Ingxaki Yokuqhomfa—Ngaba Ukubulawa Kwezigidi Ezingama-60 Kusisicombululo?

IDIDEKILE, isoyika, ineenyembezi, intombazana eneminyaka eli-15 ubudala ibukele inkwenkwe ethandana nayo isimka icaphukile. Ithi isisidenge ngokuziyekela ukuba ikhulelwe. Yayicinga ukuba bayathandana.

Ibhinqa elithile liphelelwe lithemba lakuqonda ukuba liza kuba nomntwana wesithandathu. Umyeni walo akasebenzi, yaye abantwana abancinane balala ngendlala busuku ngabunye. Baya kukwazi njani ukunyamekela omnye umntwana?

Elinye ibhinqa elinxibe kakuhle lixelela ugqirha walo oku: “Akunakwenzeka oku ngexesha elibi kangaka.” Ekugqibeleni liye lafumana isidanga salo kwezobunjineli yaye kungekudala liza kuqalisa kumsebenzi walo omtsha. Umyeni walo ubambiseke ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzi wakhe wobugqwetha. Baya kulifumana phi ixesha lokunyamekela usana?

Indlela aba bantu abaphila ngayo ayifani yaye bajamelene neengxaki ezahlukeneyo, kodwa bakhetha indlela enye njengesicombululo: ukuqhomfa.

Ukuqhomfa yenye yezona mbambano zibangela ukudubuleka kweemvakalelo kweli shumi leminyaka, ikhwezela iimpikiswano ezivus’ umnyele kwezobupolitika, kwezentlalo, kwezonyango nakwezakwalizwi. EUnited States, abantu abalwela ukulondolozwa kobomi benza imingcelele yoqhankqalazo belwela amalungelo wabangekazalwa. Iqela labalwela ilungelo lokuzikhethela lixhathisa ngezizathu ezingokomthetho zenkululeko nelungelo lebhinqa lokuzenzela isigqibo. Amaqela alwela ukulondolozwa kobomi aphikisana namaqela alwela inkululeko kwiindawo zonyulo, ezinkundleni zamatyala, ezicaweni, kwanasezitratweni.

Izigidi zabantu zizibona sele ziphakathi kusukuzwano, zithi zingapha zibe zingaphaya ngenxa yeempikiswano ezishushu zecala ngalinye. Amabinzana athi “khuthaza ilungelo lokuzikhethela” nelithi “khuthaza ilungelo lokuphila” ewodwa nje akhethwe ngenyameko ukuzuza oosithubeni. Kwesi sizukulwana sithanda inkululeko ngokugqithiseleyo, ngubani obengayi kuxhasa ilungelo lokuzikhethela? Kodwa ke kwakhona, ngubani obengayi kumela ubomi? Amaqela alwela amalungelo okuzikhethela atshangatshangisa amarhintyela okuxhoma (coat hangers) ukubonisa ukufa kwamabhinqa acinezelekileyo aqhomfa ngeendlela ezingakhuselekanga nezingekho mthethweni. Abo baxhasa ukulondolozwa kobomi bathi qhiwu iingqayi ekufakwa kuzo iimveku eziqhomfiweyo njengesikhumbuzo esihambis’ umzimba esibonisa ukubulawa kwezigidi zabangekazalwa.

Yonke le ntlekele yokubulala okulusizi ichazwa kakuhle kwincwadi kaLaurence H. Tribe ethi Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes. “Abaninzi abanokuyiqonda ngokulula into yokuba imveku ingumntu wokwenene, abayithabatha njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo nabanosizi ngayo, kunqabile ukuba bacingele ibhinqa eliyithweleyo kunye nengxaki yalo yobuntu. . . . Abanye abaninzi, abanokuthi ngokulula balicingele ibhinqa kunye nomzimba walo, abalwela amalungelo alo okulawula ishwangusha elikulo, kunqabile ukuba bayicingele imveku engaphakathi kwelo bhinqa yaye ababucingeli njengobuyinene ubomi engeyivunyelwe ukuba loo mveku ibuphile.”

Ngoxa le mfazwe yemilinganiselo yokuziphatha iqhubela phambili, kulo nyaka kuza kufa izigidi ezisusela kuma-50 ukusa kuma-60 zeengxwelerha ezingekazalwa kweli dabi lokulwela amalungelo.

Umi phi wena kule mbambano engokweemvakalelo? Ubuya kuyiphendula njani le mibuzo ingundoqo ethi: Ngaba lilungelo elisisiseko lebhinqa ukwenza isigqibo? Ngaba ukuqhomfa kuyathetheleleka phantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko? Buqalisa nini ubomi? Yaye umbuzo wokugqibela, nangona ungafane ubuzwe, uthi: UMdali wobomi nowokuzalwa komntwana ukujonga njani ukuqhomfa?

