Ukunikela Ingqalelo Kwisifo Esiyimfihlelo
ICFS (chronic fatigue syndrome [isifo sokudinwa ngokungapheliyo]) “isisisongelo esikhulu kwezempilo nakwezoqoqosho, yodlulwa nguGawulayo kuphela.”
OKO koko kwathethwa nguGqr. Byron Hyde waseKhanada ebudeni benkomfa yokuqala yehlabathi apho kwakuxutyushwa ngeCFS, eCambridge, eNgilani, ngoAprili 1990. Enyanisweni, uGqr. Jay Levy, ingcali yaseSan Francisco ephanda ngoGawulayo, wayibiza iCFS ngokuthi “sisifo seminyaka yee-1990.”
IEmergency Medicine yacacisa ukuba iCFS “sisifo esihlasela onke amalungu omzimba esichaphazela inkqubo elawula imithambo-luvo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwizifo yaye ngokufuthi esichaphazela amathambo nezihlunu.” Kuye kwaxhalatywa kakhulu ngenxa yesi sifo. Xa iphephancwadi laseUnited States iNewsweek lapapasha kwibali lalo elihambisana nomfanekiso ongaphandle ngoNovemba 1990, loo nkupho yaba yeyona mpapasho ithengiswe kakhulu kuloo nyaka.
ICDC (Centers for Disease Control [Amaziko Okuthintela Izifo]) eAtlanta iye yasiqwalasela ngeliso elibukhali esi sigulo. Ngowe-1988 eli ziko linkqenkqeza phambili kwezonyango eUnited States labuvuma ngokusesikweni ubukho besi sifo siyimfihlelo ngokunika oogqirha imigqaliselo, okanye iqela lemiqondiso neempawu, ukuze basixilonge. Eli ziko lathi esi sifo yichronic fatigue syndrome (isifo sokudinwa ngokungapheliyo) ngenxa yokuba uphawu lwaso oluqhelekileyo nolubalaseleyo kukudinwa.
Ingxaki Ngegama
Noko ke, abaninzi bavakalelwa kukuba eli gama alifanelekanga. Bathi libangela ukuba bungaqondwa ubunzulu besi sigulo, ekubeni ukudinwa okuluphawu lweCFS kwahlukile kukudinwa nje okuqhelekileyo. Omnye umguli wacacisa oku, “Ukufanisa ukudinwa kwethu nokudinwa okuqhelekileyo kufana nokufanisa umbane nentlantsi yomlilo.”
UGqr. Paul Cheney, oye wanyanga amakhulu-khulu abaguli abaneCFS, uthi ukuyibiza ngokuthi kukudinwa ngokungapheliyo “kufana nokubiza ukukrala kwemiphunga ngokuthi ‘sisifo sokukhohlela ngokungapheliyo.’” UGqr. J. Van Aerde, naye ngokwakhe owayeneCFS uyakungqinela oku. Kwithuba elifutshane elidluleyo, lo gqirha wayekwimisebenzi emibini esisigxina—ebusuku wayengugqirha aze emini asebenze njengesazinzulu, ngaphezu koko unomfazi yaye unguyise wabantwana. Kunyaka ophelileyo wabalisa ngemeko yakhe xa wayephethwe yiCFS, yaye iMedical Post yaseKhanada yapapasha le ngxelo yakhe:
“Khawucinge nje ngesifo esiwagqiba onke amandla akho, esenza kube ngumgudu wokwenene nokuphakamisa iingubo ezi xa uvuka kumandlalo. Ukuhamba-hamba phakathi komzi, kwanokuba uhamba kancinane okolovane, kuba yinto enkulu, ngokufunqula nje umntwana wakho omncinane uba nephika. Akulubeki unyawo lwakho kwigumbi lakho lokufundela elikumgangatho ongaphantsi ngenxa yokuba akunakukwazi ukubuyela kwigumbi eliphezulu ngezinyuko ungakhange uhlale phantsi uphumle. Khawucinge nje, kwinqaku lephephandaba unokufunda amagama nezivakalisi zalo, kodwa ungayiva intsingiselo yalo . . .
