Idengue—Icesina Ebangelwa Kukulunywa Yinto Ethile

Ngumbhaleli kaVukani! kwiiPhilippines

INGABONWA, ingcongconi ihlala kwingalo yentombazana ethile. Ngokukhawuleza esi sinambuzane sihlaba sigqobhoze isikhumba sayo size sitsale igazi. Emva kwemizuzwana, umama uthi krwaqu kwintombi yakhe aze ayibone le ngcongconi. Ngokukhawuleza uyayichwakraza, iphel’ emhlweni. Ngaba oko kuphelela apho? Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Ingcongconi isenokuba imkile, kodwa ukuyihlasela kwayo okwethutyana imithambo yegazi yomntwana kuye kwashiya iintsholongwane ezinokubangela isifo.

Kwiiveki nje ezimbini lo mntwana uyachachatheka, uphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu, uqaqanjelwa ngemva kwamehlo, uqaqanjelwa kakhulu ngamalungu omzimba yaye utyhafe ngendlela engathethekiyo. Njengokuba egula ngokubhekele phaya, uyajaduka aze adinwe ngeyona ndlela. Ungenwe yidengue, icesina ebangelwa kukulunywa yingcongconi.

Noko ke, ngokukodwa ukuba umntwana ukhe wasulelwa yidengue ngaphambili, esi sifo sisenokuba nzulu ngakumbi, sibe yidengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Xa unesi sifo, imithanjana iyavuza, nto leyo ephumela ekopheni kwesikhumba. Ubani usenokopha ngaphakathi. Ukuba akanyangwanga kakuhle, umguli usenokumkelwa ziingqondo kuze ukuhamba kwegazi kuphazamiseke, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni ngokukhawuleza.

Kanye kanye yintoni idengue? Ngaba unokungenwa yiyo? Unokuzikhusela njani wena nentsapho yakho? Makhe sikuqwalasele oku.

Yintoni Idengue?

Idengue, ikwabizwa ngokuba yibreakbone fever, yenye yezifo ezibangelwa kukulunywa yingcongconi. Oyena nobangela wesi sifo yintsholongwane ethile. Ingcongconi ethwele esi sifo (oko kukuthi, ingcongconi eye yaluma umntu onesi sifo) ithwala le ntsholongwane kumadlala amathe ayo. Xa iluma umntu ukuze ifumane igazi, ikhuphela le ntsholongwane kuloo mntu.

Kukho iintlobo ezine zentsholongwane idengue. Ukwasulelwa luhlobo olunye akukukhuseli kwezinye iintlobo ezintathu. Emva kokwasulelwa kanye, ukuba ixhoba lilunywe yingcongconi enolunye uhlobo, kusenokubangela iDHF.

“Abantu Ababini Kwabahlanu Ehlabathini” Basengozini

Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organization (WHO), idengue isongela abantu abazizigidi ezingama-2500, “abantu ababini kwabahlanu ehlabathini.” IAsiaweek yathi: “Amazwe angaphezu kwe-100 akweleenjiko nanganeno aye anikela ingxelo yokwasulelwa yidengue, yaye nyaka ngamnye kunikelwa ingxelo yabantu abangamashumi ezigidi, abangama-95 ekhulwini kwabosulelwayo ngabantwana.”

Akwaziwa ukuba idengue yaqala nini ukuphawulwa. Ingxelo nge-“knee fever” eCairo ngowe-1779 ngokwenene yayinokubizwa ngokuthi yidengue. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kuye kwathethwa ngedengue kumhlaba wonke. Ngokukhethekileyo ukususela ngeMfazwe Yehlabathi II, idengue iyiphembelele ngokubonakalayo impilo yoluntu, iqala kuMzantsi-mpuma waseAsia. Iintlobo ezininzi zale ntsholongwane zaqalisa ukusasazeka, yaye oku kwakhokelela kwiintlobo ezininzi zokopha okuyingozi. Impapasho ebhalwe yiWHO ithi: “Ukuqalisa kwehaemorrhagic fever ngokwenene eAsia kwabonwa eManila ngowe-1954.” Kwalandela amanye amazwe, anjengeThailand, iVietnam, iMalaysia kwanemimandla ekufutshane. Ukwasulelwa sesi sifo eMzantsi-mpuma Asia kuye kwabulala abantu abangange-10 ukusa kuma-50 ekhulwini, kodwa njengokuba kwafundwa okungakumbi ngesi sifo, la manani ehla.

Ukususela ngeminyaka yee-1960, ukuyekelelwa kweenkqubo zokulawula iingcongconi ezithwele le ntsholongwane kuye kwayandisa idengue. Njengoko idengue iye yasasazeka, kukwanjalo nangeDHF. Kuphela ngamazwe ali-9 awayenendyikitya yezifo ngowe-1970, kodwa ngowe-1995 eli nani liye laya kuma-41. IWHO iqikelela ukuba nyaka ngamnye, kulaliswa abantu abangama-500 000 abaneDHF esibhedlele.