Imbali yokuqhomfa inde. KwiGrisi nakwiRoma yamandulo, ukuqhomfa yayingumkhwa oqhelekileyo. EYurophu ebudeni bamaXesha Aphakathi nasebudeni boHlaziyo, kwakujongwa njengokuvumelekileyo de kube lixesha lokuqalisa kwemveku engekazalwa ukukhabalaza esiswini, oko kukuthi, xa unina wosana wayenokuva ukuba kukho into ephilayo esesibelekweni. Kunye nokuguquka kwemilinganiselo nenguqulelo engokwesini kwabakho isiqhamo—ukukhulelwa kwezigidi zingafuni.

Iminyaka yee-1960 yaphawula ukuvela kombutho wamabhinqa, nosekelwe ngokuyintloko koko kuthiwa lilungelo lokuzala. Bambi baqhankqalaza besithi amalungelo okuqhomfa makanikwe amaxhoba akhulelwe ngenxa yokudlwengulwa okanye umbulo okanye xa impilo kamama isengozini. Ubugcisa bezonyango buye benza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona okungaphakathi esibelekweni ukuze kuphawulwe iziphako ezisenokubakho ekuzalweni nokubona enoba usana luyinkwenkwe okanye luyintombazana kusini na. Ukukhulelwa kuyapheliswa ngesizinzi soko kuqikelelwe ngugqirha okunganiki themba. Amabhinqa angaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala asenokuba nexhala lokuzala abantwana abaneziphene.

Kumazwe athwaxwa bubuhlwempu, amabhinqa amaninzi angazifumani ngokwaneleyo izinto zokuthintela ukukhawula avakalelwa lelokuba akanakukwazi ukulungiselela abantwana abangakumbi. Yaye eyibaxa inkcazelo yokukhuthaza ilungelo lokuzikhethela, wambi amabhinqa akhulelweyo akhetha ukuyiqhomfa imveku kuba nje evakalelwa kukuba ibingekabi lixesha elifanelekileyo lokukhulelwa okanye kuba eye afumanisa ngesini somntwana ongekazalwa yaye engamthandi umntwana weso sini.

Iimpikiswano ezininzi ezihlaselayo eziye zaveliswa kolu ngquzulwano zinxulumene nombuzo ongexesha obuqalisa ngalo ubomi. Bambalwa abayithandabuzayo into yokuba iseli yeqanda eliqanduselweyo iyaphila. Ke umbuzo ngulo, iphila njengantoni? Ngaba iphila njengesicwili nje? Okanye ngaba ingumntu? Ngaba imbewu yom-oki ingumthi wom-oki? Ngoko, ngaba imveku engekazalwa ingumntu? Ngaba inawo amalungelo angokwasemthethweni? Le mpikiswano yamagama ayipheli. Hayi indlela exakanisa ngayo into yokuba kwisibhedlele esikwasinye, oogqirha basenokubila besoma besebenzela ukulondoloza ubomi bosana oluzelwe ngaphambi kwexesha baze sekunjalo bacime ubomi bemveku engekazalwa ekubudala obulinganayo! Umthetho usenokubavumela ukuba balubulale usana olungaphakathi esibelekweni, kodwa ukujonga njengobugebenga ukuba usana lungaphandle kwesibeleko.

Abona bantu bakulwela ngamandla ukumiswa ngokwasemthethweni kokuqhomfa ngabo “bakhululekileyo” abazifumana ngokwaneleyo izinto zokuthintela ukukhawula kwasekuqaleni. Banebango elinamandla loko kuthiwa ngamalungelo okuzala, ngoxa enyanisweni sele bezinikile kakade ilungelo lokukhawula nelokuzala. Oko ngenene bakufunayo lilungelo lokuphelisa oko kuzala. Bazithethelela ngelithini? “Ngumzimba wam!” Kodwa ngaba kunjalo ngenene?

Incwadi ethi Abortion—A Citizens’ Guide to the Issues ibonisa ukuba kwiiveki zokuqala ezili-12 zokukhulelwa, “isicwili esincinane esinqumbululu kulula gqitha ukusisusa.” Ngaba ngokufanelekileyo ukuqhomfa kunokuthatyathwa “njengokususa nje ichaphazana lesicwili” okanye “ukunqamla oko kuveliswe kukukhawula”? Okanye ngaba la mabinzana enziwe avakala kamnandi enzelwe ukwenza le nyaniso ikrakra ibe yeyamkelekileyo nokukhulula abo banezazela ezikhathazekileyo?