“Khawuzithelekelele nje usiva ngathi uhlatywa ngamakhulukhulu eenaliti ngexesha elinye ezihlunwini zakho, nto leyo eyenza uqaqanjelwe xa uhlala phantsi, ungakwazi nokushukuma, kungayolisi kwaphela ukwanga umntu. . . . Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni womntu osoloko exhaxha kukugodola, ubile ube manzi kodwa kuyabanda, ngokufuthi ezi zinto ziphelekwa yifiva nje engephi. Dibanisa zonke ezi mpawu uze uyithelekise nowona mkhuhlane mkhulu owakha wakuphatha, ngaphandle nje kwento yokuba yona iba qatha ngakumbi yaye ihlala unyaka wonke, mhlawumbi nangaphezulu.
“Khawucinge nje ngentlungu nodano olungathethekiyo xa uqala phantsi kwakhona, kanye xa ubucinga ukuba le nto uyoyisile. Khawuzithelekelele usoyika, unexhala ngenxa yokuba uziva ugogekile kumzimba ongawuqhelanga, yaye akulazi ixesha eyoze iphele ngalo okanye kwanokuba iya kuze iphele kusini na.”—Septemba 3, 1991.
Igama esi sigulo esalithiywa kwiUnited Kingdom naseKhanada liyabubethelela ubunzulu besi sifo. Apho sibizwa ngokuba yimyalgic encephalomyelitis, okanye xa sishunqulelwa kuthiwa yiME. Igama elithi “myalgic” lenza kucingwe ngokuqaqamba kwezihlunu, yaye elithi “encephalomyelitis” libonisa umphumo esi sifo esiba nawo ebuchotsheni okanye kwimithambo-luvo.
Ekubeni esi sifo sichaphazela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwizifo, amaqela asekwe ngabaguli naxhasanayo eUnited States, ngoku angamakhulu-khulu aye asithiya igama lokuba yiCFIDS (chronic fatigue immune dysfunction syndrome [isifo sokudinwa ngokungapheliyo esonakalisa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela kwizifo]).
Ngaba ngokwenene le yingxaki esandul’ ukufunyaniswa? Kwenzeke njani ukuba yaziwe ngabantu ngokubanzi?
Ukuhlolisisa Imbali
Mhlawumbi iCFS ayisosigulo sitsha. Bambi baye bathi esi sifo siyafana ngeempawu nesifo esasibizwa ngokuba yineurasthenia kwinkulungwane edluleyo, gama elo elalithatyathwe kwelesiGrike elithetha “ukungabi namandla kwemithambo-luvo.” Kwakhona iimpawu zeCFS zifana nezo zefibromyalgia (ukuqaqamba nokugogeka kwezihlunu zomqolo), esikwaziwa ngokuba yifibrositis. Bambi bakwakholelwa ukuba iCFS isenokuba sisifo esinye nefibromyalgia.
Kukho iingxelo zokuqhambuka kwezigulo ezininzi ezifana neCFS kumashumi eminyaka edluleyo, inkoliso yazo zihlasela eUnited States. Kodwa zaye zakho naseNgilani, eIceland, eDenmark, eJamani, eOstreliya naseGrisi. Esi sifo sasichazwa ngokuthi sisifo saseIceland, isifo saseAkureyri, isifo iRoyal Free, namanye amagama.
Kutshanje, ngowe-1984 abantu abamalunga nama-200 kwidolophana yaseIncline Village, kufutshane nomda ophakathi kweKhalifoniya neNevada, bahlaselwa sisigulo esibumkhuhlane nesasizingisa. UGqr. Cheney, owayenyanga uninzi lwabo, ucacisa oku, “Besibazi njengabantu abakhulileyo abasebenza ngenkuthalo, abonwabileyo, abomeleleyo. Ngequbuliso basuka bagula yaye bengade baphile. Kwiimeko ezithile babebila babe manzi ebusuku kangangokuba kwakufuneka amaqabane abo omtshato avuke aze atshintshe iishiti zomandlalo.”
