Wasebenzise Ngobulumko Amayeza

NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! ENIGERIA

IBHINQA elithile lakhalaza lisithi liqaqanjelwa yintloko nesisu esibuhlungu. Ugqirha wathetha nalo ngokufutshane. Wandula ke wayalela ukuba lihlatywe inaliti iintsuku ezintathu ngenxa yesifo seengcongconi, walinika iparacetamol (acetaminophen) ukuphelisa intloko ebuhlungu, amayeza amabini okuthomalalisa oko bekusenokuba zizilonda ezisesiswini, amayeza athile okudambisa uxinezeleko, yaye okokugqibela, ukongezelela koko sele likufumene walinika iivithamini ezahlukeneyo. Oku kwabiza imali eninzi, kodwa eli bhinqa alizange likhalaze. Lahamba lingawuvali umlomo, liqinisekile ukuba loo mayeza ayeza kuzicombulula iingxaki zalo.

Amacebiso anjalo akanqabanga eNtshona Afrika. Uhlolisiso olwenziwa kwelinye ilizwe elikhulu lwabonisa ukuba abo banyamekela impilo kumaziko empilo kawonke wonke banika umguli omnye umlinganiselo wamayeza awahlukeneyo osisi-3,8. Eneneni, ebantwini abaninzi, ugqirha othandwayo ngomnika intaphane yamayeza umguli.

Mhlawumbi ukuba nentembelo kwabantu baseNtshona Afrika emayezeni kunokuqondwa xa kuqwalaselwa indlela eyayifudula iyiyo imeko yezempilo kwelo. Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 eyadlulayo, umbhali uJohn Gunther wabhala ngamaxesha amandulo wathi: “Olu Nxweme Lobukhoboka . . . lwalungabulali abantu abantsundu nje kuphela; lwalubulala nabamhlophe, yaye luyinxalenye yeAfrika eyaziwa ngokuba ‘Lingcwaba Lomlungu’ kwiintsomi zelo lizwe. Kangangeenkulungwane, ukumkani ongoyiswayo waseGuinea Coast wayeyingcongconi. Ulubhelushe, iblackwater fever, isifo seengcongconi, yayizizixhobo ezazikhethwe ngulo kumkani neziyingozi. Lo mbulali ungendawo wemozulu yoNxweme lwaseNtshona akayonto nje eyadlulayo, yinto eqhubekayo. Enye ingxelo engesiganeko esibangel’ umdla yachaza ummeli welizwe elithile, owathi kungekudala wazibona esabelwa eNigeria waza wabuza umhlala-phantsi wakhe. ‘Umhlala-phantsi?’ wabuza umphathi wakhe kwiOfisi Yamathanga. ‘Mhlobo wam, akakho umntu oya eNigeria ophila ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo ade afumane umhlala-phantsi.’”

Amaxesha atshintshile. Namhlanje, kukho amayeza angalwi nje kuphela izifo ezisasazwa ziingcongconi kodwa alwa nezinye izifo ezininzi. Izitofu zizodwa ziye zawunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo umlinganiselo wokufa obangelwa yimasisi, ngunkonkonko, luminxano-mhlathi nomqala omhlophe. Ngenxa yezi zitofu, isifo sengqakaqha siye satshayelwa kwathi tu. Kungekudala nepoliyo isenokuba sisifo sexesha elidluleyo.

Akumangalisi ukuba abantu abaNtsundu abaninzi banamhlanje babe nentembelo enzulu kwindlela axabiseke ngayo amayeza. Kakade ke, intembelo enjalo ayikho eNtshona Afrika kuphela. EUnited States, oogqirha banika abantu amayeza angaphezu kwamawaka angama-55 ezigidi minyaka le. EFransi abantu bathenga iibhokisi zeepilisi ezilinganiselwa kuma-50 minyaka le. Ibe eJapan umntu nje oqhelekileyo uchitha iirandi ezili-1700 ngonyaka ethenga amayeza.