Nangona esi sifo singaziwa kakhulu kwimimandla engaphandle ekweleenjiko, kwezinye iimeko abo bakhenkethela kwiindawo apho kungayingozi ukosulelwa siso baye bosulelwa baza basizisa kumazwe abo. Ngokomzekelo, ngasekupheleni kowe-1996, iThe New York Times yachaza ngokubakho kwedengue eUnited States—eMassachusetts, eNew York, eOregon naseTexas.

Iingozi Ezithile ZeDHF

Njengokuba kuchaziwe ngaphambili, iDHF luhlobo lwedengue elisongela ubomi. Enye ingozi yeDHF kukuba abantu baqhathwa kukucinga ukuba ayiyongozi kangako. Abaninzi bacinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane. Noko ke, ukubekel’ amangomso kusenokubangela isigulo sibhekele phambili side sifikelele kwinqanaba eliyingozi xa umlinganiselo wegazi wehle kakhulu, kuqalise ukopha (ngaphakathi okanye kwiintsini, impumlo okanye kwisikhumba) luze uxinezeleko lwegazi luhle. Umguli usenokufa isiqaqa. Xa intsapho ifumanisa ukuba le meko imaxongo, sele engekho zingqondweni. Bambalekisela esibhedlele. Apho, oogqirha bafumanisa ukuba igazi alisahambi kakuhle. Ngenxa yale meko imaxongo, kufakelwa ulwelo ngemithambo.

Ukukhusela Intsapho Yakho

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuze kuncitshiswe imiphumo yesi sifo? Ukuba intsapho ihlala apho idengue ixhaphake khona yaye ilungu lentsapho linomkhuhlane omkhulu kangangethuba elingaphezu kosuku, ngobulumko loo ntsapho ifanele iye kugqirha. Oku kubaluleke ngokukodwa ukuba lowo ugulayo unezinye iimpawu zedengue, njengokujaduka okanye ukuqaqanjelwa zizihlunu kwanamalungu omzimba okanye emva kwamehlo.

Ugqirha usenokuxilonga igazi. Idengue engabangeli ukopha isenokufuna kuphela unyango olungenzulu kangako. Kodwa xa kufunyaniswa ukuba loo mntu uneDHF, kunokwenzeka ukuba ugqirha uya kuncomela ukuthiwa kolwelo ngokucokisekileyo. Oku kusenokuquka imixube yeoral rehydration, njengesetyenziswa xa ubani ehanjiswa sisisu, okanye kwimeko ezimbi kakhulu, ukuthiwa kolwelo emithanjeni kusetyenziswa iRinger’s solution, isaline solutions okanye ezinye. Ekunyangeni imeko yokucinyelwa zizibane, ugqirha usenokuncomela amayeza athile ukunceda ukunyusa uxinzeleko lwegazi kwanokubuyisela umlinganiselo wale platelet.

Ukuba ubani uye wopha ngamandla, oogqirha basenokuncomela utofelo-gazi. Ngokukhawuleza abanye basenokuncomela oku ngaphandle kokuqwalasela ezinye izinto ezinokwenziwa endaweni yalo. Noko ke, ngaphezu kokuchasana nomthetho kaThixo, ngokuqhelekileyo oku akuyomfuneko. (IZenzo 15:29) Amava aye abonisa ukuba ukuthiwa kakuhle kolwelo kwasekuqaliseni kwesifo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekunyangweni kwaso. Intsebenziswano phakathi komguli nogqirha kule meko isenokunceda ukunciphisa ukujamelana nombandela wotofelo-gazi. Konke oku kugxininisa ukubaluleka kwesenzo esikhawulezileyo xa umntu erhanelwa ukuba uneDHF.—Bona ibhokisi ethi “Ziziphi Iimpawu?”

Amanyathelo Okuthintela

Esona sithuthi esiyintloko sentsholongwane idengue yingcongconi iAedes aegypti. Olu hlobo luxhaphakile kwiindawo zakweleenjiko nezinganeno kweenjiko ehlabathini lonke. (Bona imaphu elapha.) Iingcongconi iAedes aegypti zininzi kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi. Ukulawula ezi ngcongconi yeyona ndlela yokulawula esi sifo.

Ukunciphisa iingcongconi ehlabathini lonke akuyondlwan’ iyanetha. Noko ke, kukho izinto onokuzenza ukuze uncede ukunciphisa ingozi kwikhaya lakho. Ingcongconi eyimazi ibeka amaqanda emanzini. Umbungu usenokhula nakweyiphi na into egcina amanzi kangangeveki okanye ngaphezulu, njengamatayara alahliweyo, iinkonkxa ezilahliweyo, iibhotile okanye amaqokobhe avulekileyo ekhokhonathi. Ukulahla iinkonkxa ezinjalo kuya kunciphisa iindawo zokuqandusela iingcongconi. Ukongezelela, kunconyelwa ukuba uziqubude iiemele okanye amaphenyane. Ukususa amanzi amileyo kwiigathari nako kuya kunceda. Okubangela umdla kukuba, ekuqaleni konyaka wesikolo wowe-1997/98, isebe lezempilo lasePhilippines alizange likukhuthaze ukusetyenziswa kwezitya zokufaka iintyatyambo kumagumbi okufundela esikolo ngenxa yesi sizathu.

