Ukuphelelwa Ngumsebenzi—Into Enxunguphalisa Umsébenzi
“Kwandigqebh’ olungophiyo. Ndandothukile.”—Umphathi wezonxibelelwano, oneminyaka engama-44 ubudala.
“Kuphelisa ukuzithemba ngeyona ndlela ingathethekiyo. Uziva ungaxabisekanga.”—Umphathi oyintloko wezemali, oneminyaka engama-38 ubudala.
“Siye sadala uhlobo olunjani lwezoqoqosho lona luthi lubangele abantu baphulukane nezikhundla zabo xa kanye baqhuba kakuhle?”—Umalathisi oyintloko wenkampani yeempahla, oneminyaka engama-47 ubudala.
ABA bantu babenawaphi amava afanayo? Ngamnye wabo waba namava abuhlungu okuphelelwa ngumsebenzi.
Khangela kwakhona iminyaka yobudala yabo basebenzi. Babengengobantu basawufundayo umsebenzi, ngoko kusenokuba bavakalelwa kukuba imisebenzi yabo inqabisekile. Ibe babekwinqanaba abaninzi ababenokulicingela njengeminyaka yabo yokwamkela eyona mivuzo iphakamileyo. Kodwa ngokukhawuleza yaye bengalindelanga baphelelwa yimisebenzi. Umphathi wezonxibelelwano okhankanywe ngasentla wathi: “Bandixelela ukuba ndisuse konke okwakusedesikeni yam ndize ndibophe konke okukokwam. Ndaba ndiyemka ngolo hlobo. Ndingabhungisanga.”
Yintoni Eyenzekayo?
Ukuguquguquka kwemeko yezoqoqosho akuyonto intsha. Kumazwe amaninzi, kuye kubekho amaxesha empumelelo ephawulekayo kwezoqoqosho abuye alandelwe kukubhanga kwamashishini okanye kwanokudodobala kwezoqoqosho. Ibe ukuwohloka kwezoqoqosho kwakutshanje okuye kwakho ehlabathini jikelele, kwanangaphambi kwemfazwe ebikwiPersian Gulf, kubonise indlela ezingazinzanga ngayo ezoqoqosho kwanasemva kweminyaka emininzi yempumelelo ephawulekayo. Abantu abaninzi, abathile okwesihlandlo sokuqala, baqonda ukuba babengenakuyithabatha lula imisebenzi nemivuzo yabo.
Umphumo okube nawo ukudodobala kwezoqoqosho kubasebenzi ube ngokhwankqisayo. Iinkampani ziye zanyanzeleka ukuba zicuthe iindleko, ngokufuthi okubangela ukuba abantu abaninzi baphelelwe yimisebenzi. Kwanakumazwe afumileyo nahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho angamalungu eNtlangano Yokuqinisekisa Ukusebenzisana Nenkqubela Kwezoqoqosho (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), abantu abanokufikelela kwizigidi ezingama-25 bebekhe abasebenza ngaxa lithile.
Enye ingcali ngezinto zokuhombisa ngaphakathi endlwini yathi: “Phantse ntsuku zonke nditsalelwa iminxeba ngabahlobo bam abasebenza kwiinkampani ezinkulu abaphelelwe yimisebenzi. Ingeniso yeenkampani ezininzi endisebenzisana nazo iye yehla yaya kufikelela kwisiqingatha saleyo zaziyenza kunyaka ophelileyo.”
Ukuphelelwa ngumsebenzi bekusoloko kuyinto eqhelekileyo kubantu abasebenza ngezandla. Ekuwohlokeni kwakutshanje kwezoqoqosho, kwanabantu abasebenza eziofisini abalinani elandayo baphulukana nemisebenzi yabo. UDan Lacey, ongumhleli wephephandaba iWorkplace Trends wathi: “Le yimisebenzi exabisekileyo kwezoqoqosho. Yimisebenzi esenza sibe nako ukuthenga indlu kwindawo ehlala abantu abaphucukileyo nabemi kakuhle yaye sibe neemoto ezimbini.”
Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo abantu baye baphelelwa yimisebenzi emininzi elolo hlobo. Ibe njengokuba iNewsweek isitsho, abasebenzi abaphelelwe yimisebenzi bazifumana “bejamelene noxanduva lwamatyala ezindlu, iintsapho ezisakhulayo, amatyala amakhulu nekamva eliya lisiba mfiliba ngakumbi.”
Iba Yintoni Imiphumo?
Kukho umphumo ontlu-mbini kuko konke oku: Abasebenzi abaphelelwe ngumsebenzi bathwaxeka kakubi ngokwemali nangokweemvakalelo. Ukutsala nzima ngokwasezimalini kuyabonakala. Xa ubani esamkela umvuzo ophantsi, ufanele ayiguqule indlela yakhe yokuphila. Kwakhona ukungaqeshwa kuchaphazela neemvakalelo.
Ngokomzekelo, imbono yabantu abaselula ngokugcina imisebenzi iyaguquka. Ukungabi namsebenzi usisigxina kuba yindlela eqhelekileyo neyamkelekileyo yobomi. IThe Wall Street Journal yaphawula ukuba ngenxa yokuba ulutsha oluninzi lwaseBritani luphuma lungena emisebenzini luye “lwahlala lungabantwana.”