Elo suntswana lesicwili lingafunwayo libubomi obukhulayo nobuza kakuhle, elinayo yonke imisontwana yeeseli efunekayo emntwini. Njengencwadi ebalisa ngoko kuza kwenzeka kubomi bombhali, eli suntswana lesicwili libalisa ngokweenkcukacha ibali lomntu owahluke ngokukodwa owenziwayo. Unjingalwazi odumileyo wezophando kwizifundo nonyango ngemveku engekazalwa uA. W. Liley uthi: “Ngokwebhayoloji, akukho nakweliphi na inqanaba apho sinokuvumelana khona nembono yokuba imveku iyinto nje ehlonyelweyo kunina. Ngokwemvelo, unina kunye nosana bangabantu ababini abahlukeneyo kwasekukhawulweni.”

Ihambo Yokungakhathali

Sekunjalo, ngenxa yamathuba avulekileyo okuqhomfa, abaninzi baye bavakalelwa kukuba akukho nto ibanyanzelisayo ukuzilinda nxamnye nokukhawula okungafunwayo. Bakhetha ukuqhomfa njengento ebakhuselayo kuyo nayiphi na into esenokwenzeka “ngengozi.”

Uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba kule nkulungwane ulutsha lufikisa luselula gqitha. Ngenxa yoko, abantwana abaselula bayakwazi ukuzala abantwana. Ngaba bayayifundiswa imbopheleleko enamandla ehambisana nelo lungelo? Umntwana oqhelekileyo waseMerika ulahlekelwa bubunyulu bakhe kubudala beminyaka eli-16, yaye umntwana omnye kwabahlanu wenjenjalo ngaphambi kokuba afikelele kwiminyaka eli-13 ubudala. Isinye kwisithathu samadoda nabafazi abatshatileyo siqhubeka nokuthandana nabantu abangaphandle kweqhina lomtshato okanye bakwenzile oko kwixa elidluleyo. Abantu abathanda ukuqhomfa ngabo baziphethe vakalala. Ngokufanayo nesicelo esenziwayo maxa wambi sokumiselwa ngokusemthethweni kobuhenyu ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka kukaGawulayo, ukumiselwa ngokusemthethweni kokuqhomfa bekusenokukwenza kube kokukhuselekileyo ngandlel’ ithile ngokwezonyango, kodwa kuye kwafak’ isandla ekudaleni imekobume apho isifo sokuziphatha sinokuthabath’ unyawo yaye sisenjenjalo.

Ngaba Ngamaxhoba Obundlobongela Okanye Emeko?

Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, uhlolisiso lubonisa ukuba ukukhulelwa ngenxa yokudlwengulwa kuyinto enqabe gqitha. Olunye uhlolisiso olwenziwa kumaxhoba alandelelanayo okudlwengulwa angama-3 500 eMinneapolis, eUnited States, aluzange luvelise nanye imeko yokukhulelwa. Kubantu abangama-86 000 abaqhomfayo kwilizwe elalisakuba yiCzechoslovakia, bangama-22 kuphela abakhulelwayo ngenxa yokudlwengulwa. Ngaloo ndlela, linani elincinane nje kuphela labo bafuna ukuqhomfa abakwenza ngenxa yezi zizathu.

Kuthekani ngezo zoyikiso zixelwa kwangaphambili zokuzalwa kweentsana ezineziphene ezingenakulungiswa? Kumqondiso wokuqala wokubakho kwengxaki, bambi oogqirha bakhawuleza babongoze umntu ukuba aqhomfe. Ngaba banokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ngoko bakuxilongileyo? Abazali abaninzi banokungqina ukuba ezo zinto zoyikekayo zixelwa kwangaphambili zisenokungabi nabunyaniso, yaye ukungqina oku banabantwana abonwabileyo, abaphilileyo. Nabanye abanabantwana abagqalwa njengabanesiphene bakonwabele ukuba ngabazali. Eneneni, sisinye nje kuphela ekhulwini sabo bafuna ukuqhomfa eUnited States abakwenza oko ngenxa yokuba bexelelwe ngesiphene esithile esinokubakho kwimveku engekazalwa.

Sekunjalo, ngexesha oya kube ufunda eli nqaku, kuya kube kufe iintsana ezingekazalwa ezingamakhulu-khulu. Kwenzeka phi oku? Yaye buchaphazeleka njani ubomi babo babandakanyekileyo?

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 25]

Umama: “Ngumzimba wam!”

Usana: “Akunjalo! Ngumzimba wam!”