Ukutya Kwabantu Bonke—Ngaba Liphupha Nje?
NGUMBHALELI KAVUKANI! EITALI
“NAYIPHI na indoda, ibhinqa nomntwana unelungelo lokukhululeka kwindlala nakukungondleki” yatsho njalo iWorld Food Conference eyayiququzelelwa yiFood and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) emva phayaa ngowe-1974. Ngelo xesha kwahlatywa ikhwelo lokuba kutshayelwe indlala ehlabathini “kwisithuba seminyaka elishumi.”
Noko ke, xa abameli bamazwe ali-173 badibanisa iintloko kwikomkhulu leFAO eRome ngasekupheleni konyaka ophelileyo kwiWorld Food Summit eyathabatha iintsuku ezintlanu, injongo yabo yayikukufumanisa ukuba: “Konakele phi?” Ngaphandle nje kokuwa phantsi ekuboneleleni abantu bonke ngokutya, kodwa ngoku ngaphezu kwamashumi amabini eminyaka emva koko, imeko imandundu.
Le ngxubakaxaka iphathelele ukutya, ukwanda kwabemi nobuhlwempu ifuna kubhinqelwe phezulu. Njengoko kuboniswa luxwebhu olwakhutshwa kule ngqungquthela, ukuba ezi ngxaki aziconjululwa, “lusenokudubadubeka uzinzo kumazwe nakwimimandla emininzi, mhlawumbi kuphazamiseke noxolo lwehlabathi.” Omnye umakhi-mkhanya walikhupha latsola elokuba: “Impucuko iza kuphela kuthi nya kuphele nezithethe zamazwe.”
Ngokutsho koMalathisi Jikelele we-FAO uJacques Diouf, “namhlanje abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingama-800 abakufumani kakuhle ukutya; phakathi kwabo abazizigidi ezingama-200 ngabantwana.” Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngonyaka wama-2025, abemi behlabathi abakhoyo namhlanje abazizigidi ezingama-5800 baya kuba bande baya kufikelela kwizigidi ezingama-8300, inxalenye enkulu yolu lwando iya kuvela kumazwe asakhasayo. UDiouf ukhalaza ngelithi: “Inani lamadoda, amabhinqa nabantwana abahluthwa ilungelo labo elisisigxina lobomi nesidima liphakame ngendlela engakholelekiyo. Iincwina zabalambileyo ziphelekwa yintlungu egqugqisileyo yokonakaliswa komhlaba, ukugecwa kwamahlathi nokushokoxeka kweendawo zokubambisa iintlanzi.”
Yintoni ecebisekayo ukuze kuconjululwe le ntsinda-badala? UDiouf uthi isicombululo sixhomekeke “kwinkalipho,” kubonelelwe “ngokutya okwaneleyo” amazwe angenakutya kwaneleyo, afundiswe ubuchule, kutyalwe izimali, afundiswe nobugcisa obuya kuwanceda akwazi ukuzivelisela ukutya.
“Ukutya Okwaneleyo”—Kutheni Kunzima Ukukufumana?
Ngokutsho koxwebhu olwakhutshwa kule ngqungquthela, “abantu baba nokutya okwaneleyo xa bonke, ngamaxesha onke, bekwazi ukufumana baze bathenge ukutya okubalingeneyo, okukhuselekileyo nokunesondlo okwakha imizimba yabo nokutya okufunekayo ukuze bahlale besempilweni.”
Indlela okunokuphela ngayo ukutya okwaneleyo ibonakala kwingxaki yeembacu zaseZaire. Ngoxa isigidi seembacu zaseRwanda zazithwaxwa linxele likaKhetsekile, abameli beZizwe Ezimanyeneyo babenokutya okuninzi kokuzondla. Kodwa amalungiselelo okuba kuthuthwe kuze kwabiwe ayexhomekeke kwimithetho yezopolitiko nakwintsebenziswano yamagunya asekuhlaleni—okanye iinkokeli zomkhosi ukuba zizo ezazilawula iinkampu zeembacu. Kwakhona imeko yongxamiseko yaseZaire ibonisa indlela ekunzima ngayo kubantu behlabathi lonke ukondla abalambileyo, kwanaxa ukutya kukho. Omnye umakhi-mkhanya wathi: “Kufuneka kuqhagamshelwane kuze kucelwe uncedo lwemibutho namanye amaziko amaninzi ngaphambi kokuba kunikelwe uncedo.”
