Ukuzibhokoxa Emsebenzini—Ngaba Kuyingozi Empilweni Yakho?

ESIWA ngakwinqwelo-mafutha yakhe, omnye umthengisi weinshorensi okubudala beminyaka ephakathi wahlanza waza waphelelwa ngamandla. Wayesayibambe nkqi ibrifkheyisi yakhe, umqondiso womsebenzi awayewenza. Wayesebenza elandela amazwi abhengeza injongo yenkampani ayisebenzelayo athi, “Eli lixesha lamanqam. Zibhokoxe ukusa kwi-150 ekhulwini lamandla akho,” wayehambe malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-3000 ngenqwelo-mafutha yakhe ebudeni benyanga awaphelelwa ngamandla ngayo. Kwiintsuku ezine kamva, wafa.

Oku akuyonto engaqhelekanga. “Abaphumi-mkhosi abamanyeneyo [corporate warriors],” njengoko bebizwa njalo eJapan, bafikelwa rhoqo ziingcinga ezoyikekayo zekaroshi, okanye ukufa ngenxa yokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo. Igqwetha elisingatha ngokukhethekileyo iimeko ezilolo hlobo lithelekelela ukuba kukho “ubuncinane amaxhoba angama-30 000 ekaroshi eJapan nyaka ngamnye.” Akumangalisi ukuba ngaphezu kwama-40 ekhulwini abasebenzi baseziofisini baseJapan ekuye kwenziwa uhlolisiso kubo kutshanje baye banoloyiko lokuba kungenzeka bafe ngenxa yokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo.

Nangona kusenokuba nzima ukuqinisekisa unxibelelwano phakathi kokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo neengxaki zempilo, iintsapho zamaxhoba azithandabuzi kangako ukuba lukho. Enyanisweni, ibinzana elithi “ukufa ngenxa yokusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo” layilwa xa iintsapho zabo bafelweyo zafuna intlawulo. UTetsunojo Uehata weZiko Lempilo Yoluntu eJapan uthi: “Ngokwezonyango, eli binzana libhekisela ekufeni okanye ekubeni ngumlwelwe ngenxa yesifo sokufa kwamacandelo athile obuchopho [cerebral apoplexy], nasekuvalekeni kwemibhobho ehambisa igazi okwenza ukuba inxalenye ethile yezihlunu zentliziyo zingasebenzi [myocardial infarction], okanye ukungasebenzi ngokupheleleyo kwentliziyo ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima obangela ukuxinezeleka kwegazi okanye ukuvaleka kwemibhobho ehambisa igazi.” Ingxelo yakutshanje evela kwiSebe Lezempilo neNtlalo-ntle laseJapan ilumkisa ngelokuba ukusebenza iiyure ezigqithiseleyo kubangela ubani aphuthelwe yaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelela kwimpilo enkenenkene nakwizifo.

Sekunjalo, kanye njengokuba iintshayi zingavumi ukuyamkela into yokuba kukho iingozi ekutshayeni, namakhoboka otywala engavumi ukuzamkela iingozi zokusela ngokugqithiseleyo, amakhoboka omsebenzi awavumi ukuzamkela iingozi ezibangelwa kukusebenza iiyure ezinde ngokungekho ngqiqweni. Yaye ukufa asikuphela kwengozi ekhoyo.

Ukudinwa Ngokugqithiseleyo Nokudandatheka

Ngoxa wambi amakhoboka omsebenzi esiba ngamaxhoba okuba neziphene nokufa, abanye badinwa ngokugqithiseleyo. Iphephancwadi iFortune lithi: “Akukho nkcazelo icacileyo yezonyango ngegama elithi ukudinwa ngokugqithiseleyo, kodwa iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ekubonakala ngazo oku ziquka ukudinwa, ukudakumba, ukungabikho rhoqo emsebenzini, iingxaki ezikhulayo zempilo, nokusetyenziswa kakubi kweziyobisi okanye kotywala.” Wambi amaxhoba aba neengcwangu, ngoxa amanye eqalisa ukwenza iimpazamo ezidla ngokubangelwa kukungakhathali. Noko ke, kwenzeka njani ukuba abantu babe ngamaxhoba okudinwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngenxa yomsebenzi?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, asingobantu abangalungelelananga okanye abaphazamisekileyo ngokweemvakalelo abanale ngxaki. Ngokufuthi iba ngabantu abawunyamekele ngokunzulu umsebenzi wabo. Basenokuba batsala nzima bezama ukuphumelela kukhuphiswano olukhulu olukhoyo okanye bawa bevuka befuna izikhundla eziphezulu kumsebenzi wengqesho. Bayazibhokoxa ixesha elide, bezama ukwenza umsebenzi wabo kangangoko banako. Kodwa xa oku kuzinikela kwabo kungaxengaxengiyo nokusebenza kwabo ithuba elide kungavelisi ulwaneliseko nomvuzo olindelweyo, kuthi qwenge ezingqondweni zabo, bazive bephelelwe ngamandla, yaye baba ngamaxhoba okudinwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngenxa yomsebenzi.

