Imigudu Yokumanyanisa
Ngumbhaleli kaVukani! eFransi
UKUBA nentloni! Ewe, kukuba neentloni okwabangela ukuba kuqaliswe inkqubo yokumanyanisa iicawa. Iintloni zantoni? Ukuba neentloni ngenxa yemeko embi abantu abangengomaKristu abayibona ikuyo iNgqobhoko njengoko iyindlu eyahlulelene yodwa.
Kwindibano yokuqala ngqa yeWCC (World Council of Churches [IBhunga Leetyalike Zehlabathi]), usosiba-jikelele walo, uGqr. W. A. Visser ’t Hooft, wacacisa ngokuthi: “SiliBhunga Leetyalike, kungekhona iBhunga leCawa enye emanyeneyo. Igama lethu libonisa ubuthathaka bethu nehlazo lethu phambi koThixo, kuba kunokubakho yaye ngokuqinisekileyo kukho iCawa kaKristu enye kuphela emhlabeni.”
Intyilalwazi yamaKatolika esandul’ ukupapashwa ngesiFrentshi ivuma isithi: “Ihlazo elabangelwa kukungavisisani kweecawa laziwa gqitha ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19. Oku kwaba njalo ingakumbi phakathi koonyawontle, abo ubutshaba obabukho phakathi kwabo babuchasene neVangeli ababeze kuyishumayela kubantu abangengomaKristu. . . . Kwabangela umothuko omkhulu gqitha ukuqaliswa kwephulo laseAfrika nelaseAsiya elabhenca iiyantlukwano ezazikho phakathi kwamaKristu nezazibangela ukuba umsebenzi wobuvangeli ungahambeli ndawo.”
Isiqalo Sayo
Igama elithi “ecumenical (ukumanyanisa iicawa)” liguqulelwe ngokusuka kwigama lesiGrike elithi oi·kou·meʹne (umhlaba omiweyo). Umbutho wokumanyanisa iicawa, owaqaliswa phakathi kwinkulungwane ye-19, wacetyelwa ukumanyanisa iicawa zeNgqobhoko zomhlaba wonke. Bebuqonda ubunzima obubangelwa kukungabikho kwemvisiswano phakathi kweecawa, abahlaziyi baseka imibutho eyahlukahlukeneyo yeemvaba ngeemvaba ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19 nasekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20.
Abona bantu babechaphazeleka ngokukhethekileyo kukungabikho kwemvisiswano kwiNgqobhoko yayingoonyawontle ababethunyelwe ukuya kuguqula abantu abangengomaKristu. Kwakunzima ngabo ukuba balathe kwimbali yecawa ezele ligazi njengobungqina bokongama konqulo lwabo. Babenokukungxengxezela ngelithini ukubakho kweecawa ezininzi kangaka, zonke zizenza amaKristu, ngoxa kwangaxeshanye zicaphula uYesu okanye umpostile uPawulos, bobabini abagxininisa imfuneko yokuba amaKristu amanyane?—Yohane 13:34, 35; 17:21; 1 Korinte 1:10-13.
Ngokungathandabuzekiyo le meko yafak’ isandla ekusekweni kombutho wanamhlanje wokumanyanisa iicawa, owabizela ndawonye iNkomfa Yoonyawontle Yehlabathi yokuqala, e-Edinburgh, eScotland, ngowe-1910. Kamva, ngowe-1921, kwasekwa iBhunga Loonyawontle Bezizwe Ngezizwe. INew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi: “IBhunga Loonyawontle Bezizwe Ngezizwe alizange lisekelwe kuphela ukusasaza inkcazelo ngeendlela zokushumayela eziphumelelayo, kodwa kwanokuthomalalisa ihlazo leeyantlukwano zamaKristu ngokuphepha ukhuphiswano kumazwe angengawo awamaKristu.”
