Imiqobo Ethintela Unxibelelwano
UROBERT ngumvangeli wasemazweni weWatch Tower ohlala eSierra Leone, eNtshona Afrika. Ngenye imini esandul’ ukufika kwelo lizwe, njengoko wayehamba ngendlela, waphawula ukuba abantwana basekuhlaleni babekhwaza besithi: “Umlungu! Umlungu!” URobert, ongumntu ontsundu waseMerika, wabhekabheka ekhangela lo mlungu, kodwa kwakungekho mntu wumbi apho. Ngoko ke waqonda ukuba aba bantwana babeyibhekisa kuye le mikhwazo yabo!
Yayingeyomikhwazo ebonisa ingqumbo. Aba bantwana babevakalisa nje ukuba bayaqonda ukuba uRobert wayephuma kwisithethe esahlukileyo kwesabo. Ukubiza uRobert ngokuthi ngumlungu yayiyeyona ndlela ibhetele babenokucinga ngayo ukuvakalisa lo mahluko.
Indlela Isithethe Esikuphembelela Ngayo Oko Sikuko
Ngokubanzi isithethe besichazwa “njengeqela leengcamango ezifanayo, . . . amasiko, iinkolelo nolwazi oluphawula indlela yokuphila.” Sifunda ngemilinganiselo emininzi yesithethe ngokufundiswa ngokuthe ngqo, kodwa sikwafumana engakumbi ngendlela engaqondakaliyo. Omnye umphengululi wathi: “Ukususela kwixesha azalwa ngalo [umntwana] amasiko azalelwa kuwo aphembelela amava nokuziphatha kwakhe. Ngexesha anokuthetha ngalo, uba sele ephenjelelwe sisithethe sakhe, ibe ngexesha asele ekhulile yaye enako ukuba nenxaxheba kwizinto eziqhubekayo kuso, imikhwa yaso iba yimikhwa yakhe, iinkolelo zaso ziinkolelo zakhe, izinto ezingamkelekanga kuso azamkelekanga kuye.”
Ngeendlela ezininzi isithethe senza ubomi bube lula kuthi. Njengabantwana siyakhawuleza ukufunda indlela yokukholisa abazali bethu. Ukwazi into eyamkelekileyo nento engamkelekanga kwibutho lethu kuyasikhokela ekwenzeni izigqibo ngendlela yokwenza izinto, into emasiyinxibe nendlela yokuncokola nabanye.
Kakade ke, oko sikuko ngokwabantu ngabanye akuxhomekekanga nje kwimvelaphi yethu engokwesithethe. Kwisithethe ngasinye kukho umahluko phakathi kwabantu. Kwakhona oko sikuko kumiselwa yimizila yemfuza, amava ethu ebomini nothotho lwezinye izinto. Sekunjalo, isithethe sisinceda sibone oko likuko ihlabathi.
Ngokomzekelo, isithethe sethu asigqibi ngolwimi emasiluthethe kuphela kodwa sigqiba ngendlela emasiluthethe ngayo. Kwiinxalenye zoMbindi Mpuma, abantu bayabuxabisa ubuchule bokukwazi ukuthetha ngamagama amaninzi, besebenzisa uphindaphindo nesikweko. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, abantu bamazwe akwiMpuma Ekude ukunxibelelana ngokuncokola bakugcina kukumlinganiselo ophantsi. Iqhalo laseJapan lityhila le mbono: “Into oyithethayo isenokukufaka engxakini.”
Isithethe sethu silawula indlela esilijonga ngayo ixesha. ESwitzerland ukuba edingeni ufike emva kwexesha ngemizuzu elishumi, kulindeleke ukuba ungxengxeze. Kwamanye amazwe usenokufika emva kwexesha ngeyure enye okanye ezimbini ibe akulindelekanga ukuba ungxengxeze.
Kwakhona isithethe sethu sisifundisa ngemigaqo. Khawucinge ngendlela obuya kuvakalelwa ngayo ukuba ubani uthe kuwe: “Uyatyeba. Utyeba ngenene!” Ukuba wakhuliswa ngesithethe saseAfrika apho ukuba nomzimba omkhulu kuxatyiswe kakhulu, ubunokuziva wonwabile ngala mazwi. Kodwa ukuba wawukhuliswe ngesithethe saseNtshona apho ukuba nomzimba omncinane kuxatyiswe kakhulu, la mazwi athethwa ngokuphandle ebenokukucaphukisa.
‘Indlela Yethu Yokuphila Yeyona Ibhetele!’
Into edla ngokuthintela unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo banezithethe ezahlukeneyo kukuba kuyo yonke indawo abantu banotyekelo lokucinga ukuba isithethe sabo sibhetele. Uninzi lwethu lucinga ukuba iinkolelo zethu, imilinganiselo, izithethe, indlela yokunxiba nembono yethu ngobuhle ichanile, ifanelekile kwaye ibhetele kunayo nayiphi na enye into. Kwakhona sityekele ekujongeni ezinye izithethe ngokuvisisana nemilinganiselo yeqela lethu. Ukucinga okunjalo kubizwa ngokuba kukongama kohlanga oluthile. IThe New Encyclopædia Britannica ithi: “Ukongama kohlanga oluthile . . . kusenokutshiwo ukuba phantse kukho ehlabathini lonke. Amalungu azo zonke izithethe ezikhoyo ehlabathini phantse indlela yawo yokuphila ayigqala njengeyona yongamileyo kuneyabamelwane abasondele kakhulu.”