Oku kuba nayiphi imiphumo? ETokyo isebe lezonxibelelwano ngefoni elibizwa ngokuba yiLife Line, elimiselwe ukunceda abo babeza kuba ngamaxhoba okuzibulala, lifumana iminxeba emininzi ngakumbi evela kubasebenzi baseziofisini abakubudala beminyaka ephakathi nabasele bekhulile abaphelelwe lithemba. Kumaxhoba okuzibulala angaphezu kwama-25-000 eJapan ngowe-1986, inani elothusayo labangama-40 ekhulwini babekwiminyaka yabo yama-40 nama-50, yaye abangama-70 ekhulwini kwaba yayingamadoda. UHiroshi Inamura, unjingalwazi kwizigulo zengqondo, ukhalaza ngelithi, “Oku kungenxa yokuba abo bakubudala beminyaka ephakathi abafumana imivuzo nabadandathekileyo bandile.”

Ngoko kukho oko kuye kwabizwa ngokuba sisifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kwiintsuku ubani angasebenziyo ngazo (holiday neurosis). Ziziphi iimpawu esibonakala ngazo? Ukucaphuka msinya ngenxa yokuba ubani kungekho nto ayenzayo. Eqhutywa kukuziva enyanzelekile ukusebenza, isazela somntu ozinikele emsebenzini siyamkhathaza ngeentsuku angasebenziyo ngazo. Engakwazi ukufumana uxolo lwengqondo, uhla esenyuka ejikeleza kwigunjana lakhe kanye njengesilwanyana esivalelwe endlwini yaso. Xa usuku lwangoMvulo lufika, wenza imitsi ukuya eofisini, ekhululekile.

Uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lokudandatheka ngoku olwenza abasebenzi abakubudala beminyaka ephakathi baquqe koogqirha lolo lufane lubizwe ngokuthi sisigulo sokungafuni ukuhlala ekhaya (home-phobia). Abasebenzi abaphele amandla kukudinwa behla benyuka ngakwiivenkile ezincinane ezithengisa ukutya nangasezinkanti emva komsebenzi. Ekugqibeleni, bayayeka nje kwaphela ukuya emakhaya. Kutheni besoyika nje ukubuyela emakhaya? Nangona amaqabane angenaluvelwano esenokuba ngunobangela, “abaninzi baye bazibhokoxa gqitha emsebenzini baza abakwazi ukuzenza balungele imekobume engaphandle komsebenzi, kwiimeko ezininzi abakwazi nkqu nokuhlala neentsapho zabo,” utsho njalo uGqr. Toru Sekiya, olungiselela abaguli abanjalo inkqubo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-“Night Hospital System” (inkqubo evumela abaguli baye kwimisebenzi yabo yempangelo besuka esibhedlele).

Ubomi Bentsapho Buyaphazamiseka

Umntu olikhoboka lomsebenzi usenokungabandezeleki ngokugqithiseleyo. Ukuba likhoboka lomsebenzi “ngokufuthi kuyingxaki ngakumbi kubantu abahlala nomntu olikhoboka lomsebenzi,” litsho njalo iphephancwadi iEntrepreneur. Ubomi beqabane lomtshato bunokuguqukela ekubeni bube bobuzaliswe ziinkxwaleko. Ikhoboka lomsebenzi “sele lizifumanele into eliyithandayo ebomini balo, yaye ukwamkela enye into akusoloko kulula,” litsho njalo iphephancwadi iThe Bulletin laseSydney, eOstreliya. Yintoni eyenzekayo kumtshato onjalo?

Khawucinge ngemeko kaLarry, umMerika oqeshwe liqumrhu laseJapan eliseUnited States. Wasebenza iiyure ezinde ezongezelelekileyo engahlawulwa ngazo, ekhulisa imveliso yenkampani ngama-234 ekhulwini. Ngaba oku akukhange kubangele impumelelo nolonwabo? “Uphambene!” wadanduluka esitsho njalo umfazi wakhe enkundleni njengoko wayeqhawula umtshato.

Okubi nangakumbi yimeko yomlawuli othile weshishini waseJapan owayephuma ekhaya esiya emsebenzini ngentsimbi yesihlanu ntsasa nganye yaye engabuyeli ekhaya ngaphambi kwentsimbi yesithoba ebusuku. Umfazi wakhe waqalisa ukusela ngokugqithiseleyo. Ngenye imini, isilwa naye ngenxa yendlela asela ngayo, le ndoda yamkrwitsha de wafa umfazi wayo. Umgwebi wayifumanisa inetyala lokubulala waza wathi: “Ngenxa yokuzinikela ngokupheleleyo emsebenzini, awukhange uqonde ukuba umfazi wakho ulilolo yaye akuzange wenze migudu yaneleyo yokwenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuze abunandiphe ubomi.”