Abo baye baphelelwa ngumsebenzi emva kokubambelela kuwo iminyaka emininzi baxhwaleka ngokunzulu ngakumbi. Isazi ngengqondo esinobuchule uNeil P. Lewis, sathi: “Xa uphulukana nomsebenzi, akuphulukani nje nemali obuyamkela, kodwa uphulukana nendlela ozijonga ngayo.”
Enyanisweni, izazi ngengqondo ziye zaphawula ukuba ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukuphelelwa ngumsebenzi kuyafana nokuphazamiseka okubangelwa kukufelwa ngothandekayo wakho naluqhawulo-mtshato. Umothuko obakho ekuqaleni ulandelwa ngumsindo, wona othi ukhokelele kumvandedwa wandule uyamkele imeko okuyo. Lo kaLewis uthi: “Kubantu abathile konke oku kwenzeka kwiintsuku nje ezimbini. Kwabanye kuthabatha iiveki neenyanga.”
Abo baphulukene nomsebenzi babonakala ukuba banomvandedwa ngokuthi bazinikele ekulusebenziseni kakubi ubhelu lomsele neziyobisi. Ubunkenenkene bale meko bukwanokukhokelela kumlo okanye ukuqhekeka kwentsapho. UStephen Pilster-Pearson, ongumalathisi kwisebe lokuncedwa kwabaqeshwa kwiYunivesithi yaseWisconsin, eUnited States, wathi: “Ezo mvakalelo zifanele zikhutshelwe ndaweni ithile. Kakade ke, enye yezo ndawo kusekhaya.”
Ekhetha enye indlela embi kakhulu abasabela ngayo abantu, umntu onesidanga saseyunivesithi eHong Kong wakhetha ukuzibulala emva kweminyaka emihlanu engawufumani umsebenzi. Wangena phambi kololiwe ohambayo.
Ngoko xa abantu bephelelwa ngumsebenzi, kuchaphazeleka okungakumbi kunemali. Ngaloo ndlela, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela okungakumbi kunemali kule ngxaki. Kubandakanyeke iimvakalelo ezinzulu, yaye iintsapho zifanele zisebenzisane zize ngokumanyeneyo zisebenzele ukufumana izicombululo.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 5]
Ngaba Kukuphela Kokwanda Kwezoqoqosho?
Kunyaka ophelileyo, ehlabathini lonke kuye kwanikelwa iingxelo zokuba imeko yezoqoqosho ayizinzanga gqitha. Khawuqwalasele le mizekelo eliqela:
EFransi: “Ihlabathi lifikelela esiphelweni selona thuba lide lokwanda kwezoqoqosho elakhe lakho. . . . Ukuba amazwe aseYurophu akukho nto ayixhalabeleyo kurhwebo lwawo lwethuba elifutshane, ngenxa yoncedo lwenkxaso eyabakho ngokumanyaniswa kwakhona kweJamani, awanakulindela ukuba aya kuhlala esinda. . . . Ezorhwebo ziye zayibona ingozi isiza.”—ILe Monde yaseParis.
EBrazil: Ukubhanga kwamashishini eUnited States kuya kuthi “ngokungenakuphepheka kufikelele kuze kuviwe nakwamanye amazwe ahambele phambili kwezoqoqosho ibe, ngenxa yoko kuya kudala ukumiselwa kwemiqathango emininzi ngokwanda kokuthengwa kwemveliso esuka kumazwe asakhasayo.”—IFôlha de S. Paulo yaseSão Paulo.
EBritani: “Ezoqoqosho zaseBritani, nokunyuka kwamaxabiso ezinto alapho okungenakuthintelwa, imilinganiselo ephakamileyo yenzala yemali nokudodobala kwezoqoqosho, kubonakala kungekho ngqiqweni.”—IFinancial Times yaseLondon.
EKhanada: “Abaqeshi abambalwa kakhulu bafuna abasebenzi abambalwa kakhulu.”—IThe Toronto Star.
EJamani: “Ukuxhoma kwexabiso leoli okufana noko kwangowe-1973 sele kubonakala . . . njengokuba [injalo] nemiqondiso yokubhanga kwamashishini amaninzi.”—INeues Deutschland yaseBerlin.
EJapan: “Amaxabiso emihlaba ngoku afana nesiqhushumbisi esiqhushumba nje sakuchukunyiswa nesihleli kanye embindini wezoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ukuba esi siqhushumbisi besinokuyekwa size siqhushumbe aze amaxabiso emihlaba ehle, iibhanki zaseJapan beziya kubhanga njengoko oko bekuya kuthetha ukuba [iimali-mboleko] ezigcinwe kwimihlaba yamaJapan phantse zibe azixabisekanga. Kwelinye icala, oko kuya kubangela ukubhanga kwamashishini ehlabathi.”—IAustralian Financial Review yaseSydney.
Noko ke, ukuphela kweMfazwe ebikwiGulf ebutsheni bowe-1991 kuzise amathemba angakumbi okuphucuka kwenkqubo yezoqoqosho ehlabathini jikelele. Sekunjalo, kuyabonakala ukuba uqoqosho lwehlabathi luyinto engazinzanga ngokwenene, ngokukodwa xa kucingwa ngemfumba yamatyala esele iwasinda amazwe amaninzi.