Iingenelo Nxamnye Neengozi

Amayeza anamhlanje aye aluncedo kakhulu kuluntu. Xa esetyenziswa kakuhle, enza impilo ibe ntle, kodwa xa esetyenziswa kakubi, anokwenzakalisa okanye ade abulale. Ngokomzekelo, eUnited States abantu abamalunga nama-300 000 balala esibhedlele minyaka le kuba besaliwa ngamayeza aziziyobisi, yaye abali-18 000 balala kobandayo.

Ukuze uwasebenzise ngobulumko amayeza, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba kusoloko kukho ingozi. Naliphi na iyeza, kwaneyeza lokuthomalalisa iintlungu, linokuba yingozi. Iingxaki zisenokwanda ukuba usebenzisa amayeza aliqela ngaxeshanye. Ukutya nokusela nako kuphembelela indlela elisebenza ngayo iyeza emzimbeni wakho yaye kunokulenza lisebenze kakhulu okanye lingasebenzi.

Kukho nezinye iingozi. Usenokwaliwa liyeza elithile. Ukuba amayeza akuwasebenzisi ngendlela oyalelwe ngayo—uthabathe umlinganiselo othile kangangexesha elithile—asenokungakuncedi kwaye asenokude akwenzakalise. Kusenokubakho umphumo ofanayo ukuba ugqirha wakho ukunika iyeza elingafanelekanga okanye iyeza elingeyomfuneko. Kwakhona usesichengeni sokwenzakala ukuba usebenzisa amayeza aphelelwe lixesha, angekho mgangathweni okanye awomgunyathi.

Ukuze unciphise ezi ngozi, ufanele ube nolwazi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngalo naliphi na iyeza olisebenzisayo. Unokungenelwa kakhulu ngokwazi izibakala ezithile.

Amayeza Okubulala Iintsholongwane—Amandla Nobuthathaka

Ukususela ekuvelisweni kwawo kwiminyaka engama-50 eyadlulayo, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aye asindisa ubomi bezigidi zabantu. Aye oyisa izifo ezoyikekayo, ezinjengeqhenqa, isifo sephepha, inyumoniya, iscarlet fever negcushuwa. Kwakhona anendima ephambili ekuphiliseni ezinye izifo ezasulelayo.

UGqr. Stuart Levy, unjingalwazi wezamayeza eTufts University Medical School eUnited States, wathi: “[Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane] aye awatshintsha amayeza. Kuphela kwento eye yaguqula yonke imbali yezamayeza.” Enye incwadi yezamayeza ithi: “Sisiseko awakhelwa kuso amayeza ale mihla.”

Noko ke, ngaphambi kokuba ukhawuleze uye kugqirha wakho uyokucela la mayeza, cinga ngeengozi. Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, xa engasetyenziswa ngendlela efanelekileyo, anokukwenzakalisa kunokuba akuncede. Oku kungenxa yokuba amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asebenza ngokuhlasela nangokutshabalalisa iintsholongwane ezisemzimbeni. Kodwa awasoloko etshabalalisa zonke iintsholongwane eziyingozi; iintlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane ziyamelana nohlaselo lwawo. Ezi ntlobo zixhathisayo azisindi nje kuphela kodwa ziyaphindaphindeka zize zidlulele kubantu ngabantu.

Ngokomzekelo, ipenicillin yayikade isebenza kakhulu ekunyangeni izifo ezasulelayo. Kungoku nje, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuxhathisa okwandayo kweentlobo ezithile zeentsholongwane, iinkampani zeziyobisi zithengisa amakhulu aliqela eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zepenicillin.

Unokwenza ntoni ukuphepha iingxaki? Ukuba uwafuna ngenene amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, qiniseka ukuba unikwe umyalelo ngugqirha ofanelekayo yaye uwafumana kwindawo esemthethweni. Sukumnyanzela ugqirha wakho ukuba akunike amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane—usenokufuna ukuba uqale uhlolwe elebhu ukuqinisekisa ukuba lawo akunike wona asilungele isigulo sakho.

