “Kodwa iingcali zinoloyiko lokuba olo qikelelo lusenokuba luphantsi.” Umalathisi wezonyango weZiko Lesizwe Lentlalo-ntle Yabantwana wathi: “Ndikholelwa ukuba eli qela, ukuba alinikwa unyango olukhethekileyo, liya kuba yibhombu yeathom etyalwe nje esixekweni.” Isazi ngengqondo esidumileyo saseBrazil savakalisa ubuhlungu sathi: “Le yeyona ngxaki imbi ngokugqithiseleyo.”
Iingxaki Ziyakhula
Ngaba kukho nabani na ongenakuchukunyiswa ngokweemvakalelo bobu bugxwayiba akubo la maxhoba angenatyala aphethelw’ imbengwane ngulo bhubhani ubulalayo? Ngokomzekelo khawuqwalasele le ngxelo: “Ngokutsho kombutho woMnqamlezo Obomvu waseNorway, abantwana abangama-50 baye babulawa embindini weAfrika—abanye babo bebulawa ngabazali babo—kuba babenoGawulayo.” ISunday Star, iphephancwadi laseRhawutini, eMzantsi Afrika, lanikela ingxelo yokuba, abanye abantwana baseAfrika abanoGawulayo bayagxothwa kumakhaya abo ziintsapho ezixhalabele ukutshayela nakuphi na ukudibana nesifo esibuhlungu ngaphezu kweqhenqa. Eli phepha lathi, “Kwiindawo ezithile amaxhoba kaGawulayo neentsapho zawo ayathintelwa ukuya kukha amanzi emithonjeni nasezicaweni.”
Iingxelo ezingakumbi ezidakumbisayo zamanani zibangela inkxalabo. Iingxelo zehlabathi ngokubanzi zibek’ ityala ubhubhani kaGawulayo njengonobangela othe ngqo wenye intlekele. Ngokuqinisekileyo izigidi zabantwana abangasulelwanga yintsholongwane kaGawulayo ziya kuba ziinkedama ngeminyaka yee-1990. Ngoba? Abazali bazo baza kubulawa nguGawulayo. IWHO iqikelela ukuba kuya kubakho iinkedama ezibangelwe nguGawulayo ezizizigidi ezihlanu ehlabathini jikelele ngowe-1992. Enye ingcali ejongene nokunyanyekelwa kwabantwana yathi: “Ngumkhukula oqalayo ukubakho. Ibe ngaphandle kokuba sicinge ngokuceba ukubafunela amakhaya aba bantwana, kuya kufuneka sivule imizi yeenkedama emikhulu.”
Omnye unontlalo-ntle, echaza ngenye intsapho yaseNew York, wathi: “Phantse ukuba ijamelene nentlungu engathethekiyo. Umama wasulelwe, utata wasulelwe, usana luyagula, abazali nosana baza kufa, ibe baza kushiya inkwenkwe eneminyaka elishumi ubudala iyinkedama.”
Ibe, okokugqibela, kukho oko kwaphawulwa nguGqr. Ernest Drucker weKholeji yezonyango iAlbert Einstein yaseNew York nokusixhokonxa ukuba sicinge: “Besekwintlungu yokufelwa ngumzali, ngokufuthi abantwana bazifumana bengamaxhoba ongquzulwano kusiliwa ngamalungelo okubagcina, bathi bekule ntsapho babe bekwenye ngoxa bezama ukuzixolisa ngokushiywa kwabo ngumzali nokwamkela intlungu kaGawulayo.”
UGawulayo uya esiba ngomnye woonobangela abaphambili bokufa kwabantwana nolutsha. Ungunobangela onkqenkqeza kwindawo yesithoba koonobangela abaphambili bokufa kubantwana abanonyaka omnye ukusa kwemine ubudala, nonkqenkqeza kwindawo yesixhenxe kwabaphambili bokufa kwabeshumi elivisayo nakulutsha olungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-25 ubudala. IThe AIDS/HIV Record, kaSeptemba 1989 yanikela ingxelo yokuba ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka yee-1990, uGawulayo unokuba ngomnye woonobangela abahlanu abaphambili bokufa. Sekunjalo, iingxelo zibonisa ukuba ehlabathini lonke kukho ukungakhathali phakathi kwabo basenokuba ngamaxhoba esi sifo soyikekayo. Khawuqwalasele ezinye zezibakala ezikhwankqisayo ezikwinqaku elilandelayo.