Ukungazibandakanyi KwamaKatolika
Noko ke, yenza ntoni iCawa yamaRoma Katolika ukuthomalalisa ihlazo leeyantlukwano zamaKristu? Ngowe-1919 iCawa yamaKatolika yamenywa ukuba ibe nenxaxheba kwingxubusho eyayichotshelwe ziicawa ezahlukahlukeneyo neyayimayela nokholo nenkqubo yecawa, apho kwakuza kuqwalaselwa ukwahlukahlukana kweemfundiso ezisisiseko nobulungiseleli. Kodwa uPopu Benedict XV akazange asamkele esi simemo. Kwakhona, ngowe-1927, iCawa yamaKatolika yafumana isimemo sokuba nenxaxheba kwiNkomfa Yehlabathi Yokuqala Mayela Nokholo Nenkqubo Yecawa, eyayiseLausanne, eSwitzerland. Abathunywa ababemela iicawa eziliqela zobuProtestanti nezobuOthodoki badibana ukuze baxubushe ngezinto ezithintela umanyano, kodwa uPopu Pius XI akazange avumele nawuphi na umKatolika ukuba abe nenxaxheba koku.
Kwinqaku layo elithetha ngoPopu Pius XI, iNew Catholic Encyclopedia ithi: “UPopu waba nesimo sengqondo esiphosakeleyo ngombutho wokumanyanisa iicawa zeNgqobhoko ezingengomaKatolika.” Eso simo sengqondo siphosakeleyo saba ngunozala wentiyo eyathi yacaca xa, ngowe-1928, upopu wakhupha ileta yakhe awayibhalela oobhishophu ethi Mortalium animos. Kuyo wawugxeka umbutho wokumanyanisa iicawa waza wawalela amaKatolika ukuba axhase ukumanyaniswa kweecawa.
Ngowe-1948 kwasekwa iWCC. Ekusekweni kwayo, amalungu ayo ayequka iicawa eziphantse zibe li-150, inkoliso yazo izezamaProtestanti. Kwakuqukwe ezinye zeecawa zobuOthodoki baseMpuma, yaye ezinye iicawa zobuOthodoki zangenelela kamva kwiWCC. Zonke ezi cawa zamkela njengesiseko sokuba ngamalungu isibhengezo esithi: “IBhunga Leetyalike Zehlabathi bubudlelane beecawa ezamkela iNkosi uYesu Kristu njengoThixo noMsindisi.” Phezu kwawo nje lo mgaqo ucacileyo kaBathathu Emnye, uPopu Pius XII wasikhaba isimemo sokungenisa iCawa yamaKatolika kweli bhunga lokumanyanisa iicawa.
Ngaba Kuye Kwakho Inguqulelo Phakathi KwamaKatolika?
UJohn XXIII, owanyulwa njengopopu ngowe-1958 phantse xa wayenama-77 eminyaka ubudala, wayegqalwa ngamaKatolika amaninzi eyipapa di passaggio nje, okanye upopu wokwexeshana. Njengoko kwathi kwacaca ekugqibeleni, wabangela iinguqulelo kwiVatican ezithi unanamhla zibangele ingxwabangxwaba kumalungu amaKatolika. Esinye sezigqibo zokuqala zikaPopu John, ekuqaleni kowe-1959, sasikukubiza ibhunga lokumanyanisa iicawa, elathi, ngokweentetho eqhelekileyo yamaKatolika, laba yingqungquthela yoobhishophu beCawa yamaKatolika iyonke.
Okokuqala, injongo yale ntlanganiso “yayikukulungelelanisa imicimbi yecawa” yaye, okwesibini, “yayikukuvula indlela yokumanyanisa amarhamente awahlukeneyo aseMpuma nawaseNtshona kubuhlanti obunye bukaKristu.” Ngokuvisisana nale njongo yesibini, ngowe-1960 uPopu John XXIII wamisela kwiVatican ooSosiba Bokukhuthaza Umanyano LobuKristu. Oku kwathulelwa umnqwazi kusithiwa “kokokuqala ngqa ukuba iCawa yamaRoma Katolika ibamkele ngokusemthethweni ubukho bombutho wokumanyanisa iicawa.”
Ngokuqinisekileyo zabonakala zithabath’ unyawo iziphendu ezazibangelwa yile nguqulelo. Kodwa ngaba iCuria yamaRoma, iqela elinamandla labefundisi bodidi oluphezulu elibumba ulawulo lwabaphathi beecawa, yayizixhasa ezi nguqulelo? Yaye ukuba kunjalo, yayiyiyiphi ingcamango yayo yomanyano lobuKristu?