Kwiminyaka engama-200 eyadlulayo, esinye isithwala-ndwe sasemaNgesini lo mbandela sawubeka krwada, sathi: “[Ngendlela] endibona ngayo, abantu bamanye amazwe ziziyatha.” Umhleli wencwadi yezicatshulwa apho abonakala khona la mazwi wabhala: “[Olu] luphantse lube luluvo lwehlabathi lonke.”
Imizekelo yokunganyamezelani kwabantu abanezithethe ezahlukeneyo mininzi. Nangona ntlandlolo sabhalwa ngumbhali weenoveli waseJamani ngeminyaka yee-1930, isicatshulwa esilandelayo sidla ngokunxulunyaniswa nenkokeli yamaNazi uHermann Göring: “Xa ndisiva igama elithi isithethe, nditsibela umpu wam.”
Iimbono zokongama kohlanga oluthile zinokukhokelela kucalu-calulo, olusenokukhokelela kumlo nongquzulwano. URichard Goldstone ngumtshutshisi weInternational Criminal Tribunal ophanda ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe yaseRwanda nendawo eyayisakuba yiYugoslavia. Ngokuphathelele izenzo ezingcolileyo kuzo zombini ezi mfazwe, wathi: “Into enje inokwenzeka naphi na. Apha unamazwe amabini awahlukeneyo, anezithethe nembali eyahlukileyo, sekunjalo kwenziwa izenzo zenkohlakalo ezifanayo ngummelwane komnye ummelwane. Olu hlobo lwemfazwe yenkohlakalo yobuhlanga okanye engokonqulo lucalu-calulo nje oluye lwaphumela kugonyamelo. Iqela elihlaselwayo limele ukuba lithotywa isidima sobuntu okanye lithatyathwa njengelineedemon. Kwakuba kwenziwe oku, abantu abaqhelekileyo kuyabakhulula kwimiqathango yokuziphatha ngokuqhelekileyo ebiya kubathintela [ekwenzeni] izinto ezimasikizi ngolo hlobo.”
Ukuphangalalisa Imbono Yethu
Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu esibakhethayo ukuba babe ngabahlobo bethu ngabo bafana nathi, abantu abanesimo sengqondo nemilinganiselo efana neyethu. Siyabathemba yaye siyabaqonda. Siziva sikhululekile xa siphakathi kwabo. Ukuba indlela aziphethe ngayo omnye umntu siyijonga njengengaqhelekanga okanye ephum’ ecaleni, mhlawumbi abahlobo bethu baya kuvumelana nathi kuba abahlobo bethu banotyekelo olufana nolwethu.
Ngoko ke, yintoni esinokuyizuza ngokunxibelelana nabanye abahlukileyo kuthi ngenxa yemvelaphi yabo engokwesithethe? Phakathi kwezinye izinto, unxibelelwano oluhle luya kusinceda siqonde izizathu zokuba abanye bacinge baze benze ngendlela abenza ngayo. UKunle, ongummi waseNtshona Afrika, uthi: “Abantwana abaninzi eAfrika bathintelwa ngokungqongqo ukuba bangathethi xa besitya. Noko ke, kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu ukuncokola ngamaxesha esidlo kuyakhuthazwa. Kwenzeka ntoni xa umntu waseYurophu esitya nomntu waseAfrika? Umntu waseYurophu umangaliswa yinto yokuba umntu waseAfrika abe ntshingintshingi kodwa uyatya. Kusenjalo, lo mntu waseAfrika umangaliswa yinto yokuba umntu waseYurophu entyiloza oku kwentaka!” Ngokucacileyo, kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuqonda imvelaphi engokwesithethe yomnye kunokuba negalelo elikhulu ekususeni ikhethe elingokwentlalo.
Njengoko sisiya sisazi abantu abanezinye izithethe, asiphuculi ulwazi esinalo ngabanye kuphela kodwa nathi sikwaziqonda bhetele. Isazinzulu ngemvelaphi nentlalo yabantu sabhala: “Into yokugqibela enokufunyaniswa sisilwanyana esihlala ngaphantsi kolwandle olunzulu ngamanzi. Siya kuwaqonda ukuba akho kuphela xa kuye kwakho ingozi esikhuphela ngaphandle size sibethwe ngumoya. . . . Ubuchule bokukwazi ukubona isithethe salo lonke ibutho likabani . . . bufuna uzijonge ngendlela eziyiyo izinto nto leyo enqabileyo ukuba ikhe ifumaneke.” Noko ke, ngokuziqhelanisa nezinye izithethe, sifana nesilwanyana esihlala elwandle esiye sabethwa ngumoya; siyakutsho siwaqonde “amanzi” asisithethe esiphila kuwo. Umbhali uThomas Abercrombie wawuchaza kakuhle lo mbandela: “Ubani ongazange abe nomdla kwisithethe sasemzini akanakuze ayiqonde imiqobo ekwesakhe.”
Ngamafutshane, ukuqonda ezinye izithethe kunokubuphucula ubomi bethu ngokuphangalalisa imbono yethu, ukuze sizazi bhetele thina nabanye. Ngoxa isithethe ozalelwe kuso nokucinga ukuba uhlanga lwakho longamile kunokuba yimiqobo kunxibelelwano, akufanele kube njalo. Loo miqobo inokudilizwa.
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 6]
“Amalungu azo zonke izithethe ezikhoyo ehlabathini phantse indlela yawo yokuphila ayigqala njengeyona yongamileyo kuneyabamelwane abasondele kakhulu.”—The New Encyclopædia Britannica
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 7]
Sinokufunda ukunandipha izinto ezintle zezinye izithethe
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 6]
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