Ukukrwitsha iqabane likabani de life kungumphumo ogabadeleyo, kodwa ukusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo kunokubudodobalisa ubomi bentsapho ngezinye iindlela. Xa indoda ikho ekhaya ngeentsuku zangeCawa, isenokuchitha ixesha layo ihleli phambi kukamabonwakude ibukele inkqubo eyithandayo yezemidlalo ize ihlale ingenzi nto injikalanga yonke. La madoda awayiqondi indlela aye awazikhathalela ngayo ezinye iinkalo zobomi. Etshone engavelanga nangonwele emsebenzini wawo, ayayityeshela eyona nto ibalulekileyo ebomini, intsapho yawo. Engayisiso imfuneko yokunxibelelana kwentsapho, asukela ikhondo elikhokelela ekubeni ngamalolo xa kufika ixesha lokudla umhlala-phantsi.

Ukuba Mdala Kodwa Ube Ngonganelisekanga

Incwadi ethi At Work kwintshayelelo yayo yalumkisa ngelithi: “Kwibutho lethu, . . . lomelele gqitha ikhonkco elikhoyo phakathi komsebenzi, ukuzixabisa nesikhundla esingokwasentlalweni kangangokuba, xa kufika ixesha lokudla umhlala-phantsi, bambi bakufumanisa kunzima gqitha ukuzilungelelanisela ukuphila ubomi obahlukileyo kobo bebebuphila ngoxa bebesasebenza.” Abo basekela ubomi babo emsebenzini bafanele bazibuze lo mbuzo: ‘Yintoni endiya kube ndisele nayo ukuba ndiphelelwa ngumsebenzi?’ Khumbula, xa umntu efikelela kwixesha lokudla umhlala-phantsi, ubomi bakhe usenokubuchitha ehleli nentsapho yakhe kunye nabantu ngokubanzi.

Emva kokufumana umhlala-phantsi abo baye bayityeshela imfuneko yokunxibelelana nentsapho nabamelwane babo baba sengxakini yokungazi into amabayithethe nabo. Umluleki wezibini ezikubudala beminyaka ephakathi osele ekhulile eJapan uthi, “Bavuna oko bakuhlwayeleyo ngenxa yokungafuni ukucinga ngenye into ngaphandle komsebenzi, akunjalo? Ubomi babo babungenayo inkalo yobuntu, yaye bacingela ukuba yonke into ibahambela kakuhle kuba nje babengabondli bosapho. Noko ke, xa kufika ixesha lokuba bafumane umhlala-phantsi, iimeko ziyaguquka.”

Loo minyaka ingama-30 okanye ingama-40 yokusebenza nzima, mhlawumbi kusetyenzelwa intsapho, inokuba nemiphumo emibi. Hayi indlela ekulusizi ngayo ukuthi emva kweminyaka yokusebenza nzima, abo bebefudula bengabondli bosapho bejongelwa phantsi “okwenkunkuma elahlwayo kumzi-mveliso” nanjengenureochiba (amagqabi awileyo nafumileyo) ziintsapho zabo. EJapan eli binzana lokugqibela lisetyenziswa ukuchaza amadoda adla umhlala-phantsi angenanto yakwenza kodwa achitha imini yonke ehleli nabafazi bawo. Ngaloo ndlela afaniswa namagqabi awileyo afumileyo athi nca emtshayelweni angenakuvuthululeka, yaye esisikhubekiso nje kuphela.

Emva kokucingisisa ngazo zonke iingozi ezibandakanyekileyo, kusengqiqweni ukubuza oku, Kunokwenzeka njani ukuba ukuzibhokoxa emsebenzini kube kokulunge ngokwenene? Ngaba ukho umsebenzi ozisa ulwaneliseko lokwenene? Inqaku lethu elilandelayo kolu ngcelele luyayiphendula le mibuzo.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 22]

Isilumkiso Esifike Ngexesha Elililo

“Ukuba umyeni wakho uphelelwa ngumdla ekutyeni, uyaphuthelwa, akafuni kuncokola, ngoko ubonakalisa iimpawu zokuxinezeleka. Mxelele ukuba aziyolise ngenye into ngaphandle komsebenzi aze azame ukunxulumana nabanye abantu angasebenzi nabo.”—UGqr. Toru Sekiya, WeKliniki KaSekiya Yezigulo Zengqondo, eTokyo, eJapan.

“Ndiyakuthanda ukusebenza iiyure ezinde, kodwa ukuba ngokwenza oko kufuneka uphulukene nomyeni okanye intsapho yakho, izinto uzenza ngendlela ephosakeleyo. Kubuhlungu ukungabi namntu wokwabelana naye ngobutyebi onabo.”—Mary Kay Ash, usihlalo weMary Kay Cosmetics.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 21]

Maxa wambi ukudinwa gqitha ngenxa yomsebenzi kukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinzulu