Intarhantarha Yemichiza Eveliswe Ngabantu
SINGATSHO siqiniseke ukuba xa kungoku inzululwazi iphum’ izandla ekuveliseni imichiza. Le michiza iveliswe ngabantu inento eyenzileyo kuth’ apha. Ukuba unokuya emakhayeni, eziofisini nakwimizi-mveliso yethu uya kufika kuzele izinto zokwenza umoya unuke kamnandi, izinongo ezisetyenziswa endaweni yeswekile, izinto zokuthambisa, iidayi, ii-inki, iipeyinti, izinto zokubulala izinambuzane, amayeza, iiplastiki, izibandisi, oozenzele bamalaphu—singabala kuse gede.
IWorld Health Organization (WHO) ithi ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuba ihlabathi liyazifumana ezi zinto, ehlabathini lonke nyaka ngamnye, kuye kuveliswe imichiza exabisa malunga nee-R9,5 zamawaka ezigidi. Ingxelo ephuma kwiWHO ithi xa kungoku kuthengiswa imichiza emalunga ne-100 000 ibe nyaka ngamnye kuthiwa hoo eminye emitsha ephakathi kwe-1 000 nama-2 000.
Noko ke, oku kwenziwa kwale ntarhantarha ingaka yemichiza kushiy’ abantu benemibuzo yokuba phofu ayingebi inento eyenzayo kwimekobume nasempilweni yethu. Lizicacele lona elokuba singena enkathazweni esingayiqondiyo. Kaloku wakha wathi omny’ ugqirha: “Sonke siphila phakathi kwesizukulwana esihleli nje siyalinga, lingelo olo ekuseza kuqengqeleka amashumi eminyaka singayazi ncam into oluyenzayo.”
Ngaba Le Ntarhantarha Yemichiza Isicandel’ Umgalagala?
Kaloku iWHO ikhe yathi ezona zisulu zale michiza ingcolisayo “ngabantu abahlwempuzekileyo, abangafundanga, abanofifana nje okanye abangazange bafundiswe kwaukufundiswa okanye bafumane inkcazelo ebalulekileyo ngesibakala sokuba imichiza abayisebenzisa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngendlela engangqalanga mihla le inokubacandela umgalagala.” Umzekelo waloo nto kukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane. Kodwa ke le michiza ity’ esiqwini kuthi sonke.
Incwadi ethi A Green History of the World ithi malunga nama-20 ekhulwini emithombo yamanzi yaseKhalifoniya ingcolile, phakathi kweziny’ izinto ingcoliswa zizibulali-zinambuzane ezisetyenziswa ngomlinganiselo ongaphaya kwengqondo, ngaphezu kobekwe yimithetho yokhuseleko. Ithi ke le ncwadi xa isalek’ umsundulo: “Kweliya laseFlorida imithombo engaphezu kwe-1 000 kuye kwafuneka ivalwe ngenxa yokuba ingcolile; eHungary iidolophu needolophana ezingama-773 zinamanzi angaselekiyo, eBritani ishumi ekhulwini lemithombo engaphantsi komhlaba lingcoliswe ngendlel’ ebethe yadlula kumlinganiselo wokhuseleko obekwe yiWorld Health Organisation ibe kwezinye iindawo eziseBritani naseUnited States iintsana azinakusezwa amanzi empompo ngenxa yokuba ane-nitrate eninzi.”
Omnye umchiza oluncedo kodwa onokuba yingozi yimercury. Yona ingena kwimekobume ngeendlela ezifana nemisi ekhutshwa yimizi-mveliso nentaphane yezibane eziqaqambileyo. Ngendlela efanayo ke nelothe inokufumaneka kwizinto ezininzi ezinjengamafutha nepeyinti. Kodwa inobungozi gqitha kanye njengemercury, ingakumbi aph’ ebantwaneni. Eny’ ingxelo ephuma eCairo, e-Egypt ithi umphunga welothe unokuyibeth’ uyiphungule “kangangezihlandlo ezine ingqondo yomntwana nje oqhelekileyo.”
IUnited Nations Environment Programme ithi, nyaka ngamnye iitoni ezili-100 zemercury, iitoni ezingama-3 800 zelothe, iitoni ezingama-3 600 zephosphate neetoni ezingama-60 000 zezinto zokucoca zingena kuLwandle iMeditera ngenxa yezinto ezenziwa ngabantu. Iyabonakala yona into yokuba nolwandle lukwembi inkathazo. Kodwa ke asilulo lodwa olutshelwe zizicheku. Eneneni, iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ziye zavakalisa owe-1998 njengoNyaka Weelwandlekazi Zehlabathi Lonke. Ehlabathini lonke, zonk’ iilwandlekazi zikwembi ingxaki, phofu ke eyona ntsusa-mabandla yayo yonke le nto ilungcoliso.
Ngoxa ubugcisa bemichiza buye basithi ngqi ngemichiza emininzi eluncedo, kodwa ngokuyisebenzisa size siyilahle sibeka imekobume esiphila kuyo esichengeni. Kaloku omny’ umbhali wemihlathi yamaphephandaba kutshanje ukhe wabuza into yokuba, akungebi kanti “le nkqubelandini izimisel’ ukusiboph’ iinyawo nezandla”?
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 24]
Imichiza Nendlela Esebenza Ngayo
Ibinzana elithi “umchiza” libhekisela kuzo zonke izinto ezisisiseko ezikweli hlabathi siphila kulo, ekukho phakathi kwazo izinto ezingaphezu kwekhulu ezibalulekileyo ezinjengeiron, ilothe, imercury, ikharbon, ioksijen nenitrojen. Imichiza okanye ingqokelela yezinto ezahlukeneyo, iquka izinto ezinjengamanzi, iiasidi, iityuwa notywala. Uninzi lwale michiza lubakho nje ngokwemvelo.
Kuye kwathiwa xa kuchazwa “ukusebenza kwemichiza” “yinkqubo yokuguqulwa kwento ethile yimichiza ibe yeny’ into.” Umlilo lo ke yenye yeendlela zokusebenza kwemichiza; utshintsha into enokutsha—njengephepha, ipetroli, ihydrogen nezinye—ibe yinto okanye izinto ezahluke nje kwaphela. Imichiza emininzi isebenz’ ingayeki, kufutshane nathi nakuthi.
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Imichiza ayibachanel’ ukuba makuhlekwe abantu abahlwempuzekileyo