Ngokutsho koxwebhu lweSebe lezoLimo laseUnited States ukufumana ukutya okwaneleyo kunokudodotyaliswa zizinto eziliqela. Ngaphandle kweentlekele zokwemvelo, ezi zinto ziquka imfazwe neengxwabangxwaba zasekuhlaleni, iinkqubo zamazwe ezingafanelekanga, uphando nezobugcisa ezingafanelekanga, ukonakaliswa kwemekobume, indlala, ukwanda kwenani labemi, ukungalingani kwenani lamadoda nelamabhinqa nempilo enkenenkene.
Kuye kwafezwa ezinye izinto. Ukususela kwiminyaka yee-1970, umlinganiselo wokutya okutyiwayo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kutyiwa kakhulu, uye wenyuka usuka kwiikilojoule ezingama-8970 ukuya kwezingama-10 560 kumntu ngamnye ngosuku kumazwe asakhasayo. Kodwa ngokutsho kweFAO, ngenxa yolwando olulindelekileyo lwenani labemi ngamawaka ezigidi angakumbi ngonyaka wama-2030, “ukulondoloza umlinganiselo wokutya okukhoyo kuya kufuna ukuba kwenziwe ingeniso ngemveliso ekhawulezayo neya kuhlala ihleli yokutya ngaphezu kwama-75 ekhulwini ngaphandle kokutshabalalisa ubuncwane bemvelo esixhomekeke kubo sonke.” Umsebenzi wokulungiselela abemi abathwaxwa yindlala ubonakala uyinto engenakwenzeka.
‘Endaweni Yeengqungquthela Ezininzi, Sifuna Kwenziwe Into’
Ukuqhubeka kweWorld Food Summit nezivumelwano eyafikelela kuzo kwahlatyw’ amadlala gqitha. Omnye ummeli woMzantsi noMbindi weMerika wakugxeka “njengehlazo” “ukuncitshiswa” kwembopheleleko yokuphungula inani labantu abangondlekanga libe sisiqingatha selo likhoyo. Amazwe ali-15 abonisa ukungavisisani nendlela ezaqondwa ngayo izindululo ezakhutshwa kule ngqungquthela. Iphephandaba laseItali iLa Repubblica lathi, kwaukufikelela kwinqanaba lokwenza isindululo nento eza kwenziwa “kwathabatha iminyaka emibini yongquzulwano nothethathethwano. Kwakuhlalutywa igama negama, nesiphumlisi emva kwesinye ukuze kungathunukwa izilonda . . . ebezisele ziqalisa ukuphola.”
Uninzi lwabo babencedisa xa kwakusenziwa amaxwebhu awakhutshwa kule ngqungquthela lwalunganelisekanga ziziphumo. Omnye wathi: “Sithandabuza gqitha ukuba izindululo ezifanelekileyo eziye zakhutshwa ziya kusetyenziswa.” Eyona nto yayibangela ukungavisisani yayikukuba ukufumana ukutya kwakunokuchazwa “njengelungelo elihlonelwa ehlabathini lonke kusini na,” ekubeni “ilungelo” linokukhuselwa kwiinkundla zomthetho. Omnye waseKhanada wathi: “AMazwe afumileyo ayesoyikela ukuba aya kunyanzelelwa ekubeni anikele uncedo. Kungeso sizathu afuna ukungxenga umongo wesi sindululo.”
Ngenxa yomsina-ndozele wengxubusho kule ngqungquthela yayilungiselelwe ziZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, omnye umphathiswa waseburhulumenteni eYurophu wathi: “Safikelela kwisigqibo kwinkomfa eyayiseCairo [emayela nabemi nenkqubela, eyaqhutywa ngowe-1994], kodwa kwinkomfa nganye elandelayo sixhentsa ndawonye.” Wancomela oku: “Ukusetyenziswa kwamacebo ukuze kungenelwe abanye abantu kumele kube yeyona nto iphambili kuzo zonke izinto esithetha ngazo, endaweni yeeNgqungquthela ezininzi.”
