Baphi Abantu Abathembekileyo?
NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! ESPEYIN
“Akukho nto ibulala unqulo njengokungakhathali.”
UEDMUND BURKE, ISITHETHI SASEBRITANI SENKULUNGWANE YE-18.
KWINDAWO esempengempengeni kummandla okumantla eSpeyin kukho idolophana yaseCaleruega. Le dolophana yamaxesha aphakathi inomzi woonongendi omkhulu oyiRomanesque. Wakhiwa kwiminyaka engama-700 eyadlulayo ukunikel’ imbeko kuDomingo de Guzmán, umseki wehlelo laseDominican, owazalelwa apha. Kangangeenkulungwane ezisixhenxe lo mzi woonongendi wawuhlala oonongendi abakhetha ukuhlala ngoxolo endaweni esecaleni.
Uphahla lwalo mzi woonongendi luyavuza, ibe iindonga zawo zamandulo ziqalisa ukuqhekeka. Kodwa umama ophetheyo uxhalatyiswe ngumonakalo ongaphezulu kunalo—ukuqhekeka konqulo ngenkqu. Uyachaza: “Xa ndangenelela ubunongendi kwiminyaka ephantse ibe ngama-30 eyadlulayo, kwakukho oonongendi abangama-40 apha. Sithetha nje sili-16 kuphela. Abekho abaselula. Ubizo olungokonqulo lubonakala luyinto ephelelwe lixesha.”
Oko kwenzeka eCaleruega kwenzeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Akukhange kubekho bantu baninzi bachase unqulo, kodwa bebephuma beyimiqodi bangaze baphinde babuye. Indlu edumileyo yecawa kabhishophu yaseYurophu sele inomtsalane kubakhenkethi kunokuba itsale “abathembekileyo” basekuhlaleni. Icawa eyayikade isaziwa kakhulu—enoba yeyamaProtestanti okanye yeyamaKatolika—ayisakhathalelwanga. Ubomi babantu bulawulwa zizinto zehlabathi kunezonqulo—tyekelo olo isithethi esimele icawa silubiza ngokuba bubuhlabathi. Unqulo alusabonakali lubalulekile. Ngaba imeko yonqulo eYurophu isibonisa ukuba unqulo luza kuwohloka ngolo hlobo nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi?
Kwenzeka Ntoni Kwinani Labaya ECaweni?
Esi sihelegu asiyonto intsha eYurophu. Basisi-5 ekhulwini kuphela abemi baseScandinavia abangamaLuthere abaya ecaweni rhoqo. EBritani sisi-3 ekhulwini kuphela sabo bazibanga bengamaTshetshi abaya kwinkonzo yangeCawa. Kodwa sithetha nje, abemi beYurophu esemazantsi abangamaKatolika kubonakala ngathi balandela umzekelo wabamelwane babo basemantla.
EFransi, ngokuyintloko elilizwe lamaKatolika, ngummi omnye kwabalishumi kuphela oya ecaweni kanye ngeveki. Kwiminyaka engama-25 edluleyo, umlinganiselo wabemi baseSpeyin abazigqala “bengamaKatolika anenzondelelo” uye wehla usuka kuma-83 ekhulwini waya kuma-31 ekhulwini. Ngowe-1992, ubhishophu omkhulu waseSpeyin uRamon Torrella waxelela inkomfa yoonondaba ukuba “asikho iSpeyin samaKatolika; abantu baya kwimingcelele yeVeki Engcwele nakuMthendeleko weKrismesi—kodwa abayi [eMthendelekweni] veki nganye.” Ebudeni botyelelo lukapopu eMadrid ngowe-1993, uJohn Paul II walumkisa ngelithi “elaseSpeyin kufuneka libuyele kubuKristu balo bangaphambili.”