Bambi eIncline Village benza intlekisa ngokuqhambuka kwesi sifo ngokusibiza ngokuthi ngumkhuhlane wamaYuppie, ekubeni ubukhulu becala sasihlasela abantu abaselula abakudidi oluphakathi, abaziingcaphephe nabanamabhongo. Kwakucingelwa ukuba abaguli basenokuba banesifo esihlasela kanobom nesasulelayo esiphawulwa ngokuba nomkhuhlane nokudumba kwamadlala, kodwa ukuxilongwa kwabo ukuze kubonwe eso sifo kwabonisa ukuba inkoliso yabo yayingenaso. Phofu ke, ukuxilongwa kwegazi kwabonisa ukuba babenezinto ezininzi ezilwa nentsholongwane eyabhaqwa nguEpstein noBarr, eluhlobo oluthile lwentsholongwane yeherpes. Ngaloo ndlela, kangangethuba, ngokuqhelekileyo esi sifo sasisaziwa njenge-Epstein-Barr.
Ukuvunywa Kobukho Besi Sigulo
Xa uGqr. Cheney wanikela ingxelo kwiCDC ngoko kwakusenzeka eIncline Village, ekuqaleni loo ngxelo yakhe ayizange inikelwe ngqalelo kangako. Kodwa kwiindawo ezahlukahlukeneyo zelo lizwe, kungabanga thuba lide kwafunyanwa iingxelo ezifanayo ezingeengxaki zempilo.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uphando lwabonisa ukuba ubukhulu becala intsholongwane kaEpstein noBarr yayingengonobangela. Enyanisweni, le ntsholongwane ikho kubemi abakhulileyo abamalunga nama-95 ekhulwini. Ibuthuma emizimbeni yabantu. Ugqirha owenza uphando ngeCFS wacacisa oku, “Xa ivukile, isenokuba negalelo ekuhlaseleni kwesi sifo.” Kodwa akusoloko kunjalo.
Kumiwe bume kwenziwa uphando ukuze kufunyanwe oonobangela beCFS. Ngenxa yoko, oogqirha abangakumbi nangakumbi bayavuma ukuba ingxaki yokwenene yezamayeza ichaphazela abantu abasenokuba zizigidi. UGqr. Walter Wilson, oyintsumpa kwicandelo elijongene nezifo ezasulelayo kwiKliniki yaseMayo eRochester, eMinnesota, eUnited States, wathi yena uye wasiguqula isimo sakhe sengqondo. Uthi, njengoko ubona abaninzi bechitha intywenka yemali befuna uncedo, “ufanele ubaphathe ngentlonelo ngenxa yoko bajamelana nako.”
Licacile elokuba, abantu abaninzi baphethelw’ imbengwana sisigulo esineempawu ezifanayo. Ngazo zonke iinyanga iCDC ifumana iminxeba emininzi njengoko abantu bebuza ngale meko, yaye nguGawulayo kuphela oshukumisela abantu abangakumbi ukuba babuze ngaye kumaZiko Ezempilo Esizwe eUnited States. UGqr. Walter Gunn, owayesongamela uphando lweCFS kwiCDC ngaphambi kokuba azibeke phantsi iintambo kutshanje, wacacisa oku, “Ikho into eqhubekayo. Kodwa enoba sisifo esinye okanye ziliqela, enoba sinonobangela omnye okanye abangakumbi, oko akukacaci.”
Bambi bakholelwa kwelokuba iCFS ikakhulu iyingxaki yengqondo. IAmerican Journal of Psychiatry kaDisemba 1991 yathi: “Ababhali bame ngelokuba esi sifo sokudinwa ngokungapheliyo siya kuphathwa ngendlela efanayo nesasiphethwe ngayo isifo sokungabi namandla kwemithambo-luvo—singathathelwa phezulu njengokuba kuboniswa ukuba uninzi lwabantu abanaso ikakhulu baye bangemi kakuhle engqondweni.” Yaye incwadi entsha ethi From Paralysis to Fatigue, iyichaza iCFS “njengesifo esiyifashoni,” isingisele kwelokuba asiyi kungqineka isisigulo esiphawulekayo.
Ngaba iCFS ikakhulu iyingxaki esengqondweni? Ngaba iimpawu zayo ngokuqhelekileyo zibangelwa kukudandatheka? Ngaba iCFS isisifo ngokwenene?