Kwakhona abakhi-mkhanya babonisa ukuba nokuza kwezi ngqungquthela kwadla amanye amazwe imali eninzi ekunzima ukuyifikelela. Elinye ilizwana laseAfrika lathumela iindwendwe ezili-14 nabaphathiswa aba-2, abathi bonke bahlala eRome ngaphezu kweeveki ezimbini. Iphephandaba laseItali iCorriere della Sera lanikela ingxelo yokuba umfazi womnye umongameli waseAfrika, elizweni lakhe ekungekho mntu ufumana ngaphezu kwee-R14 600 ngonyaka, wayethenga izinto azithandayo ezixabisa ii-R102 000 kummandla oneevenkile ezisemgangathweni osesizikithini sedolophu eRome.
Ngaba sikho isizathu sokucinga ukuba Izigqibo ekwafikelelwa kuzo kule ngqungquthela ziya kuphumelela? Umchola-choli weendaba uphendula ngelithi: “Okwangoku sisathembe ukuba oorhulumente baya kuzijonga nzulu baze bathabathe amanyathelo ukuze baqiniseke ukuba zenziwa ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ngaba baya kuyenza loo nto? . . . Imbali ibonisa ukuba lincinane gqitha ithemba lokuba banokuyenza loo nto.” Kwalo mgqabazi wavelisa isibakala esidimazayo sokuba phezu kwaso nje isivumelwano esasiphakathi kwamazwe kwiRio de Janeiro Earth Summit ngowe-1992 sokunyusa imali axhasa ngayo inkqubela ifikelele kwi-0,7 ekhulwini lemveliso yelizwe lilonke, “yimbinana nje yamazwe eye yalufikelela olo sukelo lunganyanzeliswanga.”
Ngubani Oya Kondla Abalambileyo?
Imbali sele ibonise ngokwaneleyo ukuba phezu kwazo nje iinjongo ezintle zalo lonke uluntu, “ayikhona emntwini indlela yakhe; akukhona endodeni ehambayo ukuqinisela ukunyathela kwayo.” (Yeremiya 10:23) Ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokuthanda kwabo bakwazi ukunika abantu bonke ukutya. Ukubawa, ukungakwazi ukulawula izinto nokuzigwagwisa kuye kwakhokelela uluntu engozini. UMalathisi Jikelele weFAO uDiouf wathi: “Ekugqibeleni eyona nto ifunekayo kukuguqulwa kweentliziyo, iingqondo nezinto abazithandayo abantu.”
Loo nto inokwenziwa buBukumkani bukaThixo kuphela. Enyanisweni, kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo uYehova waprofeta wathi ngokuphathelele abantu bakhe: “Ndiya kuwubeka umyalelo wam embilinini yabo, ndiwubhale ezintliziyweni zabo, ndibe nguThixo wabo babe ngabantu bam.”—Yeremiya 31:33.
Xa uYehova uThixo wenzela umntu ikhaya elisisigxina elingumyezo, wanika umntu “yonke imifuno evelisa imbewu, esemhlabeni wonke, nayo yonke imithi eneziqhamo zemithi evelisa imbewu” njengokutya. (Genesis 1:29) Elo lungiselelo laliyintabalala, linesondlo yaye lifumaneka kumntu wonke. Kwakukho konke ukutya okwakunokwanelisa zonke iintswelo zabantu.
Injongo kaThixo ayikaguquki. (Isaya 55:10, 11) Kude kudala waqinisekisa ukuba nguye yedwa oya kuzalisekisa nayiphi na into efunwa luluntu ngoBukumkani bakhe ekuya kulawula uKristu kubo, ebanika ukutya abantu bonke, etshayela indlala, ephelisa iintlekele zokwemvelo, ibe ephelisa neengxwabangxwaba. (INdumiso 46:8, 9; Isaya 11:9; thelekisa uMarko 4:37-41; 6:37-44.) Ngelo xesha ‘umhlaba uya kuvelisa indyebo yawo; uya kusisikelela uThixo, uThixo wethu.’ ‘Kuya kubakho intabalala yengqolowa ezweni, ise encotsheni yeentaba.’—INdumiso 67:6; 72:16.
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 12]
Dorothea Lange, FSA Collection, Library of Congress