Ukungabi namdla elunqulweni kuye kwasulela abefundisi kunye namarhamente. Inani labefundisi abasandul’ ukuthanjiswa eFransi liye lehla laya kwi-140 ngowe-1988 (ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha senani lowe-1970), ngoxa eSpeyin kukho malunga nama-8000 abaye babushiya ubufundisi ukuze batshate. Kwelinye icala, abo baqhubeka belungiselela umhlambi wabo bayasithandabuza isigidimi sabo. Bangama-24 ekhulwini kuphela abefundisi baseSweden abangamaLuthere abavakalelwa kukuba bangashumayela ngezulu nangesihogo “ngaphandle kwexhala,” ngoxa ikota yabefundisi baseFransi ingaqinisekanga ngovuko lukaYesu.
Ukukhetha Ulonwabo Ngaphezu Kokuthembeka Kunqulo
Yintoni ethabathel’ indawo unqulo? Kumakhaya amaninzi ukuzihlaziya kuye kwathabatha indawo yonqulo. NgeeCawa iintsapho ziya elwandle okanye ezintabeni kunokuba ziye ecaweni. “Ukuya eMthendelekweni kuyakruqula,” watsho uJuan, okwishumi elivisayo ongummi waseSpeyin. Iinkonzo zonqulo ziyodlulwa yimidlalo yebhola ekhatywayo okanye ziikonsathi zomculo wepop, ziganeko ezo ezitsala izihlwele ukuze zizalise amabala ezemidlalo.
Ukuhla kwenani labo baya ecaweni asikokuphela kobungqina bokuwohloka konqulo. Abemi abaninzi baseYurophu bayazikhetha iingcamango zonqulo abazifunayo baze balahle ezo bangazifuniyo. Kule mihla imfundiso engokwasemthethweni yecawa isenokufana kancinane neenkolelo zobuqu zabo bazibanga bengamalungu onqulo oluthile. Uninzi lwabantu baseYurophu—enoba bangamaKatolika okanye bangamaProtestanti—abasakholelwa kubukho bobomi emva kokufa, ngoxa amaKatolika angaphezu kwama-50 ekhulwini aseFransi, eItali nawaseSpeyin engakholelwa kwimimangaliso.
Iinkokeli zonqulo zibonakala zingenawo amandla okuthintela oku kwanda kokungakholelwa elunqulweni. Oku kwabonakala ngakumbi kwiphulo loobhishophu elichasene noqingqo-nzala. Ngowe-1990, uPopu uJohn Paul II wabongoza oosokhemisti abangamaKatolika ukuba bangazithengisi izinto zokucwangcisa. Wathi ezi mveliso “zaphula imithetho yemvelo yesidima somntu.” Ngokufanayo, iCatechism of the Catholic Church yagxininisa ukuba “ngaloo ndlela uthando lwendoda nomfazi abatshatileyo luphantsi kwesivumelwano esintlu-mbini sokuthembeka nokuvelisa abantwana.”
Phezu kwayo nje le miyalelo ingqongqo, izibini ezitshatileyo zamaKatolika zihamba ngeziyibonayo. Sithetha nje iintsapho ezinabantwana abangaphezu kwababini zinqabile kumazwe obuKatolika omzantsi Yurophu. ESpeyin, iicondom—phantse ezazikade ziyimveliso yoshishino olungekho mthethweni kwiinkulungwane ezimbini ezidluleyo—zibhengezwa rhoqo kumabonwakude, yaye sisi-3 ekhulwini kuphela samabhinqa angamaKatolika aseFransi athi asabambelele kumgaqo wobuKatolika osemthethweni ngoqingqo-nzala.
Licacile elokuba, abemi baseYurophu bayazifulathela iicawa neemfundiso zazo. Ubhishophu omkhulu wamaTshetshi aseCanterbury uGeorge Carey wayichaza ngokucacileyo imeko yecawa yakhe wathi: “Sele ibhonga ilele, ibe kufuneka sibhinqele phezulu silungise loo mbandela.”
Emva koHlaziyo isiseko sonqulo lwaseYurophu sabonakala sigungqiswa. Kutheni abemi baseYurophu abaninzi beye ababi namdla elunqulweni? Liyintoni ikamva lonqulo?