Kwakhona kubalulekile ukuba uthabathe umlinganiselo ofanelekileyo ixesha elide ngokwaneleyo. Ufanele uwasebenzise uwagqibe la mayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kwanokuba uziva ubhetele ngaphambi kokuba aphele.

Ngaba Ukuhlaba Inaliti Kubhetele Kuneepilisi?

“Ndifuna inaliti!” La mazwi aviwa ngabasebenzi abaninzi bezempilo kumazwe asakhasayo. Unobangela wesicelo esinjalo yinkolelo yokuba iyeza lifakwa ngqo egazini yaye liphilisa kakhulu kuneepilisi. Kwamanye amazwe kuqhelekile ukubona ‘oogqirha abahlaba inaliti’ kwiindawo zentengiso abangenamaphepha okwenza oko.

Iinaliti zibangela iingozi ezingazibangeliyo iipilisi. Ukuba inaliti ayicocekanga, umguli unokwasulelwa yihepatitis, luminxano-mihlathi kwanoGawulayo. Kwakhona inaliti engcolileyo inokubangela ithumba elibuhlungu. Iingozi ziyanda ukuba inaliti ihlatywa ngumntu ongafanelekanga.

Ukuba ngenene ufuna inaliti, qiniseka ukuba uyihlatywa ngumntu ofanelekayo ngokwezamayeza. Ukwenzela ukhuseleko lwakho, ngamaxesha onke qiniseka ukuba inaliti nesirinji azinazintsholongwane.

Amayeza Omgunyathi

Umzi-mveliso wokuxuba amayeza osehlabathini lonke lishishini elikhulu, elingenisa malunga neerandi ezingamawaka azizigidi ezingama-740 nyaka ngamnye, ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organization (WHO). Belangazelela ukuxhaphaza eli thuba, abantu abangenalusizi baye bavelisa amayeza omgunyathi. Amayeza omgunyathi akhangeleka njengamayeza okwenene—kunjalo nangamagama nezisongelo zawo—kodwa akasebenzi.

Ngoxa amayeza omgunyathi ekho kuyo yonke indawo, axhaphake ngokukodwa kumazwe asakhasayo, yaye anemiphumo eyintlekele. ENigeria, abantwana abali-109 babulawa kukungasebenzi kwezintso emva kokusela iyeza lokuphelisa iintlungu elinamachiza asetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso. EMexico, amaxhoba okutsha aba nesifo sesikhumba esiqaqambayo esibangelwa ngamayeza ekucingelwa ukuba anomququ wamaplanga, ikofu nokungcola. EBurma, inyambalala yabemi basemaphandleni isenokuba yabulawa sisifo seengcongconi ngenxa yokusebenzisa amayeza omgunyathi angawulwiyo umkhuhlane obangelwa sisifo seengcongconi. I-WHO ithi: “Abona bantu basengozini, ikwangamahlwempu, wona acinga ukuba afumana isisulu xa ethenga oko kubonakala kuliyeza elisebenzayo eliveliswa yinkampani eyaziwayo.”

Unokuzikhusela njani kumayeza omgunyathi? Qiniseka ukuba oko ukuthengayo kuvela kwindawo edume kakuhle, njengeekhemisti. Sukuthenga ebantwini abathengisa esitratweni. Umxubi wamayeza kwisiXeko saseBenin, eNigeria, uyalumkisa: “Kwabo bathengisa esitratweni, ukuthengisa amayeza lishishini nje. Bathengisa amayeza ngokungathi bathengisa iilekese okanye amaqebengwane. Amayeza abawathengisayo adla ngokuba ngaphelelwe lixesha okanye awomgunyathi. Aba bantu abazinto ngamayeza abawathengisayo.”