Ukuba othile usulelwa yidengue ekhayeni, thabatha amanyathelo okuphepha ukuba alunywe zezinye iingcongconi, ezisenokuthwalela intsholongwane kwabanye. Isakhiwo esikhuselwe kakuhle okanye esinezixhobo zokupholisa nokufudumeza umoya sisenokuba yinkuselo.

Kuthekani ngokugonywa? Okwangoku isitofu sokugonya esifanelekileyo asikabikho. Kwenziwa amalinge okusenza, kodwa oku kunzima ngenxa yokuba ukukhuseleka kuya kufuna ukugonywa kuzo zonke iintlobo ezine zedengue. Ukufaka isitofu sokugonya sohlobo olunye kuphela ngokwenene kusenokwandisa ubungozi beDHF. Abaphengululi banethemba lokuba isitofu esisebenzayo sisenokufumaneka kwiminyaka emihlanu okanye elishumi ezayo.

Abanye abaphengululi baye bazama enye indlela. Ngokusebenzisa imizila yemfuza ebangela iintsholongwane, banethemba lokuthintela intsholongwane idengue ekubeni iphinde ingene kumathe engcongconi. Ukuba oku kusebenza njengokuba kucetyiwe, iingcongconi ezinemizila yemfuza ebangela iintsholongwane ziya kudlulisela kwinzala yazo amandla okuthintela idengue. Nangona kuye kwenziwa inkqubela ethile, kusalindelwe ukuba kubonwe ukuba kuya kuphumelela kangakanani na oku.

Okwangoku, akubonakali kunokwenzeka ukuyiphelisa ngokupheleleyo idengue. Kodwa ukuthabatha amanyathelo asebenzayo kunokunceda wena nabo bathandekayo ukuba baphephe ingozi esongela ubomi yedengue—icesina ebangelwa kukulunywa yinto ethile.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 16]

Ziziphi Iimpawu?

Iimpawu zedengue fever nezedengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)

• Ukuba nomkhuhlane omkhulu ngesiquphe

• Ukuphathwa yintloko ebuhlungu kakhulua

• Iingqaqambo emva kwamehlo

• Ukuqaqanjelwa ngamalungu omzimba nezihlunu

• Ukudumba kwelymph nodes

• Ukujaduka

• Ukudinwa

Iimpawu ezikhetheke kakhulu kwiDHF

• Ukufa isiqaqa ngesiquphe

• Ukopha kwesikhumba

• Ukopha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo

• Isikhumba esibandayo, esincangathi

• Ukungazinzi

• Ukungabikho zingqondweni nokubetha kwentliziyo kancinane (idengue shock syndrome)

Musa ukulibazisa ekuboneni ugqirha ukuba kubonakala ezi mpawu. Ngokukhethekileyo abantwana basengozini.

[Umbhalo osemazantsi]

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 17]

Amacebiso Kubakhenkethi

Ngamanye amaxesha, abakhenkethi abaya kwiindawo zakweleenjiko bosulelwa yidengue, kodwa abafane babe nedengue hemorrhagic fever kuba ngokuqhelekileyo olu hlobo luyingozi ngakumbi lubakho emva kokwasulelwa yidengue okwesibini. Nanga amacebiso okuzikhusela kwabakhenkethi:

• Nxiba iihempe ezinemikhono emide kwaneebhulukhwe ezinde

• Sebenzisa izinto zokugxotha iingcongconi

• Musa ukusondela kwiindawo ezihlala abantu abaninzi

• Hlala kwiindawo apho unokuvala iifestile uze uzigcine zingaphandle iingcongconi

• Ukuba ungenwa ngumkhuhlane emva kokubuyela ekhaya, mxelele ugqirha indawo obukhenkethele kuyo

[Imaphu/Umfanekiso okwiphepha 23]

Iindawo apho i-“dengue” ifumaneka khona kutshanje

Iindawo ezinokuba sengozini yokufumana i-“dengue”

Uhlobo lwe-“Aedes aegypti,” ingcongconi ethwele i-“dengue”

[Inkcazelo]

Umthombo: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997

© Dr. Leonard E. Munstermann/Fran Heyl Associates, NYC

[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 18]

Iindawo zokuqandusela (1) ngamatayara alahliweyo, (2) ziigathari zemvula, (3) izitya zokufaka iintyatyambo, (4) iiemele okanye izitya, (5) iinkonkxa ezilahliweyo, (6) imigqomo

[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 17]

© Dr. Leonard E. Munstermann/Fran Heyl Associates, NYC