Ingxaki Yobuhlwempu

Unyango lwezamayeza alufumanayo umntu ngokufuthi luxhomekeka kwimali anayo. Ukunciphisa iindleko nokonga ixesha, kumazwe asakhasayo abantu basenokudlula kugqirha baze baye ngqo ekhemisti beyokuthenga amayeza ngokomthetho afanele akhutshwe ngomyalelo kagqirha. Ekubeni bebekhe basebenzisa amayeza athile ngaphambili okanye kuba enconyelwa ngabahlobo, bayakwazi okunokunyanga oko bagula kuko. Kodwa oko bakufunayo kusenokungabi koko kufunekayo.

Abantu bazama ukunciphisa iindleko nangezinye iindlela. Ugqirha wenze uhlolisiso elebhu waza wakhupha umyalelo wamayeza athile. Umguli uthabatha loo miyalelo yamayeza ibhaliweyo aye nayo ekhemisti kodwa ufumanisa ukuba ixabiso lawo liphakamile. Ngoko kunokuba bayokufuna enye imali, ngokufuthi abantu baye bathenge iyeza elinexabiso eliphantsi okanye bathenge kuphela amanye aloo mayeza bawabhalelweyo.

Ngaba Ngenene Ufuna Amayeza?

Ukuba ngenene ufuna amayeza, yenza uphando ngoko ukuselayo. Sukuziva uneentloni ngokubuza ugqirha wakho okanye usokhemisti imibuzo ngokuphathelele iyeza akunika lona. Unelungelo lokwazi. Ngapha koko, ngumzimba wakho osenokubandezeleka.

Ukuba akuwasebenzisi kakuhle amayeza, usenokungaphili. Ufanele uwazi umlinganiselo ofanele uwuthabathe, kunye nomlinganiselo wexesha. Kwakhona ufanele ukwazi ukutya, iziselo namanye amayeza okanye imisebenzi omawuyiphephe xa usebenzisa iyeza. Yaye kufuneka uziphaphele iingxaki ezinokuvela noko ufanele ukwenze xa zivela.

Kwakhona, khumbula ukuba amayeza akacombululi yonke ingxaki yezonyango. Usenokungawafuni konke konke amayeza. Iphephancwadi iWorld Health, impapasho ye-WHO, lithi: “Sebenzisa iyeza kuphela xa kuyimfuneko. Ukuphumla, ukutya okusemgangathweni nokusela kakhulu kudla ngokumnceda umntu ukuba abe bhetele.”

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 26]

“Izifo Eziliwaka Zifuna Amayeza Aliwaka,” Yabhala Yatsho Imbongi Yaseroma Kwiminyaka Emalunga Nama-2000 Eyadlulayo. Namhlanje, Le Mbongi Isenokuba Ngeyibhale Yathi, ‘Izifo Eziliwaka Zifuna Iipilisi Eziliwaka’! Enyanisweni, Kubonakala Kukho Ipilisi Yesifo Ngasinye, Enoba Kuyinyaniso Okanye Kuyaqikelelwa Oko. Ngokutsho Kweworld Bank, Ehlabathini Lonke Kukho Iintlobo Zamayeza Ezimalunga Ne-100 000, Ezenziwe Ngamachiza Asebenzayo Angaphezu Kwama-5000.

[Ibhokisi/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 27]

Indlela Esengqiqweni Yokusebenzisa Amayeza

1. Musa ukusebenzisa amayeza aphelelwe lixesha.

2. Thenga kwindawo edume kakuhle. Sukuthenga kwabo bathengisa esitratweni.

3. Qiniseka ukuba uyayiqonda kwaye uyayilandela imiyalelo kagqirha.

4. Musa ukusebenzisa amayeza omnye umntu.

5. Musa ukugxininisa kwinaliti. Amayeza aselwayo adla ngokusebenza kakuhle nawo.

6. Amayeza wagcine kwindawo epholileyo, apho bangenakufikelela khona abantwana.